Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
This book will examine current issues and controversies in the design of clinical trials, including topics in adaptive and sequential designs, the design of correlative genomic studies, the design of studies in which missing data is anticipated. Each chapter will be written by an expert conducting research in the topic of that chapter. As a collection, the chapters would be intended to serve as a guidance for statisticians designing trials.

Abstrak :
Diantara peneliti ada perbedaan temuan klinis hasil ASST pada urtikaria kronik idiopatik (UKI). Tanuus dkk (1996) melaporkan tidak ada perbedaan klinis bermakna pada UKI, sedangkan Sabroe dkk (1999) menemukan perbedaan bermakna dalam hal durasi dan gatal pada UKI. Prevalensi urtikaria pada Rumah Sakit Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang memperlihatkan peningkatan tetapi tidak ada data mengenai UKI dan derajat gambaran klinis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mencari hubungan antara hasil ASST dengan derajat gambaran klinis UKI dan membandingkan gambaran klinis UKI dengan hasil ASST positif dan ASST negatif. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lima puluh empat subjek diikutkan dalam studi setelah diseleksi. Persetujuan etik didapatkan dari Unit Bioetik dan Humaniora FK Unsri. Anamnesis UKI berupa gambaran klinis berupa skor klinis dan data hasil pemeriksaan fisik dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS. Korelasi Spiermann digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan diantara derajat gambaran klinis UKI dengan hasil ASST. Ada hubungan bermakna diantara tingkat keparahan klinis UKI dengan hasil ASST (p=0,00; 0,598). Pasien UKI dengan skor 27 (nilai cut-off) 11 kali lebih sering menderita urtikaria autoimun daripada pasien dengan nilai cut-off dibawah 27 (p=0,00). ......There were differences in clinical finding among authors about autologous serum skin test/ASST result in chronic idiopathic urtikaria/CIU. Tanus et al (1996) reported there was no significant differences in clinical features of CIU, whereas Sabroe et al (1999) found significant differences in duration and itch of CIU patients. The prevalence of urticaria in General Hospital Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang showed increased tendency but there was no data about CIU and the severity of clinical features. The objectives of this study were to find out the significant correlation between ASST and severity of clinical features of CIU, and compared the difference of clinical features of CIU with and without positive ASST. This study was an observational analytic study, with cross sectional design. Fifty four subjects included in this study after following selection. Ethical approval was obtained from Bioethics and Humanities Unit, Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University and Dr. Moh. Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The clinical feature of 54 patients with CIU were evaluated. The data of physical examination and the anamnesis about clinical scores collected and analyzed using SPSS software and Spierman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between clinical severity of CIU and ASST result. Student?s t-test was used to analyze the differences in clinical severity of CIU with and without positive ASST. There was significant correlation between the severity clinical feature of CIU and ASST result (p=0,00 ; R=0,598). Patients with positif ASST results (46,3%) had more duration of illness (0,00), higher pruritus score (0,00), and angiodema score (0,024). The CIU patients with severity clinical score of 27 (cut-off point), 11 times more likely to develop autoimmune urticaria than the patients with cut-off below 27 (p=0,00)

Abstrak :
In the past few years the authors of this 5th edition, as teachers and research supervisors in academic and top-clinical facilities, have been able to closely observe the latest developments in the field of clinical data analysis, and they have been able to assess their performance. The novel methods are explained using practical examples and step-by-step analyses readily accessible for non-mathematicians. All of the novel chapters have been internationally published by the authors in peer-reviewed journal, including the American Journal of Therapeutics, the European Journal of Clinical Investigation, The International journal of Clinical Pharmacology and therapeutics, and other journals, and permission is granted by all of them to use this material in the current book. They firmly believe that any reader can benefit from this clinical approach to statistical data analysis.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) bertujuan untuk menstandardisasi manajemen perioperatif dan meningkatkan luaran klinis. Implementasi ERAS pada total knee replacement (TKR) mengurangi mortalitas, transfusi, komplikasi, dan length of stay (LOS) tanpa mempengaruhi readmisi. Studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi ERAS pada pasien TKR unilateral di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain klinis acak tersamar tunggal di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Fatmawati, Jakarta, dengan 55 pasien TKR unilateral berusia 60-70 tahun dengan OA grade III-IV sebagai subjek. Metode analisis data melibatkan SPSS dengan uji normalitas, Chi-square, T tidak berpasangan, dan Mann Whitney untuk menilai efektivitas ERAS dibandingkan dengan protokol konvensional. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa protokol ERAS meningkatkan skor Knee Special Score (KSS) (p=0,001, mean difference=4,09) dan Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (p<0,001, mean difference=4,98), serta mengurangi durasi rawat inap (p<0,001, mean difference=-2,15 hari) dan nyeri pascaoperasi (p<0,001, mean difference=-2,01) dibandingkan protokol konvensional. Faktor pre-operatif dan post-operatif seperti usia, komorbiditas, dan mobilisasi dini memberikan pengaruh terhadap durasi lama rawat inap. ERAS efektif menurunkan nyeri pascaoperasi dan meningkatkan skor KSS serta OKS. Integrasi edukasi praoperatif, manajemen nyeri, mobilisasi dini, dan perawatan perioperatif komprehensif meningkatkan hasil fungsional. Kesimpulan: Program ERAS secara signifikan memperbaiki skor KSS, OKS, mengurangi durasi rawat inap, dan menurunkan nyeri pascaoperasi pada pasien TKR unilateral dibandingkan protokol konvensional. ......Introduction: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) aims to standardize perioperative management and improve clinical outcomes. ERAS implementation in total knee replacement (TKR) reduces mortality, transfusions, complications, and length of stay (LOS) without affecting readmissions. This study aims to evaluate ERAS in unilateral TKR patients in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilized a single-blind randomized clinical trial design at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and RS Fatmawati, Jakarta, involving 55 unilateral TKR patients aged 60-70 years with grade III-IV OA. Data analysis methods included SPSS, normality tests, Chi-square, independent T-tests, and Mann Whitney tests to evaluate the effectiveness of ERAS compared to conventional protocols. Result: The results show that the ERAS protocol improves Knee Society Score (KSS) (p=0.001, mean difference=4.09) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (p<0.001, mean difference=4.98) scores, reduces length of stay (p<0.001, mean difference=-2.15 days), and decreases postoperative pain (p<0.001, mean difference=-2.01) compared to conventional protocols. Discussion: Pre-operative and post-operative factors such as age, comorbidities, and early mobilization influence the length of stay. ERAS effectively reduces postoperative pain and improves KSS and OKS scores. Integrating preoperative education, pain management, early mobilization, and comprehensive perioperative care enhances functional outcomes. Conclusion: The ERAS program significantly improves KSS, OKS scores, reduces length of stay, and decreases postoperative pain in unilateral TKR patients compared to conventional protocols.

Abstrak :
Summary: Critical appraisal is now accepted as central to the development of rational health care and evidence-based medicine, by applying it to questions of aetiology, clinical therapy, and health care management. The reader will learn how to assess the strengths and weaknesses of new studies, and how to conduct their own studies