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"Covid-19 merupakan fenomena penyakit menular yang membuat kelompok-kelompok tertentu mengalami kerentanan. Adapun penyakit diabetes yang dikategorikan oleh para ahli kesehatan sebagai komorbid Covid-19, sehingga menjadikannya rentan secara fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengetahuan dan persepsi risiko Covid-19 pada penderita diabetes dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur sebagai data sekunder. Kasus ini menjelaskan bahwa penderita diabetes memiliki pengetahuan Covid-19 mencakup transmisi dan pencegahan penularan. Pengetahuan melalui proses memercayai, yang mana didapat melalui media dan pengalaman. Para penderita diabetes menganggap bahwa Covid-19 sebagai sesuatu yang berbahaya dan berisiko, dalam gejala yang dapat menjadi berat dan risiko kematian. Risiko Covid-19 salah satunya konsekuensi biaya perawatan Covid-19 dan tuntutan isolasi mandiri. Para penderita diabetes menganggap penting mengetahui pencegahan penularan serta risiko yang timbul sehingga tidak mengalami kerugian. Pengetahuan dan persepsi risiko pada penderita diabetes tidak terlepas dari latar belakang sosial budaya dan ekonomi. Pengetahuan menjadi bagian dari pembentukan persepsi dalam melihat risiko.

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Covid-19 pandemic is an infectious disease phenomenon that makes some certain communities become vulnerable. Diabetes found of health professionals belongs morbidity group of Covid-19, that makes diabetics physically vulnerable. This research discusses about knowledge and risk perception of Covid-19 among diabetics prevent of Covid-19 transmission. The methods used in this research were in-depth interviews and secondary data collection. This diabetic case explain that diabetics had prevention of transmission knowledge. Knowledge shaped by ways of knowing process which came from media and experience. Covid-19 consider be dangerous and risky by diabetics because the probabilities of getting severe symptoms and death. Some of those risks of Covid-19 is the cost of treatment and self-isolation. It was considered important to have knowledge, transmission, and risks of Covid-19 and diabetes to decrease loss. Knowledge and risk perception are inseparable from socioeconomic background. Knowledge become a part of perceiving risk."

"COVID-19 menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Manifestasi klinis berupa tanpa gejala hingga dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kematian pasien COVID-19 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari Formulir Penyelidikan Epidemiologi di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2 Maret-20 Desember 2020). Sampel adalah pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 berdasarkan RT-PCR, usia >=18 tahun, dicatat keadaan terakhirnya: hidup atau meninggal, terdata di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, dan berasal dari Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Pasien yang sedang menjalani isolasi mandiri dan dirawat dieksklusi dari penelitian ini. Analisis regresi Cox dari 100.540 sampel menunjukkan variabel yang meningkatkan risiko kematian pasien COVID-19 adalah laki-laki (RR = 1,28 [IK95%: 1,11-1,47]; p=0,001), usia 40-59 tahun (RR = 5,62 [IK95%: 4,37-7,23]; p<0,001), usia >=60 tahun (RR = 12,99 [IK95%: 10,03-16,81]; p<0,001), sesak napas (RR = 2,50 [IK95%: 2,06-3,03]; p<0,001), pneumonia (RR = 5,39 [IK95%: 4,14-6,59]; p<0,001), pasien yang dirawat di ICU (RR = 2,20 [IK95%: 1,61-2,99]; p<0,001), hipertensi (RR = 1,25 [IK95%: 1,01-1,55]; p=0,042), serta hipertensi sekaligus penyakit jantung (RR = 1,58 [IK95%: 1,17-2,13]; p=0,003). Interaksi hipertensi dan penyakit jantung mengindikasikan interaksi sinergistik (ICR>0).

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COVID-19 is a global health problem. Clinical manifestations are asymptomatic to death. This study aims to determine the risk factors for death of COVID-19 patients in DKI Jakarta Province. The study design was a retrospective cohort using secondary data from the Epidemiological Investigation Form at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office (2 March - 20 December 2020). The sample is a confirmed patient of COVID-19 based on RT-PCR, age 18 years, the last condition recorded: alive or dead, recorded at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, and comes from the DKI Jakarta Province. Patients who were self-isolating and being treated were excluded from this study. Cox regression analysis of 100,540 samples showed that the variables that increased the risk of death of COVID-19 patients were male (RR = 1.28 [95% CI: 1.11-1.47]; p = 0.001), age 40-59 years (RR = 5.62 [95% CI: 4.37-7.23]; p<0.001), age 60 years (RR = 12.99 [95% CI: 10.03-16.81]; p<0.001), shortness of breath (RR = 2.50 [CI 95%: 2.06-3.03]; p<0.001), pneumonia (RR = 5.39 [CI95%: 4.14-6.59]; p<0.001 ), patients admitted to the ICU (RR = 2.20 [95% CI: 1.61-2.99]; p<0.001), hypertension (RR = 1.25 [95% CI: 1.01-1.55] ; p=0.042), and hypertension as well as heart disease (RR = 1.58 [95% CI: 1.17-2.13]; p=0.003). The interaction of hypertension and heart disease indicates a synergistic interaction (ICR>0)."

"Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak pada sektor industri, termasuk industri hulu migas. Pekerja lapangan Hijau di PT. P tetap bekerja secara luring. Upaya pencegahan diterapkan oleh perusahaan namun kasus konfirmasi masih ditemukan, dapat dikatakan risiko penyebaran COVID-19 di tempat kerja tetap ada. Kecemasan dapat menyerang semua tingkatan perkerjaan, tidak terkecuali pekerja hulu migas yang dapat menurunkan produktifitas kerja dan berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Diperlukan kajian persepsi risiko dan kecemasan pekerjaan di lapangan Hijau PT. P agar diketahui seberapa efektif upaya yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam hal pengendalian COVID-19 di tempat kerja.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi risiko penyebaran COVID-19 di tempat kerja dengan kecemasan pada pekerja hulu migas di Lapangan Hijau PT. P.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 50 pertanyaan dari 9 dimensi paradigma psikometri untuk mengetahui gambaran persepsi risiko dan 7 pertanyaan kecemasan dengan alat ukur Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale 7 (GAD-7) disebarkan secara daring kepada pekerja lapangan Hijau PT. P (n=234) menggunakan google form di bulan April-Mei 2022. Uji validitas dan reabilitas dilakukan terhadap butir kuesioner. Butir kuesioner akan valid bila rHitung > rTabel (0,279 pada N=50) serta reliable bila nilai Cronbach’s alpha  > 0.7. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, uji korelasi dilakukan dengan Spearman’s rank correlation test dengan batas signifikansi sebesar 0,05 (alpha = 5%).Hasil: Hasil dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa butir kuesioner tentang persepsi risiko memiliki kisaran corrected item-total correlation antara 0,351-0,695 (valid) dan nilai Cronbach’s alpha 0,929 (reliable). Butir kuesioner tentang kecemasan memiliki kisaran corrected item-total correlation antara 0,491-0,817 (valid) dan nilai Cronbach’s alpha 0,911 (eliable). Rata-rata dimensi berada pada kisaran nilai 2,35-3,71 (skala 4), dimensi yang memiliki nilai tertinggi adalah pengendalian risiko dengan rata-rata 3,71. Dimensi ketakutan dipersepsikan paling rendah dengan rata-rata 2,35. Persepsi risiko secara keseluruhan memiliki rata-rata 3,42 dimana 56% pekerja memiliki persepsi risiko yang baik. persepsi risiko pekerja dengan usia < 30 tahun, > 40 tahun dan pendidikan tinggi memiliki persepsi lebih baik dibandingkan pekerja dengan usia 30-40 tahun dan pendidikan menengah. 224 pekerja (95,7%) tidak mengalami kecemasan. Sebanyak 10 orang (4,3%) pekerja menunjukkan kecemasan ringan. Tidak ada pekerja yang mengalami kecemasan sedang dan berat. Hubungan persepsi risiko dan kecemasan diketahui tingkat signifikansi 0,74 (p>0,05) yang berarti tidak ada hubungan antara persepsi risiko pekerja dengan kecemasan yang dialami terhadap penyebaran COVID-19 di tempat kerja.Kesimpulan: Persepsi pekerja Lapangan Hijau PT. P terhadap risiko penyebaran COVID-19 di tempat kerja cukup baik. Pekerja memiliki keyakinan bahwa risiko telah dapat dikontrol dengan baik dari sisi upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan maupun individu, namun pekerja merasa bahwa risiko penyebaran COVID-19 masih cukup besar sehingga masih harus diturunkan. Upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyebaran COVID-19 dan komunikasi kampanye Kesehatan yang telah diterapkan oleh Perusahaan dinilai sudah cukup efektif. Perusahaan perlu tetap mempertahankan upaya yang dilakukan dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19 sesuai penilaian risiko berdasarkan perkembangan situasi yang terjadi. Bagi pekerja yang mengalami kecemasan ringan perusahaan perlu mendalami lebih lanjut untuk mencari penyebab kecemasan yang dialami sehingga dapat dicari solusinya.

