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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Asam mefenamat merupakan obat yang termasuk ke dalam Biopharmaceutical Classification System kelas dua dengan kelarutan rendah dan daya tembus membran yang tinggi, sehingga laju pelarutan menjadi tahap yang membatasi laju absorpsi obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pembentukan kristal terhadap karakteristik kokristal asam mefenamat-asam tartrat. Kokristalisasi dibuat menggunakan metode pelarutan dengan proses pembentukan kristal dalam suhu kamar dan suhu dingin. Formulasi asam mefenamat dan asam tartrat dibuat dengan perbandingan 2:0,5, 1:1, dan 2:1. Berdasarkan uji morfologi dan difraksi sinar-x, terjadi perubahan bentuk dan ukuran kristal pada formulasi 2:1. Formulasi 2:1 pada kristalisasi dalam suhu dingin dengan DE(5) sebesar 25,42% memiliki laju pelarutan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan asam mefenamat standar dan kristalisasi pada suhu kamar. Hasil uji termal dan spektroskopi inframerah menunjukan tidak adanya interaksi berupa ikatan hidrogen antara asam mefenamat dengan asam tartrat. Peningkatan laju pelarutan yang di sebabkan oleh perubahan bentuk dan ukuran kristal menghasilkan penurunan energi peleburan dari 164,7653 J/g menjadi 154,1789 J/g dan 135,2607 J/g.

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ABSTRACT
Mefenamic acid is a drug that belongs to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System class two with low solubility and high permeability membrane so that the rate of dissolution becomes rate limiting step of drug absorption. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of crystal formation temperatures on the characteristics of co-crystal mefenamic acid-tartaric acid. Co-crystallization was made using a dilution methods with the process of crystal formation using cooling at room temperatures and cold temperatures. Formulations of mefenamic acid and tartaric acid is made with a ratio of 2:0,5, 1:1, and 2:1. Based on morphological tests and x-ray diffraction, the changes in shape and size of the crystals was on the formulation of 2:1. Crystallization in the 2:1 formulation at cold temperatures with DE(5) of 25.42% have higher dissolution rate than mefenamic acid and crystallization at room temperature. The test results of thermal and infrared spectroscopy showed no presence of hydrogen bonding interaction between mefenamic acid with tartaric acid. Increasing the rate of dissolution is caused by changes in shape and size of the crystals resulting a decrease in fusion energy from 164.7653 J / g to 154.1789 J / g and 135.2607 J / g.

Abstrak :
The book addresses the basics, applications, and manufacturing of plasmid biopharmaceuticals. The survey of the most relevant characteristics of plasmids provides the basics for designing plasmid products (applications) and processes (manufacturing). Key features that the authors include in the book are: i) consistency and clear line of direction, ii) an extensive use of cross-referencing between the individual chapters, iii) a rational integration of chapters, iv) appellative figures, tables and schemes, and v) an updated, but selected choice of references, with a focus on key papers.

Abstrak :
Post genomics drug discovery and research explores and discusses some of the most important topics in post-genomics life and biopharmaceutical sciences. It provides an introduction to the field, outlining examples of many techniques currently used, as well as those still under development, which are important for the research of biopharmaceutical discovery in the post-genomics era. Integrates several developing and cutting-edge technologies and methods like bioinformatics, experimental therapeutics, and molecular recognition Includes discussion on topics such as : computer-aided ligand design, peptide and protein chemistry and synthesis, synthesis of active natural products, and the use of emerging technologies like proteomics, nanotechnology, or bioengineering.