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"Pada konflik bersenjata, perlindungan penduduk sipil merupakan bagian terpenting dalam hukum humaniter internasional, terlebih lagi dengan adanya suatu fenomena baru dalam prakteknya, yaitu penggunaan penduduk sipil yang dijadikan human shield untuk menahan serangan lawan. Penerapan ini juga dikaitkan dengan kasus yang terdapat di ICTY mengenai praktek human shield ini. masalah Sistem Pertahanan Rakyat Semesta yang dianut oleh Indonesia juga menjadi permasalahan apakah termasuk dalam praktek penggunaan human shield atau bukan. Pengertian mengenai penduduk sipil dan perlindungan yang didapatkan terhadap penggunaan human shield yang terjadi pada kasus dan Sistem Pertahanan Rakyat Semesta menjadi pembahasan utama dalam skripsi ini.

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In armed conflict, the protection of the civilians is an important part of international humanitarian law, especially with the existence of a new phenomenon in its practice, whic using the civilians as human shield to deter the opponent's attack. The application has also been associated with cases contained in the ICTY's practice of human shield therein. The Total Defence System problem which adopted by Indonesia is also a problem whether its practice is constitue of using human shields or not. The comprehension of the protection of civilians and the use of human shields in the case of the People's Total Defense System became the main discussion in this paper."

"This book explores the role of gender in influencing war-fighting actors' strategies towards the attack or protection of civilians. Traditional narratives suggest that killing civilians intentionally in wars happens infrequently, and that the perpetration of civilian targeting is limited to aberrant actors. Recently, scholars have shown that both state and non-state actors target civilians, even while explicitly deferring to the civilian immunity principle. This book fills a gap in the accounts of how civilian targeting happens, and shows that these actors are in large part targeting women rather than some gender-neutral understanding of civilians. It presents a history of civilian victimization in wars and conflicts, and then lays out a feminist theoretical approach to understanding civilian victimization. It explores the British Blockade of Germany in World War I, the Soviet 'Rape of Berlin' in World War II, the Rwandan genocide, and the contemporary conflict in northeast Nigeria. Across these case studies, the authors lay out how gender is key to how war-fighting actors understand both themselves and their opponents, and therefore plays a role in shaping strategic and tactical choices. It makes the argument that seeing women in nationalist and war narratives is crucial to understanding when and how civilians come to be targeted in wars, and how that targeting can be reduced. This book will be of much interest to students of critical security, gender studies, war studies and IR in general"

"The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War introduces law students and undergraduates to the law of war in an age of terrorism. What law of armed conflict/​international humanitarian law applies to particular armed conflicts? Does that law apply to terrorists as well? What is the status of participants in an armed conflict? What constitutes a war crime? What is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are rules of engagement? What weapons are lawful and unlawful, and why? This text takes the reader through these essential questions of the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law to an awareness of finer points of battlefield law. The U.S.-weighted text incorporates lessons from many nations and includes hundreds of cases from jurisdictions worldwide"