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Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all types of industries, including oil & gas industry. In spite of that, workers of Hijau Field at PT. P still work offline. Despite company’s policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have been implemented, COVID-19 cases are still found in the workplace, means that the risk of spread of COVID-19 in the workplace is still present. Anxiety can affect anyone in every job sector including oil & gas workers which can decrease work productivity and potentially causing incident at work. Analysis of risk perception and anxiety level in lapangan Hijau PT. P is needed to understand the effectiveness of the company’s efforts in controlling COVID-19 in the workplace.

Objective: This study aimed to study association between COVID-19 risk perception and anxiety at workplace on oil and gas upstream workers at Hijau Field PT. P.

Methods: The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design. 50 questions from the 9 dimensions of the psychometric paradigm to understand the risk perception and 7 questions on anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale 7 (GAD-7) to the workers of lapangan Hijau PT. P (n=234) were launched using Google Form in April-May 2022. Validity and reliability test have been applied to the questions. The questions are valid if rCount > rTable (0,279, N=50) and reliable if Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The normality test is done with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the correlation test is done with Spearman’s rank correlation test with significance level of 0.05 (alpha = 5%).

Results: The result of the validity and reliability test shows that the questions on risk perception have the range of corrected item-total correlation between 0,351 – 0,695 (valid) and the value of Cronbach’s alpha 0,929 (reliable). Questions on anxiety have the range of corrected item-total correlation between 0,491 – 0,817 (valid) and the score of Cronbach’s alpha 0,911 (reliable). The dimensions’ average lies between 2.35-3.71 (scale 4), with the highest dimension being Risk Control with average 3.71. Fear dimension is perceived the lowest with the average 2.35. Overall risk perception average is 3.42 where 56% of workers have good risk perception. Risk perception of workers below 30 years old, above 40 years old, and higher education is better than workers that in the age between 30-40 years old and middle education. 224 workers (95.7%) do not experience anxiety. 10 workers (4.7%) show symptoms of mild anxiety and none experienced medium and severe anxiety. The relationship between risk perception and anxiety known significant level 0,74 (p>0,05), which means there is no correlation between the risk perception of workers and anxiety caused by the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace.

Conclusion: Perception of workers of Hijau Field PT. P towards the risk of spread of COVID-19 in the workplace is good. Workers are of the opinion that the risk is controlled adequately by the efforts implemented by company and individuals. However, workers still consider that the risk of spread of COVID-19 still considerable to be reduced. The efforts of the prevention and countermeasures to the spread of COVID-19 and the health campaign that have been implemented by the company are considered effective. The company needs to maintain the efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in accordance with risk assessment based on the development of the current situation. For the workers experiencing mild anxiety, the company needs to give attention to understand the cause of the anxiety to find the solution."

"Sebagian besar kaum emerging adult setidaknya mengetahui bahaya dari COVID-19, tetapi belum tentu semuanya berkeinginan untuk mematuhi himbauan menetap di rumah. Hal ini diprediksi oleh perbedaan persepsi risiko yang dimiliki, mengingat mereka tidak termasuk kelompok yang rentan berdampak parah jika terinfeksi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengetahuan tentang COVID-19 mempengaruhi intensi kaum emerging adult menetap di rumah selama masa pandemi dengan dimediasi oleh adanya persepsi risiko tertular COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan bersifat non-eksperimental. Data diperoleh dengan kuesioner self-report (N = 308) dan dianalisis menggunakan Hayes PROCESS Macro model 4. Hasil indirect effect menunjukkan bahwa persepsi risiko memediasi penuh hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan intensi (ab = .08; 95% CI [.04, .14]). Mengetahui hal-hal seputar COVID-19 terlebih dulu membentuk persepsi bahwa individu berisiko tertular COVID-19, sebelum pada akhirnya memunculkan intensi untuk menetap di rumah. Dengan ini, dibutuhkan pesan kesehatan masyarakat yang efektif untuk memperluas pengetahuan emerging adult terkait bahaya COVID-19, sehingga mereka menyadari bahwa mereka tetap berisiko tertular dan perlu menetap di rumah selama masa pandemi sebagai implementasi perlindungan kesehatan diri maupun orang sekitar.

