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"Obat obatan tradisional sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena harganya yang terjangkau dan bisa menyembuhkan penyakit Biji dari Amomum cardamomum kapulaga adalah salah satu contoh dari obat tradisional yang dipakai sebagai bumbu pada beberapa masakan tertentu Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan alkaloid dan saponin pada ekstrak Amomum cardamomum Pertama tama ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum dibuat dengan cara direbus Lalu alkaloid dan saponin diidentifikasi secara kualitatif menggunakan tes kimia thin layer chromatography TLC dan spektrofotometri Hasil dari tes kimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum tidak mengandung alkaloid dan saponin TLC dan spektrofotometri juga menunjukkan hasil negatif Namun kandungan minyak atsiri ditemukan di ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum pada tes spektrofotometri Kesimpulannya adalah alkaloid dan saponin tidak terdapat pada ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum tetapi minyak atsiri terdapat pada ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan alkaloid saponin dan minyak atsiri pada bagian lain dari tanaman Amomum cardamomum.

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Traditional medicine frequently used as an alternative medicine by Indonesian citizens due to low-cost and have a healing effect. Amomum cardamomum (cardamom) seed is one of the example of traditional medicine which is used as spice in certain cuisines. This research aims to identify alkaloid and saponin compounds in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. Initially, Amomum cardamomum seed extract was made by boiling technique. Then, alkaloid and saponin compounds were identified qualitatively by using chemical test, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry.

The end result was chemical test showed that there were no alkaloid and saponin compounds in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. Negative result was also shown in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) dan spectrophotometry tests. However, in spectrophotometry test, volatile oil was contained in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. In conclusion, alkaloid and saponin compounds were not contained in Amomum cardamomum seed extract while volatile oil was present. Further research is required to investigate the presence of alkaloid, saponin and volatile oil in other parts of Amomum cardamomum plant"

"A series of alkaloids isolated from the roots of N. orientalis is investigated for the inhibitory activities on in vitro agonists induced human platelet aggregation. Human platelet samples were obtained to investigate the anti-platelet activity by high throughput 96-well microtiter plate format. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) were used as agonists for in vitro human platelet aggregation. All alkaloids were inactive in the AA induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 was the only alkaloid to inhibit ADP induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 value of 27.01 ± 7.67 pM and was more potent than the standard drug, ibuprofen (p < 0.05). The compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were more potent than the standard drug to inhibit thrombin induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 values of 3.05 ± 0.22,4.41 ± 0.47,7.50 ± 0.22,45.69 ± 1.74 and 4.89 ±0.13 pM (p < 0.05), respectively. None of the potent alkaloids in thrombin- mediated platelet aggregation exhibited the inhibitory effect in TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 could inhibit platelet aggregation through the interference of platelet purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors). Moreover, compounds 1, 3,4, 5 and 7 could have inhibitory effects on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation through the proteolytic inhibition without the interferences of ligand-receptor interaction."

"Pada penelitian ini, sintesis nanopartikel ZnO, nanopartikel Ce2Sn2O7, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 berhasil dilakukan dengan metode green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.). Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada daun kirinyuh seperti alkaloid dan saponin dimanfaatkan sebagai basa lemah dan capping agent dalam proses sintesis. Karakterisasi FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis DRS, dan FESEM-EDX dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat struktural, optik, maupun morfologi dari nanopartikel dan nanokomposit yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis DRS, diperoleh nilai energi band gap dari nanopartikel ZnO, nanopartikel Ce2Sn2O7, dan nanokomposit ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 masing-masing sebesar 3,00 eV; 2,41 eV; dan 2,52 eV. Selain itu, hasil uji fotokatalitik menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 memiliki aktivitas fotokatalitik yang paling baik dibandingkan nanopartikel ZnO dan Ce2Sn2O7 dalam mendegradasi rifampicin di bawah sinar tampak selama 120 menit. Persen fotodegradasi rifampicin oleh ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7, Ce2Sn2O7, dan ZnO berturut-turut sebesar 92,25%; 68,57%; dan 55,38%. Lebih lanjut, reaksi fotodegradasi rifampicin menggunakan ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 mengikuti kinetika laju pseudo orde satu.

