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Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini, asam risinoleat diesterifikasi dengan dry metanol dan katalis KOH dengan sistem reflux. Metil risinoleat yang terbentuk dioksidasi pada ikatan rangkapnya membentuk diol menggunakan KMnO4 encer dalam suasana basa pada suhu 0oC. Metil risinoleat kemudian diamidasi menggunakan asam amino glisin dan asam amino fenilalanin untuk menghasilkan senyawa lipoamida. Hasil karakterisasi lipoamida yang terbentuk menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan adanya pita serapan ulur N-H dan O-H yang overlaping pada bilangan gelombang 3445,47 cm-1 untuk lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 3434,06 cm-1 untuk lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Selain itu, muncul puncak serapan medium vibrasi C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1217,90 cm-1 pada lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 1217,59 cm-1 pada lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Hal ini menunjukkan ikatan amida yang terbentuk dari proses amidasi. Hasil uji sitotoksik MTT senyawa lipoamida terhadap sel HeLa menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 lipoamida glisin-risinoleat sebesar 120 µg/mL yang termasuk ke dalam kategori cukup aktif, sedangkan IC50 lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat sebesar 250 µg/mL yang tergolong memiliki sifat sitotoksisitas yang lemah terhadap sel HeLa. ......In this study, ricinoleic acid from castor oil was esterified with dry methanol and KOH catalyst using the reflux system. The methyl ricinoleate formed was oxidized on its double bonds to form a diol using dilute KMnO4 under alkaline conditions at 0oC. Methyl ricinoleate was then reacted through amidation process using amino acid glycine and amino acid phenylalanine to produce lipoamides. The results of characterization of lipoamides formed using FTIR showed that there were overlapping N-H and O-H stretch bands at wave numbers 3445.47 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 3434.06 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. In addition, the medium absorption peak of C-N appeared at the wave number 1217.90 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 1217.59 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. These showed that the amide bonds were formed from the amidation process. The results of the MTT cytotoxic assay of lipoamide compounds against HeLa cells showed that the IC50 value of glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 120 µg / mL which was considered quite active, while the IC50 value of phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 250 µg / mL which was classified as having weak cytotoxicity properties against HeLa cells

Abstrak :
Forty-eight male weanling rats (91 g) were utilized to study the nutritional adequacy of cooked polished white rice. Rats were individually housed, and allowed ad libitum access to one of six treatment diets. Treatment diets were 1) polished white rice plus 10% casein and 0.18% methionine, CAS, 2) polished white rice, WHR, 3) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, LYS, 4) polished white rice plus0.40% methionine, MET, 5) polished white rice plus 0.30% threonine, THR, 6) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, 0.40% methionine, and 0.40% threonine, COM. Rice was cooked prior diet formulation using a 3 to 1 ratio of water to rice. Vitamins (AIN-76) and AIN minerals were added to all diets to meet NRC (1978) requirements. Rats fed CAS diets were significantly heavier on d 21 (P<0.05) than rats on COM, LYS, MET, THR, or WHR diets, (219.9 vs. 171.6, 153.2, 153.2, 148.3, or 155.4 g respectively). Supplementation of the most deficient essential amino acids, lysine (LYS) or methionine (MET) did not improve (P>0.05) rat performance over WHR fed rats, Average daily gain (ADG) for CAS was 6.1 g/d and ADG for LYS and MET was 3.0 g/d. The addition of threonine (THR) significantly (P<0.05) reduced ADG when compared to WHR diets (2.7 vs. 3.0 g/d). When rats were fed to COM diet significant (P<0.05) improvement in ADG was observed compared to WHR fed rats (4.8 vs. 3.0 g/d). The increased gains achieved with COM diet and the poor gains observed with the single amino acid diets (LYS, MET, or THR) would suggest that polished white rice is limiting in more than one essential amino acid.