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"Now in a fully updated Fifth Edition, Shnider and Levinson's Anesthesia for Obstetrics, continues to provide the comprehensive coverage that has made it the leading reference in the field. The rising number of Cesarean births and the more advanced age of first-time mothers in the United States have brought with them an increased risk for complications, making the role of the obstetric anesthesiologist increasingly"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anestesia obstetrik termasuk anestesia yang memiliki risiko tinggi dalam praktik anestesia. Perubahan fisiologi ibu selama kehamilan dan keberadaan janin merupakan tantangan yang unik untuk anestesia obstetrik. Baik kehamilan normal maupun obesitas, sama-sama mengalami perubahan anatomi dan fisiologi yang signifikan dan pengaruh anestesi yang hampir sama. Belum ada penelitian sebelumnya yang membandingkan tingkat keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal dalam posisi duduk bersila antara ibu hamil obes maupun ibu hamil bukan obes yang menjalani seksio sesarea. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSCM dan RSU Tangerang antara bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2016.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal pada posisi duduk bersila antara ibu hamil obes dan ibu hamil bukan obes yang menjalani seksio sesarea.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan open label study yaitu uji klinis terbuka dimana perlakuan sama-sama diketahui oleh subjek maupun pelaku anestesia. Ibu hamil yang menjalani seksio sesarea dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu obes O dan bukan obes NO . Pada keduanya dilakukan insersi jarum spinal dalam posisi duduk bersila. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penilaian tingkat keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal, persentase keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal, banyaknya kontak jarum spinal dengan tulang, dan kekerapan tusukan pembuluh darah.Hasil: Dari136 subjek penelitian, tidak ada yang termasuk kriteria penolakan dan pengeluaran. Keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal pada kelompok NO adalah 47 subjek 69,12 dan pada kelompok O 45 subjek 66,18 . Secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok NO dan kelompok O pada tingkat keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal p=0,714 , jumlah kontak jarum spinal dengan tulang p=0,591 , dan kekerapan tertusuknya pembuluh darah pada waktu insersi jarum spinal p=0,282 .Simpulan: Tingkat keberhasilan insersi jarum spinal yang dilakukan dalam posisi duduk bersila pada ibu hamil bukan obes tidak lebih baik jika dibandingkan pada ibu hamil obes.Kata Kunci: Insersi jarum spinal, posisi duduk bersila, ibu hamil obes dan bukan obes, kontak tulang, tusukan pembuluh darah

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ABSTRACTBackground Obstetric anesthesia is high risk in practice. The physiological changes during pregnancy and fetal wellbeing are unique challenges posed for obstetric anesthesia. Significant changes in anatomy and physiology along with anesthesia considerations are similar in normal and obese pregnancy. Up to this day, there are no studies comparing successful spinal needle insertion rate in cross legged sitting position between obese and non obese parturient undergoing caesarean section. This study was done in RSCM and RSU Tangerang between July August 2016.Aim This study aims to compare successful rate of spinal needle insertion in cross legged sitting position between obese and non obese parturient undergoing caesarean section.Method This was an open label study, which was an open clinical trial where treatment was known by subjects and anesthesiologist. Parturient undergoing caesarean section were categorized into two groups, which were obese O and non obese NO . Both of the groups had spinal needle insertion in cross legged sitting position. In this study, the variables assessed were the rate of successful spinal needle insertion, the percentage of successful spinal needle insertion, the frequency of spinal needle contact with bone, and the frequency of vein puncture.Result All 136 subjects were included in the analysis. The rate of successful spinal needle insertion in the NO group was 47 subjects 69.12 and 45 subjects in the O group 66.18 . This result was not statistically significant p 0.714 , along with the frequency of spinal needle contact with bone p 0.591 , and the frequency of vein puncture during spinal needle insertion p 0.282 .Conclusion The rate of successful spinal needle insertion in cross legged sitting position on non obese parturient was not better than on obese parturient.Key Words Spinal needle insertion, cross legged sitting position, obese and non obese parturient, bone contact, vein puncture."