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In this research, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, Ce2Sn2O7 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 nanocomposites were successfully carried out by means of green synthesis method using siam weed (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf extract. The secondary metabolites in siam weed leaf such as alkaloids and saponins were used as weak bases and capping agents in the synthesis process. FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis DRS, and FESEM-EDX measurements were conducted to elucidate the structural, optical, and morphological properties of nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Based on the results of characterization using UV-Vis DRS, the band gap energy values ​​of ZnO nanoparticles, Ce2Sn2O7 nanoparticles, and ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 nanocomposites were 3.00 eV, 2.41 eV, and 2.52 eV. In addition, the photocatalytic test results showed that ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 nanocomposites had the best photocatalytic activity compared to ZnO and Ce2Sn2O7 nanoparticles against rifampicin under visible light for 120 minutes. Rifampicin photodegradation percentage by ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7, Ce2Sn2O7, and ZnO obtained were 92.25%, 68.57%, dan 55.38%, respectively. Additionally, the reaction kinetics of rifampicin photodegradation using ZnO/Ce2Sn2O7 was found to be a pseudo-first-order rate."

"Penelitian ini didasarkan pada studi eksperimental yang menggunakan tanaman kapulaga sebagai item utama. Jenis tanaman kapulaga yang terpilih adalah dari Malaysia bernama Elettaria cardamomum. Pilihan tertentu dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria pilihan untuk mendapatkan kapulaga terbaik untuk digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Beberapa tes yang dilakukan pada ekstrak benih tanaman ini seperti alkaloid, uji saponin, kromatografi lapis tipis dan uji spektrofotometri. Uji coba dilakukan untuk membuktikan keyakinan kami bahwa kapulaga yang telah digunakan secara luas sebagai bumbu dalam makanan orang Asia juga dapat bermanfaat dalam pengobatan karena telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional juga. Kami mencoba untuk memastikan adanya alkaloid, saponin dan minyak atsiri di kapulaga sebagai zat yang berharga dalam kedokteran modern. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa senyawa minyak atsiri ditemukan di Elettaria cardamomum berdasarkan uji spektrofotometri. Sebaliknya, semua tes lainnya tidak bisa menemukan jejak alkaloid atau saponin di Elettaria cardamomum. Berdasarkan pembahasan, uji alkaloid dan uji saponin dapat menjadi negatif karena faktor eksternal dan internal. Kami tidak bisa menyimpulkan bahwa unsur-unsur ini tidak terdapat dalam Elettaria cardamomum hanya dengan tes ini. Tes canggih lanjut dengan teknologi tinggi harus dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya alkaloid dan saponin. Kami tidak bisa melanjutkan dengan tes lain karena kurangnya dana. Senyawa seperti Olleum foeniculli ditemukan di Elettaria cardamomum. Temuan ini mendukung saran bahwa Elettaria cardamomum mengandung minyak atsiri.

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This research is based on experimental study that used cardamom plant as the main item. The type of cardamom plant chosen was from Malaysia named Elettaria Cardamomum. Specific selection was done based on our selection criteria to get the best cardamom to be used in this experiment. Few tests were conducted repeatedly on the plant such as alkaloid test, saponin test, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry test. The trials were done to prove our belief that cardamom which has been used widely as spices in food among Asians can also be beneficial in medicine since it has been used as traditional medicine too. We tried to ascertain the presence of alkaloid, saponin and volatile oil in cardamom as those substances are valuable in modern medicine.

The results obtained showed that the compound of volatile oil was found in Elettaria Cardamomum based on spectrophotometry test. On the contrary, all the other tests couldn`t find any traces of alkaloid nor saponin in Elettaria Cardamomum. Based on the discussion, alkaloid test and saponin test can be negative due to many external and internal factors. We can`t conclude that those elements are absent in Elettaria Cardamomum only by these tests. Further advanced tests with high technology should be done to confirm the absence of alkaloid and saponin. We could not proceed with other tests due to lack of funds. Few compounds of Olleum Foeniculli were found in Elettaria Cardamomum. These findings support the suggestion that Elettaria Cardamomum contains volatile oil."