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asupan asam amino taurin dan korelasinya dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada darah pasien osteoartritis lutut. Pada osteoartritis terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara prooksidan dengan antioksidan sehingga menimbulkan keadaan yang disebut stres oksidatif. Antioksidan enzimatik superoksida dismutase berperan dalam mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif dengan cara memutus reaksi berantai radikal bebas sejak awal. Superoksida dismutase bekerja dengan cara mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida. Pada osteoartritis diketahui terjadi peningkatan superoksida dan penurunan aktivitas superoksida dismutase. Asam amino taurin merupakan asam amino yang terdapat dalam jumlah tinggi di tubuh namun tidak ikut berperan serta dalam sintesis protein. Asam amino taurin banyak terdapat dalam bahan makanan sumber protein hewani terutama ikan, daging dan hasil laut. Asam amino taurin mempunyai beberapa sifat antara lain sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan kondroprotektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengan melibatkan 56 subjek OA lutut yang direkrut melalui consecutive sampling. Asupan taurin diambil dengan metode FFQ semikuantitatif. Sampel aktivitas superoksida dismutase diambil dari darah dan diukur menggunakan RANSOD SD 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi dengan SPSS. Rerata usia adalah 50,75 6,17 tahun, sebanyak 89,3 berjenis kelamin perempuan. Median asupan asam amino taurin adalah 59,77 15,96-278,57 mg per hari. Median aktivitas superoksida dismutase adalah 274,97 152,48-360,97 unit/mL dan didapatkan sebanyak 64,3 subjek dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase yang meningkat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna dengan kekuatan lemah p = 0,034, r = 0,284 antara asupan asam amino taurin dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut. Kesimpulan: asupan asam amino taurin mungkin mempunyai peranan dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut.

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The aim of this research was to observe the correlation between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activities on knee osteoarthritis patients. In osteoarthritis there is an imbalance state between pro oxidant and anti oxidant causing oxidative stress. The enzymatic anti oxidant superoxide dismutase plays an important role in stopping the occurrence of oxidative stress by cutting off the free radicals rsquo chain reaction from the beginning. Superoxide dismutase works by catalyzing superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Osteoarthritis cases are known by the increase of superoxide and the decrease of superoxide dismutase activities. Taurine is an amino acid that is found abundant in human body that does not play a role in protein synthesis reaction. Taurine amino acid is found in several food sources including fish, meat, and seafood. Taurine amino acid has several characteristics including anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, and chondro protective. This study used cross sectional design with 56 knee osteoarthritis subjects recruited through consecutive sampling. Taurine intake was obtained by semiquantitative FFQ method. The superoxide dismutase activity sample was obtained from whole blood and measured using RANSOD SD 125 with spectrophotometric method. The statistical test used correlation test with SPSS. The mean age was 50.75 6.17 years old, with 89.3 of them were females. Median for taurine intakes was 59.77 15.96 ndash 278.57 mg per day. Median for the superoxide dismutase activities was 274.97 152.48 ndash 360.97 unit per ml, and 64.3 of the subjects with increasing superoxide dismutase activity. This research found a positive yet low significant correlation p 0,034, r 0,284 between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion The taurine amino acid intake may have a role with the superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Abstrak :
Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam. ......Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria. Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler.

