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"Studi ini membahas pendegradasian plastik biodegradableberbahan dasar campuran pati dan polietilen selama pengujian dengan metode uji reaksi enzimatik, konsorsia mikroba dan pengomposan. Oleh karena polimer plastik konvensional sulit untuk diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme lingkungan maka diperlukan evaluasi biodegradabilitas ketika merancang polimer plastik baru untuk pemakaian plastik biodegradable. Biodegradabilitas plastik berbahan dasar pati tersebut diukur melalui bentuk fisik dan penurunan berat plastik tersebut yang direpresentasikan oleh hasil pengamatan secara kasat mata dan persentase degradasi. Pengujian dengan metode uji reaksi enzimatik menggunakan enzim αamilase dan konsorsia mikroba dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Proses pengomposan diikutsertakan dalam pengujian untuk mengetahui proses degradasi/dekomposisi plastik biodegradableberbahan dasar pati di lingkungan pengomposan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan enzim αamilase mendegradasikan pati di dalam plastik berbahan dasar pati sebesar 18,74% untuk inkubasi selama 18 jam pada suhu 60°C. Hasil uji media cairan menggunakan konsorsia mikroba menunjukkan persentase degradasi plastik berbahan dasar pati tertinggi sebesar 34,43% pada minggu uji ke8 menggunakan konsorsia mikroba BioSAFERO. Sedangkan pada pengujian pengomposan persentasi degradasi tertinggi sebesar 26,14% pada minggu uji ke6.

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This study discusses about the degradation of biodegradable plastics made from a mixture of starch and polyethylene during the test with the test methods of enzymatic reactions, microbial consortia and composting. Because of the conventional plastic polymers are difficult to be degraded by environment microorganisms it is necessary to evaluate biodegradability of plastic when designing new polymers for the use of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradability of plastic made from starch was measured through physical shape and weight decreasing of plastic which is represented by the observation by naked eyes and the percentage of degradation. Testing method with enzymatic reaction using αamylase enzyme and microbial consortia conducted in laboratory scale. The composting process is included in the testing to find out the process of degradation/decomposition of starchbased biodegradable plastics in composting environments. The test results showed the αamylase enzyme in degrading starch in starchbased plastics by 18.74% to inbucation for 18 hours at 60°C. The results of liquid media using microbial consortia shows the degradation percentage of starchbased plastic high of 34.43% for eight weeks test using BioSAFERO microbial consortium. While the testing of composting highest degradation percentage of 26.14% on the test to six weeks."

"Penelitian mengenai plastik biodegradable sebagai pengganti plastik konvensional telah banyak dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini pati singkong digunakan sebagai matriks plastik dan dikombinasikan dengan hibrid filler yang terdiri dari CMC eceng gondok dan Polivinil Alkohol (PVA). CMC eceng gondok terlebih dahulu disintesis melalui tahap isolasi selulosa eceng gondok dan tahap reaksi sintesisnya. Kedua filler tersebut ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan properti mekanik dari plastik biodegradable. Pertama, gliserol sebagai plasticizer bersama dengan CMC eceng gondok dan PVA akan didispersikan dalam air demineralisasi dengan bantuan ultrasonic processor. Kemudian, pati singkong dimasukkan kedalam campuran lalu dipanaskan sampai kondisi gelatinasinya tercapai. Campuran tersebut dicetak dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase optimum filler yang digunakan agar menghasilkan kekuatan mekanik yang tinggi adalah 30% dari massa pati dilihat dari nilai kuat tarik dan modulus young sampel 1,5 PVA. Komposisi hibrid filler yang menghasilkan bioplastik paling kuat adalah 50% PVA dan 50% CMC eceng gondok dilihat dari hasil uji mekanik sampel 5PVA : 5CMC, dengan kuat tarik 16,19 MPa dan modulus young 197,97 MPa. Hasil soil burial test selama 6 hari, menunjukkan PVA menurunkan laju degradasi dari plastik berbasis pati singkong sebesar 8,3%, sementara CMC eceng gondok meningkatkan laju degradasi plastik berbasis pati singkong sebesar 5,66%.

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Research about the biodegradable plastic as a subtutite of the conventional plastic have been be conducted since a few years ago. In this research, cassava starch are used as the matrix of the plastic and are combined with the hibrid filler that consist of CMC water hyacinth and PVA. CMC water hyacinth first synthesized through a phase of water hyacinth cellulose insulation and synthesis reaction stage. Both of the filler are added to improve mechanical properties of the biodegradable plastic. First, gliserol as a plasticizer together with CMC water hyacinth and PVA are dispersed in demineralized water use ultrasonic processor. Then, cassava starch are poured into the mixture then it is heated until the gelatination condition is reached. That mixture is casted and dried use oven.

The result showed the optimum percentage of filler that is used to produce a high mechanical strength is 30% of the massa of starch views of the value of tensile strength and Young?s modulus of 1,5PVA sample. The composition of hybrid filler that produces the most powerful bioplastic is 50% PVA and 50% CMC water hyacinth seen from the results of mechanical tests of samples 5PVA : 5CMC, with a tensile strength of 16,19 MPa and 197,97 MPa Young?s modulus. results of Soil Burial Test for 6 days, showed PVA reduce the rate of degradation of cassava starch ?based plastics by 8,3%, while CMC water hyacinth increase the degradation rate of cassava starch ? based plastics by 5,66%."