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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Menghilangkan seluruh bakteri, khususnya E. faecalis di dalam saluran akar masih menjadi masalah dalam perawatan saluran akar karena bentuknya yang ireguler di sepertiga apikal. Jumlah kunjungan perawatan endodontik konvensional yang berulang juga masih di rasakan tidak praktis. Pemakaian laser terapi foto dinamik dan kalsium hidroksida dalam bentuk larutan adalah upaya menemukan teknik dan bahan untuk eliminasi tersebut. Mengetahui sifat-sifat spesifik bakteri berupa keragaman genotip dan karakter fenotip yaitu perilakunya terhadap perubahan lingkungan, diharapkan akan dapat menemuka tekanik dan medikamen terbaik untuk sterilisasi saluran akar. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan jumlah dan karakter genotip bakteri E. faecalis di saluran akar yang mengalami infeksi intra radikuler primer dan persisten serta menganalisis perubahan karakter fenotip pada kasus infeksi intra radikuler persisten setelah mendapat perlakuan dengan laser terapi foto dinamik dan larutan kalsium hidroksida 50%. Material dan Metode: Bakteri E. faecalis diisolasi dari saluran akar kemudian dilakukan penentuan tipe genotip cps nya. Perubahan karakter fenotip dilakukan dengan melihat sensitivitas, profil protein dan profil kapsul polisakarida dengan di beri perlakuan menggunakan sinar laser foto dinamik terapi dan larutan kalsium hidroksida 50%. Hasil: Sensitivitas bakteri E. faecalis terhadap Laser foto dinamik terapi dan kalsium hidroksida 50% yang diaplikasikan selama 60 detik pada infeksi intra radikuler persisten efektif dalam sterilisasi saluran akar. Kesimpulan: Laser foto dinamik terapi dan kalsium hidroksida 50% dapat menyebabkan perubahan sensitivitas, profil protein dan profil kapsul polisakarida pada genotip cps 1, 2 dan 5 bakteri E. Faecalis pada infeksi intra radikuler persisten. ......Background: Eliminating all bacteria, especially E. faecalis in the root canal remains a problem in root canal management due to its irregular shape at one third of apical area. The repeating endodontic visits also seem to be less practical. Utilization of photo dynamic laser and calcium hydroxide solution therapy is an attempt in finding the suitable technique and materials for eliminating this issue. Knowledge of specific characters of bacteria such as the various genotypes and the phenotype character, which is its behavior towards environmental changes, is expected to be helpful in finding the best technique and medicament for root canal sterilization. Objective: Analyse the amount and genotypic characters difference of E. faecalis in the root canal affected with primary and persistent intra radicular infection and analyse phenotypic character changes in persistent intra radicular infections cases after application of photo dynamic laser and 50% calcium hydroxide therapy. Material and Method: E. faecalis was isolated from the root canal and its cps genotype was determined. Phenotypic character changes were observed with sensitivity, protein profiling and polysaccharide capsule profiling after getting photo dynamic laser and 50% calcium hydroxide 50% therapy. Results: E. faecalis sensitivity towards photo dynamic laser and 50% calcium hydroxide treatment for 60 seconds acquired from persistent intra radicular infection was effective in root canal sterilization. Conclusion: Photo dynamic laser and 50% calcium hydroxide therapy can change the sensitivity, protein profile, and polysaccharide capsule profile of cps 1, 2 and 5 genotype E. faecalis in persistent intra radicular infection.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Minyak nabati digunakan sebagai sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan pelumas sebagai pengganti pelumas mineral karena tidak seperti pelumas mineral, minyak nabati adalah sumber daya alam berkelanjutan yang dapat terurai secara hayati dengan ekotoksisitas rendah. Biopelumas disintesis melalu transesterifikasi minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit mentah di mana gliserida bereaksi dengan alkohol dan katalis membentuk ester alkil asam lemak dan alkohol. Katalis heterogen dapat memberikan rute baru untuk produksi biopelumas yang ramah lingkungan. Katalis ini memberikan efisiensi konversi yang lebih tinggi daripada katalis homogen. Katalis heterogen partikulat dapat dengan mudah dipisahkan dari produk mengikuti reaksi yang memungkinkan katalis untuk digunakan kembali, menghasilkan lebih sedikit limbah, dan mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit energi. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini, kalsium hidroksida (Ca(OH)2) digunakan sebagai katalis heterogen, dengan proses kalsinasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi katalis, dilakukan analysis XRD (X ray powder diffraction). Keberhasilan penelitian ini diperoleh dari sifat fisik dan kimia biopelumas menurut standar biopelumas melalui uji viskositas, densitas, titik nyala, titik awan, FTIR, dan GCMS. Hasil yield tertinggi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah 73.72% dengan minyak kelapa sebagai bahan baku, katalis Ca(OH)2 yang dikalsinasi, rasio methanol terhadap minyak 12:1, jumlah katalis 8% (terhadap minyak), waktu reaksi 3 jam, dan suhu reaksi 65°C.