Abstrak :
Antioksidan diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk menangkal radikal bebas yang ada . Sumber antioksidan dapat diperoleh dari vitamin maupun enzim. Salah satu antioksidan yang baik adalah glutathione (GSH) sintesis, isolasi dari yeast ekstrak hasil fermentasi broth. Karakterisasi yeast ekstrak sebagai antioksidan berupa asam amino. Dalam penelitian karakterisasi yeast ekstrak merujuk pada metode isolasi GSH, dengan memvariasi pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi menggunakan air panas dan etanol 25%. Dari variasi waktu dan pelarut ekstraksi akan diuji kandungan GSH dengan metode alloxan, untuk memperoleh kosentrasi maksimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolasi asam amino dengan pelarut air panas, pada waktu 15 menit lebih baik. Hasil ini kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi asam amino dengan metode HPLC dan LCMS. Asam amino yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan ialah methionine, pada pelarut air panas dengan metode HPLC kandungannya 4869,93 ppm dan metode LCMS kandungannya 3402,91 ppm dan pelarut etanol dengan metode LCMS kandungannya 4137,002 ppm. Karakterisasi asam amino nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber bahan baku kosmetik bernilai jual ekonomis. ...... Antioxidants are needed by the body for scavenge free radicals. Source of antioxidants can be obtained from vitamins and enzymes. One is a good glutathione (GSH) synthesis, isolation of yeast extract from fermented broth. Characterization of yeast extract as an antioxidant in the form of amino acids. In the characterization studies of yeast extract refers to the method of isolation of GSH, by varying solvent and extraction time using hot water and ethanol 25%. From the variation of time and solvent extraction will be tested with the GSH content of alloxan method to obtain the highest concentration. The results show the isolation of amino acids with a hot solvent at the time of 15 minutes is better. These results are then carried out the characterization of amino acids by HPLC and LCMS methods. Amino acid which has antioxidant activity is methionine, the hot water solvents with HPLC method 4869.93 ppm abortion and abortion LCMS method and 3402.91 ppm ethanol with LCMS method implies 4137.002 ppm. Characterization of amino acids can then be used as a source of raw materials economical cosmetics worth selling.

Abstrak :
Apoptin merupakan protein dari virus anemia ayam yang dapat menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker. Penggunaannya sebagai senyawa antikanker dapat mengatasi kelemahan metode kemoterapi. Deteksi massa molekular apoptin dilakukan dengan SDS-PAGE memiliki keberagaman hasil dan asam-asam amino rekombinan dalam apoptin disinyalir menyadi penyebabnya. Karakterisasi asam-asam amino rekombinan dalam apoptin untuk membuktikan hipotesis tersebut dilakukan dengan dua variasi rekombinan plasmid, yakni modifikasi 12 histidin dan modifikasi 12 histidin-8 arginin yang ditransformasikan pada Escherichia coli DH5α. Kedua variasi modifikasi plasmid ini mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama. Transformasi plasmid dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode heat shock dengan suhu 42oC dan bantuan CaCl2 dalam pembentukan sel Escherichia coli DH5α kompeten. Penentuan konsentrasi apoptin dilakukan dengan metode Lowry dan BSA sebagai protein standarnya. Deteksi massa molekular apoptin oleh metode SDS-PAGE dilakukan dengan konsentrasi gel sebesar 15% dan mendeteksi adanya pita protein di bawah 30 KDa. Uji karakterisasi asam amino yang dilakukan dengan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy menunjukkan bahwa adanya konsentrasi asam amino berlebih dalam apoptin sehingga meningkatkan deteksi massa molekularnya oleh SDS-PAGE. ...... Apoptin is a protein from chicken anemia virus which could induce tumor cell apoptotic. The use of apoptin as anticancer could overwhelm chemotheraphy weaknesses. Apoptin molecular weight detection conducted by SDS-PAGE had various results while the recombinant amino acids are the suspects. Recombinant amino acids characterization of apoptin in order to prove the hypothesis was conducted by two variants of recombinant plasmid, which were 12 histidine modification dan 12 histidine-8 arginine modification, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. These two variations were given the same treatment. Heat shock method was used in plasmid transformation at 42oC and CaCl2 treatment was used in order to create Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells. Apoptin concentration determination was conducted by Lowry method and BSA was used as protein standard. Molecular weight detection of apoptin by SDS-PAGE was conducted using 15% gel concentration and there was protein band detected below 30 KDa. Amino acids characterization test conducted indicate that there are excess amino acids concentration in apoptin as the cause of increasing molecular weight detection by SDS-PAGE.