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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum atau cleft lip and palate (CLP) merupakan kelainan kongenital multifaktorial yang mengakibatkan pasien memiliki defek pada jaringan lunak dan keras di bagian bibir dan palatum. Pasien celah bibir dan palatum umumnya menderita gangguan estetik dan fungsi stomatognatik. Sehingga, untuk mengembalikan fungsinya maka harus dilakukan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang alveolar. Baku emas dalam perawataan ini ialah menggunakan autologous bone grafting. Namun, perawatan ini masih memiliki kekurangan sehingga dikembangkan perawatan yang baru dengan teknik rekayasa jaringan dengan sel punca mesenkim. Salah satu sumber sel punca mesenkim yaitu berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi yaitu sel punca pulpa gigi permanen atau dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) dan sel punca pulpa gigi sulung atau stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED). Kemampuan osteogenik dari sel punca merupakan salah satu faktor pertimbangan untuk pemakaian sel dalam rekayasa jaringan rekonstruksi tulang. Sementara kemampuan osteogenik dari SHED dan DPSCs CLP belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi kemampuan dan perbandingan potensi osteogenik dari sel punca gigi permanen dan sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan melihat ekspresi gen Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1). Metode: Sampel RNA yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi RNA sel jaringan pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum diuji dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Collagen Type-I (COL1A1) dan Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil: Ekspresi relatif gen ALP pada sel punca pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan sel punca gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Sementara untuk ekspresi gen COL1A1 pada sel punca pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum tidak memiliki perbedaan dibandingkan dengan sel punca gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Kesimpulan: Sel punca pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki potensi kemampuan osteogenik dikarenakan keduanya mengekspresikan gen marker osteogenik seperti ALP dan COL1A1. ......Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a multifactorial congenital disorder that results in patients having soft and hard tissue defects in the lips and palate. Patients with cleft lip and palate commonly suffer from aesthetic and stomatognathic function disorders. Therefore, to restore its function, alveolar bone reconstruction treatment must be done. The gold standard in this treatment is to perform autologous bone grafting. However, as autologous bone grafting still has associated shortcomings, new treatments using tissue engineering techniques with mesenchymal stem cells are being developed. One of the mesenchymal stem cells sources that can be used is derived from dental pulp tissue, namely permanent dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and primary dental pulp stem cells or stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED). Osteogenic ability of the stem cells is one of the factors considered for the use of cells in tissue engineering bone reconstruction. Osteogenic ability of SHED and DPSCs hasn’t been fully explored. Objective: To determine the potential ability and to compare osteogenic potential of DPSCs and SHED from cleft lip and palate patients by looking at the expression of the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1) genes. Methods: RNA samples obtained from RNA cells extraction in deciduous and permanent dental pulp tissue of patients with cleft lip and palate were tested with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) primers, Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1) primers and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primers as housekeeping gene. Results: The relative expression of ALP genes in SHED from CLP patients decreased compared to DPSCs from patients with CLP. As for the expression of the COL1A1 gene, there was no difference in expression between SHED from patients with cleft lip and palate and DPSCs in patients with cleft lip and palate. Conclusion: SHED and DPSCs CLP has osteogenic abilities.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum merupakan salah satu kelainan bawaan yang menyebabkan defek jaringan keras sehingga dikembangkan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang berbasis teknik rekayasa jaringan sebagai alternatif perawatan. Sumber sel stromal mesenkim dapat diperoleh dari pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen sudah banyak dilaporkan. Pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum, terdapat gen-gen yang diekspresikan berbeda dan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi perbandingan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum melalui deposisi kalsium. Metode: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik selama 21 hari kemudian dilakukan pewarnaan Alizarin Red dan kuantifikasi terhadap deposisi kalsium. Hasil: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen yang dikultur menggunakan medium osteogenik menunjukkan adanya deposisi kalsium yang tinggi. Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung dan gigi permanen tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nilai rerata absorbansi, intensitas pewarnaan, dan area pewarnaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p ≥ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik yang ekuivalen dengan sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. ......Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies resulting in hard tissue defects therefore tissue engineering is currently developed as an alternative treatment. The source of mesenchymal stromal cells can be obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp (DPSCs). Osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs have been widely studied. In cleft lip and palate patients, there are several differentially expressed genes and the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have not yet been known. Purpose: To compare the osteogenic differentiation abilities of SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients by calcium deposition. Methods: SHED and DPSCs isolated from cleft lip and palate patients were cultured using osteogenic medium for 21 days then added Alizarin Red staining and the calcium deposition were quantified. Result: Both SHED and DPSCs that cultured in osteogenic medium demonstrated high calcium deposition. SHED and DPSCs did not show any statistically significant differences in the average absorbance values, staining intensity, and staining areas (p ≥ 0,05). Conclusion: SHED and DPSCs in cleft lip and palate patients have equivalent ability of osteogenic differentiation by calcium deposition.