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ABSTRACT Vegetable oil is used as a feedstock to produce lubricant as the substitute of mineral oil because unlike mineral oil, vegetable oil is a biodegradable and sustainable natural resource with low eco toxicity. Bio lubricant was synthesized by transesterification of coconut oil and crude palm oil in which a glyceride reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst forming fatty acid alkyl esters and an alcohol. Heterogeneous catalyst can provide new routes for the environmentally benign production of biolubricant. It provides higher conversion efficiency than a homogeneous catalyst. Particulate heterogeneous catalysts can be readily separated from products following reaction allowing the catalyst to be reused, generating less waste, and consuming less energy. Thus, in this research, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is used as the heterogeneous catalyst, prepared using calcination. To find out the characterization of the catalyst, XRD (X ray powder diffraction) analysis is used. The success of this research is obtained by the physical and chemical properties of biolubricant according to commercial biolubricant standard through viscosity, density, flash point, FTIR, and GCMS test. The highest yield obtained from this research is 73.72% with coconut oil as the feedstock, calcined Ca(OH)2 catalyst, 12:1 methanol to oil ratio, 8% catalyst amount (in relation to oil), 3 hours reaction time, and 65C reaction temperature.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 62-68 An inadequate endodontic treatment may affect the root canat system and spread beyond its apical foramina that elicit periodontal tissue developing into abcess, granuloma and radicular cyst. Periapical lesions can be treated with non surgical endodontic treatment using calcium hydroxide dressing. This case study is reporting teeth 11 with periapical lesions and infection. Evidence of a clinical healing and radiographic assessments were followed by a non surgical endodontic therapy. Successful treatment outcome is related to the elimination of infection agents from the root canal. This can activate a stimulation zone to promote regeneration. Calcium hydroxide used as a root canal dressing may promote alkalinity at the adjacent tissue, create favourable enviromental condition in which hard tissue formation can occur, interfere the bactericidal activity, increase mineralization, and induce healing.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Perawatan endodontik regeneratif (ER) adalah perawatan yang dirancang untuk menggantikan struktur gigi yang rusak secara fisiologis. Penggunaan medikamen pada prosedur perawatan ER menggunakan Calcium hydroxide yang telah ditentukan sebagai bahan medikamen utama yang ditetapkan American Association of Endodontik (AAE). Bahan medikamen lainnya seperti Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) juga banyak digunakan pada perawatan ER dalam konsentrasi 1 mg/ml. Tujuan: Mengetahui sitotoksisitas medikamen Ca(OH)2, TAP, dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap sel punca pulpa.Cs) yang telah 80% confluent (telah melalui uji stem cell marker CD 90 98%, CD 105 88,7%, CD 73 94%, LinNeg 0,5%) dan mencapai P3-P4 dilakukan starvation 24 jam,  diberikan perlakuan berupa Ca(OH)2, TAP 0,1 dan 1 mg/ml dan kombinasi Ca(OH)2dan TAP 0,1 dan 1 mg/ml dengan DMEM sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan viabilitas dan sitotoksisitas hDPSCs dengan uji kuantitatif MTT assay dan uji kualitatif pewarnaan DAPI. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan sitotoksisitas kombinasi medikamen Ca(OH)2 + TAP 0,1 mg/ml dan Ca(OH)2 + TAP 1 mg/ml dibandingkan dengan Ca(OH)2, TAP 0,1 mg/ml dan TAP 1 mg/ml terhadap sel punca pulpa. Kesimpulan: Bahan medikamen Ca(OH)2, TAP, dan kombinasi keduanya tidak toksik terhadap sel punca pulpa. ......Background: Regenerative endodontic treatment (ER) is a treatment designed to replace damaged tooth structure physiologically. In regenerative endodontic treatment (ER) procedures, the medicament used is calcium hydroxide, which has been determined as the primary medicament recommended by the American Association of Endodontics (AAE). Another medicament used in ER treatment is Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), typically at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity of Ca(OH)2, TAP, and their combination on dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods: Primary human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), which have reached 80% confluence (tested for stem cell markers CD90 98%, CD105 88.7%, CD73 94%, LinNeg 0.5%), and have reached passages 3rd to 4th, were subjected to 24-hour starvation. They were then treated with Ca(OH)2, TAP at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/ml, and a combination of Ca(OH)2 and TAP at the same concentrations, with DMEM as the control. The viability and cytotoxicity of hDPSCs were observed using the quantitative MTT assay and qualitative DAPI staining. Results: There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity between the combination of Ca(OH)2+ TAP 0.1 mg/ml and Ca(OH2 + TAP 1 mg/ml compared to Ca(OH)2  0.1 mg/ml and TAP 1 mg/ml in dental pulp stem cells. Conclusion: The medicaments Ca(OH)2, TAP, and their combination are not toxic to dental pulp stem cells.