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pada kondisi inflamasi pulpa, terdapat penurunan dari jumlah protein dan asam amino. L-Arginine adalah asam amino semi-esensial karena berperan penting pada kondisi tertentu, gangguan imun berat dan luka bakar, yang membutuhkan asupan tambahan L-Arginine eksternal. Asam amino L-Arginine menjadi satu-satunya substrat sintesis nitric oxide (NO) dan poliamina berasal dari konversi L-Arginine menjadi ornithinen melalui arginase. NO dan poliamina merangsang proliferasi sel dan memiliki efek positif pada perkembangan melalui siklus sel. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi asam amino L-Arginine terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs. Metode: Evaluasi asam amino L- Arginine konsentrasi 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, serta DMEM sebagai kontrol terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs menggunakan uji cell count setelah 24 jam. Analisis statistic menggunakan Oneway ANOVA dengan post hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna potensi L-Arginine 300,400 dan 500 μmol/L dibandingkan kontrol, dan L- Arginine 500 μmol/L memiliki rerata proliferasi hDPSCs paling tinggi sebesar 436.666 sel/ml. Kesimpulan: Asam amino L-Argininee memiliki potensi terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs dan proliferasi tertinggi pada asam amino L-Arginine konsentrasi 500 μmol/L. ......Background: In the inflammatory condition of the pulp, there is a decrease in the amount of protein and amino acids. L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid because it plays an important role in certain conditions, severe immune disorders and burns, which require additional intake of external L-Arginine. The amino acid L-Arginine is the sole substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines derived from the conversion of L- Arginine to ornithine via arginase. NO and polyamines stimulate cell proliferation and have a positive effect on progression through the cell cycle. Objective: To determine the potential of L-Arginine amino acid on the proliferation of hDPSCs. Methods: Evaluation of L-Arginine amino acid with concentrations of 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, and DMEM as a control for hDPSCs proliferation using cell count test after 24 hours. Statistical analysis using Oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc. Results: There was a significant difference in the potency of L-Arginine 300,400 and 500 μmol/L compared to control, and L-Arginine 500 mol/L had the highest average proliferation of hDPSCs of 436.666 cells/ml. Conclusion: The amino acid L-arginine has the potential to proliferate hDPSCs and the highest concentration at 500 μmol/L.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Secondary iron overload pada thalassemia mayor terjadi karena eritropoiesis inefektif dan tranfusi berkala. Besi melebihi transferin sehingga banyak non transferin bound iron NTBI yang mengkatalisasi terjadinya ion radikal bebas yang merusak jaringan. Pengendapan besi pada saluran cerna mengakibatkan perubahan fungsi, kerusakan organ, gangguan ketersediaan asam amino. Iron overload dikurangi dengan kelasi besi. Transferin merupakan kelator alami tubuh terdiri asam amino dominan alanin, leusin, glisin, asam aspartat. Berdasarkan penelitian, pasien iron overload memiliki transferin lebih rendah dibandingkan non iron overload. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahi perubahan status besi, profil asam amino dan hubungan iron overload dengan profil asam amino. Parameter yang diteliti : besi serum, unsaturated iron binding capacity UIBC , total iron binding capacity TIBC , feritin, saturasi transferin, indeks transferin, alanin, leusin, glisin, asam aspartat. Desain penelitian kohort dengan 21 subjek, yaitu 13 thalassemia beta mayor dan 8 thalassemia beta HbE. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perubahan status besi bermakna yaitu peningkatan feritin pasca transfusi, penurunan feritin pasca kelasi 1 bulan, peningkatan kadar besi pasca kelasi 3 bulan. Perubahan asam amino bermakna yaitu penurunan alanin, leusin, serta peningkatan glisin pasca kelasi 1 bulan Terdapat hubungan kuat, bermakna searah antara indeks transferin dan alanin pre transfusi. Terdapat hubungan kuat, bermakna, searah antara indeks transferin dengan alanin dan glisin pasca transfusi.

