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"Harimau sumatera di penangkaran dapat menunjukkan perubahan perilaku dalambentuk perilaku stereotipe. Kegiatan tindakan medis pun dapat menyebabkancedera saat handling dan stres pada satwa. Teknik enrichment (pengayaan) sudahdikenal mampu mengurangi perilaku stereotipe dan stres harimau di penangkaran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi teknik environmental enrichment, food enrichment dan social enrichment pada harimau sumatera di Rescue Centre Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (Tambling), (2) mengevaluasi hubungan perilaku stereotipe dengan stres fisiologis harimau sumatera melalui rasio neutrofil per limfosit (Rasio N/L). Obyek penelitian ini ialah 4 ekor harimau sumatera (1 betina dan 3 jantan) di Rescue Centre Tambling. Kayu untuk environmentalenrichment, daging ayam segar untuk food enrichment dan positive reinforcementconditioning (PRC) untuk social enrichment harimau digunakan pada penelitian ini.Pengamatan perilaku harimau dilakukan selama 2 bulan (baseline) dan 2 bulan(post-enrichment) dengan metode focal animal sampling dalam radius <10 m.Koleksi sampel darah dilakukan 2 kali setelah pengamatan perilaku baseline danpost-enrichment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknik social enrichment palingefektif (Z = -,0730, P = 0,465<0,05) dibandingkan environmental & foodenrichment. Pemeriksaan medis dan tindakan medis dapat lebih mudah dilakukandengan PRC. Hasil rasio N/L tidak berkorelasi dengan perilaku stereotipe harimausumatera (x2 = 3, P = 0,392 > 0,05). Hasil rasio N/L tersebut menandakan bahwaperilaku sterotipe harimau merupakan bentuk coping mechanism di RC Tambling.

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Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock, 1929) shows behavioural change

such as stereotype behaviour in captivity as a wild carnivore. Handling wild animals

on medical procedures often cause stress and injury. Enrichment techniques are

well known for reducing tiger’s stereotype behaviour and stress. This research aims

to (1) evaluate suitable enrichment techniques (between food enrichment,

environmental enrichment and social enrichment) on Sumatran tiger and (2)

evaluate the correlation between stereotype behaviour and physiological stress

through neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L Ratio). This research was conducted at

Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre and 4 tigers as subjects (1

female, 3 males). Novel wood as environmental enrichment, fresh chicken meat as

food enrichment and positive reinforcement conditioning (PRC) as social

enrichment were used on this research. Behavioural observations were conducted

with focal continuous animal sampling in two months as a baseline and two months

post-enrichment. The distance between observer and the subject was within 10

metres. Blood sample collections were conducted twice after the behavioural

observations. The N/L ratio was counted on the field to minimize the damage of the

sample during transportation to the laboratory. The result showed that social

enrichment is the most effective (Z = -,0730, P = 0,465<0,05) compared to food

enrichment and environmental enrichment. Medical check-up and procedure could

be more convenient using PRC on the tiger. N/L ratio indicated there was no

significant correlation between stereotype behaviour and physiological stress (x2=

3, P = 0,392 > 0,05). The four"

"Seiring bertambahnya usia, kemampuan anak untuk melakukan perilaku berbohong cenderung meningkat. Salah satu motif yang menyebabkan anak berbohong adalah untuk melindungi perasaan orang yang disayang oleh anak. Perilaku berbohong ini disebut dengan prosocial lying. Prosocial lying adalah perilaku berbohong yang memiliki motif menguntungkan bagi orang lain, perilaku ini memiliki fungsi sosial dalam interaksi sehari-hari. Kemampuan berbohong menjadi salah satu indikasi perkembangan sosial dan moral pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran empati terhadap perilaku prosocial lying pada anak usia 7-11 tahun. Penelitian ini juga menguji peran faktor lain seperti semantic leakage control dan usia terhadap perilaku prosocial lying. Semantic leakage control merupakan kemampuan anak dalam mempertahankan kebohongan. Sebanyak 74 partisipan siswa/i SDN Beji 05 berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini (M= 9,11 , SD= 1,299). Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan disappointing gift paradigm serta kuesioner empati yang diberikan kepada orang tua siswa. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan hierarchical logistic regression. Analisis regresi menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan secara statistik pada dimensi affective χ2 = .281, p >.05, Nagelkerke R2 = .114 dan cognitive χ2 = .281, p > .05, Nagelkerke R2 = .114, namun analisis point biserial correlation menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hasil yang signifikan negatif antara prosocial lying dan usia partisipan rpb= -0,287, n=74, p<0,05. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa empati tidak menjadi prediktor prosocial lying, oleh sebab itu, perlu dilihat faktor lain yang menjadi prediktor prosocial lying lain nya seperti executive functions, parenting dan emotional understanding.

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As children grow older, their ability to engage in lying behavior tends to increase. One of the motives that leads children to lie is to protect the feelings of people they care about. This type of lying is called prosocial lying. Prosocial lying is a behavior that involves lying for the benefit of others and has a social function in daily interactions. The ability to lie is an indication of social and moral development in children. This study aims to examine the role of empathy in prosocial lying behavior in children aged 7-11 years. This research also tests the role of other factors such as semantic leakage control and age in prosocial lying behavior. Semantic leakage control is the ability of children to maintain a lie. A total of 74 participants from SDN Beji 05 elementary school participated in this study (M=9.11, SD=1.299). Data was collected using the disappointing gift paradigm and empathy questionnaires given to the parents of the students. The data obtained was then analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression. Regression analysis showed statistically non-significant results in the affective dimension χ2 = .281, p > .05, Nagelkerke R2 = .114 and cognitive dimension χ2 = .281, p > .05, Nagelkerke R2 = .114, but point biserial correlation analysis showed a significant negative result between prosocial lying and participant age rpb = -0.287, n = 74, p < 0.05. These results indicate that empathy is not a predictor of prosocial lying, therefore, other factors that may be predictors of prosocial lying, such as executive functions, parenting, and emotional understanding, need to be examined."