"Latar Belakang: Penyuntikan obat anestesia spinal dosis tunggal diketahui menyebabkan hipotensi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dosis terbagi pada pasien obstetrik sehat, namun belum ada penelitian yang dilakukan pada pasien obsterik dengan penyulit hipertensi, khususnya di Indonesia. Hipotensi akibat anestesia spinal, khususnya pada pasien obstetrik dengan penyulit hipertensi, akan mengganggu kesejahteraan ibu dan janin. Tujuan: Membandingkan penurunan MAP dan kebutuhan efedrin, serta mengetahui level ketinggian blok antara teknik anestesia spinal dosis terbagi dengan dosis tunggal untuk bedah Sesar dengan penyulit hipertensi. Metode. Uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 42 pasien di RSU Kabupaten Tangerang yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok dosis terbagi (TB) dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan 2/3 dosis (1,5 ml), dilanjutkan 1/3 dosis sisanya (1 ml) setelah jeda 90 detik. Kelompok dosis tunggal (TU) dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan seluruh dosis dalam sekali bolus. Keduanya dilakukan dalam posisi duduk, menggunakan kombinasi obat anestesia spinal bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 10 mg dan fentanil 25 mcg (volume total 2,5 ml), kecepatan 0,2 ml/detik, barbotase £0,1 ml sebelum penyuntikan, serta pemberian coloading cairan kristaloid 5-10 ml/KgBB. MAP diukur sebanyak 7 kali, dan kebutuhan efedrin serta ketinggian blok dicatat. Analisis hasil menggunakan uji General Linear Model (GLM) untuk pengukuran berulang, uji Fisher dan Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Uji GLM menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antar waktu pengukuran antar kelompok (P >0,05), namun grafik garis menunjukkan trend MAP kelompok TB lebih tinggi pada 3 menit pertama dibandingkan kelompok TU. Penurunan MAP >20% terjadi lebih cepat pada kelompok TU (menit ke-3). Ketinggian blok sensorik keduanya terbanyak pada level T4 sebesar 11 subjek (52,4%) pada kelompok TB dan 9 subjek (42,9%) pada kelompok TU (P=0,59). Perbandingan dosis total pemakaian efedrin mendapat nilai median (range) kelompok TB sebesar 10 (0-25) mg dan kelompok TU sebesar 15 (0-30) mg (P=0,30). Simpulan: Penurunan MAP dan kebutuhan efedrin pada dosis terbagi tidak lebih kecil secara signifikan dibanding dosis tunggal, namun trend penurunan MAP >20% terjadi lebih lambat dan pemakaian efedrin lebih sedikit pada 3 menit pertama, dengan level ketinggian blok keduanya serupa.

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Background: Injection of a single bolus of local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia is known to cause greater hypotension than a fractionated dose in healthy obstetric patients, but no studies have been performed on obstetric patients with hypertensive complications, especially in Indonesia. Spinal hypotension will interfere to maternal and fetal well-being, particularly to mother with pregnancyinduced hypertension. Objective: Compare the decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ephedrin requirements, as well as to determine the level of sensory blockade between fractionated dose and single dose technique in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Single blinded randomized clinical trials of 42 patients at Tangerang District General Hospital who met the criteria were divided into two groups. The fractionated dose group (TB) was administered by injecting 2/3 of the total doses (1,5 ml) initially, followed by 1/3 of the remaining dose (1 ml) after 90 s. A Single dose group (TU) was performed by injecting all doses in one bolus. Both were performed in a sitting position, using a combination of 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg and fentanyl 25 mcg (total volume of 2,5 ml), with velocities 0,2 ml/sec, £0,1 ml barbotage before injection, and administration of 5-10 ml/KgBW crystalloids for co-loading. MAP was measured 7 times, as well as ephedrine requirement and level of sensory blockade were recorded. Analysis was performed using a General Linear Model (GLM) test for repeated measurements, Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The GLM test showed no significant differences between the time measurements between groups (P>0,05), but the line chart showed the TB group's trend of MAP was higher in the first 3 minutes than TU group. MAP decline >20% occured faster in TU group (minute-3). The level of sensory block was mostly at the T4 level of 11 subjects (52,4%) in TB group and 9 subjects (42,9%) in TU group (P = 0,59). The total dose of ephedrine requirement was in median (range) value of 10 (0-25) mg in TB group and 15 (0-30) mg in TU group (P = 0,30). Conclusion: MAP decline and ephedrine requirement in fractionated dose were not significantly smaller than single dose, but >20% decrease in MAP's trend occured more slowly and ephedrine requirement was less in the first 3 minutes, with similar level of sensory block in both groups."

"Thoroughly updated, the 5th edition of the Handbook of Neuroanesthesia is an essential guide to perioperative management of neurosurgical patients. Written in an outline format for quick reference, this handbook provides detailed information about the anesthetic management of neurosurgical and neuroradiologic procedures and the intensive care of neurosurgical patients as well as those who have sustained traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Each chapter also includes clinical cases, summaries, and chapter highlights, giving readers all the information needed to confidently put what they learned to use in real life neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care cases."