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ABSTRACT
Secondary iron overload in thalassemia major occurs due to ineffective erythropoiesis and periodic transfusions. The excess of iron exceed transferrin so there are many non transferrin bound iron NTBI that induce tissue damaging free radical ion. Accumulation of iron in intestine can lead to changes in the function, organ damage, lack of amino acid availability. Iron overload can be reduced by iron chelation. Transferrin is the body 39 s natural chelator comprising of dominant amino acid alanine, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid. Research found that transferrin were lower in iron overload patients. This study aims to acquire the changes of iron status, amino acid profile, and correlation between iron overload and amino acid profile. Studied parameter were serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity UIBC , total iron binding capacity TIBC , ferritin, transferrin saturation, transferrin index, alanine, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid. The study design were cohort with 21 subjects consisted of 13 beta major thalassemia and 8 beta Hbe thalassemia. The result showed significant iron status changes ferritin increased post transfusion, ferritin decreased after 1 month chelation and serum iron increased after 3 months chelation. Significant amino acid profile changes decreased of alanine and leucine, and glycin increased after 1 month chelation. There rsquo s significant correlation between transferrin index and alanine pre transfusion. There rsquo s significant correlation between transferrin index and alanine, glycine after 3 month chelation.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Protein biomassa mikroba diharapkan menjadi sumber protein tambahan besar selama krisis pangan Limbah lumpur aktif telah dilaporkan mengandung nutrisi penting dan potensial sebagai pengganti protein non konvensional Protein terdiri dari asam amino dengan mengetahui cara efisien mengekstrak asam amino dari limbah lumpur aktif sangat penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman produksi protein intraseluler dari air limbah Terdapat tiga metode yang diusulkan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak asam amino dan asam amino bebas dari dua sumber lumpur limbah sintetis dan asli Metode 1 menggunakan ultrasonication untuk solubilisasi dan 32 wt HCl untuk 16 jam hidrolisis Metode 2 dibedakan menjadi dua metode solubilisasi a Alkali ultrasonication dan b Hanya alkali dilanjutkan dengan 6N HCl untuk 24 jam hidrolisis Metode 1 menghasilkan sedikit lebih tinggi dari ekstraksi total asam amino dengan total konten asam amino g g MLVSS 28 6 dan 24 0 dibandingkan dengan Metode 2a dengan 29 3 dan 21 6 untuk limbah sintetis dan limbah asli masing masingnya Secara signifikan Metode 2b memberikan hasil terendah dengan 11 6 pada limbah asli Dalam kesimpulan umum untuk skala limbah asli Metode 1 memberikan hasil yang terbaik untuk ekstraksi asam amino.

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ABSTRACT
Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein source during the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to contain important nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes. Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract amino acids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular protein production from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the amino acids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scale sludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for 16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline + ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl. Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a total amino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with 29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly, Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusion for full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.; Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein source during the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to contain important nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes. Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract amino acids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular protein production from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the amino acids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scale sludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for 16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline + ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl. Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a total amino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with 29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly, Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusion for full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.; Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein source during the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to contain important nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes. Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract amino acids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular protein production from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the amino acids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scale sludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for 16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline + ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl. Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a total amino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with 29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly, Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusion for full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction., Microbial biomass protein is expected to be the major supplementary protein source during the food crisis. Waste activated sludge (WAS) has been reported to contain important nutrients and is potential as non-conventional protein substitutes. Proteins are composed of amino acids, by knowing how to efficiently extract amino acids from WAS is crucial to improve the understanding of intracellular protein production from wastewater. Three methods were proposed to evaluate the amino acids and free amino acids extraction from two sludge sources; lab and full-scale sludge. Method 1 utilised ultrasonication for solubilisation and 32 wt% HCl for 16h hydrolysis. Method 2 differentiate to two solubilisation methods; a). Alkaline + ultrasonication and b). Alkaline only, followed by 24h hydrolysis with 6N HCl. Method 1 gave slightly higher result of total amino acids extraction with a total amino acids content (g/g MLVSS) 28.6% and 24.0% compared to Method 2a with 29.3% and 21.6%, for lab scale and full scale sludge, respectively. Significantly, Method 2b gave lowest result with 11.6% in full scale sludge. In general conclusion for full scale sludge, Method 1 gave the best result for amino acids extraction.]