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Most emerging adults are at least aware of the dangers of COVID-19, but not all of them are willing to comply with stay-at-home orders. This is predicted by the differences in their perception of risk, considering that they are not classified as a group that is vulnerable to severe impacts if infected by COVID-19. This study aims to see how COVID-19 knowledge affects emerging adults’ stay-at-home intention during the pandemic, which is mediated by the risk perception of contracting COVID-19. This study used a cross-sectional, non-experimental design. Data were obtained by self-report questionnaire (N = 308) and analyzed using Hayes PROCESS Macro model 4. The indirect effect result showed that risk perception fully mediates the relationship between knowledge and intention (ab = .08; 95% CI [.04, .14]). Knowing things about COVID-19 forms the perception that individual is at risk of contracting COVID-19, before finally raising the intention to stay at home. Therefore, an effective public health message is needed to expand emerging adults’s knowledge regarding the COVID-19’s dangers, so they realize that they are also at risk of contracting the virus and need to stay-at-home during the pandemics as an implementation of protecting the health of themselves and those around them."

"Latar belakang: COVID-19 menginfeksi semua kelompok umur, namun beban infeksi lebih tinggi dan lebih berbahaya pada kelompok usia lanjut. Pasien yang mengalami infeksi akut COVID-19 juga bisa mengalami gejala menetap yang disebut dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19, khususnya pada lansia. Belum ada data yang menunjukkan prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia dan juga faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia serta meneliti hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif yang menggunakan rekam medis dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data terkait keberadaan faktor-faktor risiko dan gejala menetap pasca perawatan infeksi akut COVID-19.Hasil: Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 329 pasien lansia (≥60 tahun) yang sempat dirawat akibat COVID-19 di RSCM dan RS Mitra Keluarga Kalideres pada 1 Januari-31 Desember 2021. Prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia adalah sebesar 31%, 18,24%, dan 10,64% dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu, secara berurutan. Clinical Frailty Scale rawat inap (OR 2,814 [IK 95% 1,172-6,758) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 4,767 [IK95% 2,117-10,734]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >4 minggu. Selanjutnya, jumlah gejala awal (OR 2,043 [IK95% 1,005-4,153]), konstipasi rawat inap (OR 2,832 [IK95% 1,209-6,633]), imobilitas rawat inap (OR 2,515 [IK95% 1,049-6,026]), dan instabilitas rawat inap (OR 2,291 [IK95% 1,094-4,800) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >8 minggu. Gangguan pendengaran dan penglihatan follow-up (OR 2,926 [IK95% 1,285-6,665]) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 3,684 [IK95% 1,507-9,009]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >12 minggu.Kesimpulan: Infeksi akut dengan ≥ 5 gejala, adanya frailty dan sindrom geriatri, khususnya imobilitas saat perawatan, berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia.

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Background: COVID-19 infects all age groups, but the burden of infection is higher and more dangerous in the elderly. Patients with acute COVID-19 infection can also experience persistent symptoms called Post-Covid-19 Syndrome, especially elderly. No data show the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and examine the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome by using the definition of time > 4 weeks, > 8 weeks. , and >12 weeks.

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study that uses medical records and interviews to obtain data regarding risk factors and persistent symptoms after treatment of acute COVID-19 infection.

Results: This study is followed by 329 elderly patients (≥60 years) who had been treated because of COVID-19 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mitra Keluarga Kalideres Hospital from January 1st until December 31st, 2021. the prevalence of Post COVID-19 Syndrome in the elderly was 31%, 18.24%, and 10.64% using the time definition of >4 weeks, >8 weeks, and >12 weeks, respectively. Clinical Frailty Scale during hospitalization scores (OR 2.814 [95% CI 1.172-6.758]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 4.767 [95% CI 2.117-10.734]) were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >4 weeks. Furthermore, number of initial symptoms (OR 2,043 [CI95% 1.005-4.153]), constipation during hospitalization (OR 2.832 [CI95% 1.209-6633]), immobility during hospitalization (OR 2,515 [95% CI 1,049-6.026]), and instability during hospitalization (OR 2,291 [CI 95% 1,094-4,800]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >8 weeks. In addition, impairment of visual and hearing during follow-up (OR 2,926 [95% CI 1,285-6,665]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 3,684 [95% CI 1.507-9,009]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >12 weeks.

Conclusions: Acute infection with ≥ 5 symptoms, frailty, and geriatric syndrome, especially immobility during hospitalization, were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly."