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Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Penggunaan kafein lebih direkomendasikan dalam tatalaksana apnoe of prematurity (AOP) karena selain memberikan efektivitas yang tidak berbeda, namun juga memiliki keuntungan terapeutik lain dibandingkan teofilin atau aminofilin. Dalam kondisi ketersediaan kafein yang masih terbatas di Indonesia, RSAB Harapan Kita mengupayakan penggunaan sediaan kafein oral terhadap pasien bayi prematur yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif neonatologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui capaian kadar kafein dalam plasma neonatus prematur yang mendapatkan kafein oral tersebut. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini mengumpulkan data rekam medis serta mengambil sampel darah untuk mengukur kadar kafein dalam darah neonatus prematur selama periode Maret – Agustus 2022 di RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta dengan kriteria insklusi neonatus dengan usia gestasi 35 minggu atau kurang yang mendapat terapi kafein. Jenis kafein yang digunakan adalah caffeine base oral dengan dosis inisial 10mg/kgBB dan dilanjutkan dengan dosis rumatan 2,5 mg/kgBB/hari. Pengukuran kadar kafein dalam darah dilakukan setelah hari terapi kelima dengan menggunakan metode GCMS/MS. Hasil: Terdapat 33 subjek neonatus prematur yang diobservasi secara klinis serta dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar kafein dalam darah, dengan median usia gestasi 32 minggu (kisaran 25 – 34 minggu) dan rerata berat badan lahir 1296,8 (±307,8) gram. Sebanyak 97% subjek mencapai kisaran kadar terapeutik kafein pada keadaan steady state (4,49 – 20,63 mg/L). Subjek yang mengalami gejala AOP di hari terapi kafein ketujuh sebanyak 30,3%, mayoritas (27,2%) merupakan apnea tipe campuran. Efek samping yang paling banyak ditemui pada subjek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan diuresis. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas neonatus prematur yang mendapat caffeine base oral mencapai target kadar kafein darah 5 – 25 mg/L disertai penurunan kejadian AOP. Efek samping yang tersering adalah peningkatan diuresis namun tidak disertai kemaknaan klinis. ......Introduction: The use of caffeine is more recommended for the management of apnea of ​​prematurity (AOP) because, in addition to providing no difference in effectiveness, it also has other therapeutic advantages over theophylline or aminophylline. Because of the limited availability of caffeine in Indonesia, Harapan Kita National Women and Children Health Center seeks to use oral caffeine preparations for premature infants treated in the neonatology intensive care unit. This study aims to determine the achievement of caffeine levels in the plasma of premature neonates who received oral caffeine. Methods: This cross sectional study collected medical records and took blood samples to measure blood caffeine levels of preterm infants born in the period March – August 2022 at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of neonates with a gestational age of 35 weeks or less and received caffeine therapy. The type of caffeine used was an oral caffeine base with an initial dose of 10mg/kg and continued with a maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day. Measurement of caffeine levels in the blood was carried out after the fifth day of therapy using the GCMS/MS method. Results: There were 33 preterm infants who were clinically observed and tested for caffeine levels in the blood, with a median gestational age of 32 weeks (range 25-34 weeks) and a mean birth weight of 1296.8 (±307.8) grams. A total of 97% of subjects reached the therapeutic range of caffeine levels at a steady state (4.49 – 20.63 mg/L). Subjects who experienced AOP symptoms on the seventh day of caffeine therapy were 30,3%, the majority (27,2%) were mixed type apnoe. The most common side effect found in the subjects of this study was an increase in diuresis. Conclusion: Most of the preterm infants who received oral caffeine base achieved targeted blood caffeine levels of 5 – 25 mg/L with reduced incidence of AOP. The most common side effect was increased diuresis but there was no clinical significance.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Biji kopi hijau arabika Coffea arabica L. banyak mengandung senyawa kimia aktif seperti senyawa fenolik dan kafein. Senyawa fenolik telah diteliti memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis seperti pengontrol berat badan. Pada penelitian ini, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent NADES digunakan sebagai pelarut ekstraksi untuk memperoleh kadar fenolik total dan kafein yang optimum dari biji kopi hijau arabika. NADES yang digunakan asam laktat dan glukosa dalam berbagai rasio. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction UAE . Kondisi ektraksi dilakukan dengan tiga parameter yaitu rasio NADES, rasio pelarut dan sampel, dan waktu ekstraksi. Hasil ekstraksi cair dilakukan penetapan kadar fenolik menggunakan microplate reader dan penetapan kadar kafein menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi KCKT . Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology RSM . Senyawa fenolik dan kafein berhasil diekstraksi menggunakan NADES dan metode UAE. Kondisi optimum untuk memperoleh kadar optimum keduanya berbeda. Kondisi optimum ekstraksi senyawa fenolik yaitu rasio NADES 5:1, rasio pelarut-sampel 15:1 mL/g, dan waktu ektraksi 15 menit run 8 dengan kadar 314,55 mg GAE/g indeks desirability 0,594 . Kondisi optimum ekstraksi senyawa fenolik yaitu rasio NADES 5:1, rasio pelarut-sampel 75:1 mL/g, dan waktu ektraksi 60 menit run 11 . Kondisi optimum ekstraksi kafein yaitu rasio NADES 5:1, rasio pelarut-sampel 75:1, dan waktu ekstraksi 60 menit dengan kadar kafein 1,019 mg/g indeks desirability 1,000 . Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam laktat-glukosa dapat menarik senyawa fenolik dan kafein dari biji kopi Arabika.

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ABSTRACT
The Arabica green coffee bean Coffea arabica L. contains many active chemical compounds such as phenolics and caffeine. Phenolics have been studied to have various biological activities such as weight control. In this study, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent NADES is used as an extraction solvent to obtain the optimum total phenolic and caffeine content of arabica green coffee beans. NADES used are lactic acid and glucose in various ratios by using method of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction UAE method. Extraction conditions were carried out with three parameters the ratio concentration of NADES, solvent solid ratios, and extraction time. Determining the phenolic content used microplate reader and the determination of caffeine content used High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC . The analysis was performed by using Response Surface Methodology RSM . Phenolic compounds and caffeine were successfully extracted by using NADES and UAE methods. The optimum conditions to obtain optimum levels of both are different. The optimum conditions of extraction of phenolic compound were NADES in ratio 5 1, solvent ratio 15 1 mL g, and extraction time 15 min run 8 with 314.55 mg GAE g desirability index 0.594 . The optimum conditions of extraction of phenolic compounds were NADES 5 1 ratio, solvent sample ratio of 75 1 mL g, and extraction time of 60 min run 11 . The optimum conditions of caffeine extraction were NADES 5 1 ratio, 75 1 solvent sample ratio, and 60 min extraction time with caffeine content of 1.019 mg g disirability index 1.000 . Based on this research, it can be concluded that lactic acid glucose can attract phenolic compounds and caffeine from Arabica beans.