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"Evaluasi kinerja gasifikasi unggun tetap aliran kebawah dengan umpan sekam padi untuk pembangkit listrik dual-fuel dengan daya keluaran pada terminal generator 100 kw dilaksanakan di Pabrik Diesel Boma Bisma lndra Surabaya. Pengujian ini dilakukan pada beban yang bervariasi dari 50 %, 75% dan 100 % dari kapasitas terpasang dengan fraksi bahan bakar sekam padi 80 % dan bahan bakar solar 20 %. Komposisi gas hasil gasifikasi pada beban penuh menghasilakan adalah H2 = 6,27 %, CO = 19,40 %, CH4 = 3,74 %, C2H6 = 2,45 % dan C3H8 = 0,44 % serta dari 20 % fraksi minyak solar sehingga mampu menghasilkan daya pada terminal generator 100 kw. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh pemakaian sekam padi spesifik rata-rata masing-masing 2,53 kg/kw jam, 1,34 kg/kw jam dan 1,47 kg/kw jam. Sedangkan konsumsi bahan bakar minyak solar spesifik masing-masing 0,382 liter/kw-jam, 0,3224 liter/kw-jam 0,2887 liter/kw-jam, sehingga mampu mencapai efisiensi termal masing-masing 13,2 %, 16,77 % dan 15,36 % dibandingkan dengan menggunakan bahan bakar minyak solar (fraksi 100%) masing-masing 22,63 %, 26,73 % dan 29,79 %.Analisis limbah cair PH masih dalam daerah yang diizinkan, namun terdapat limbah cair maksimal yang melebihi ketentuan Baku mutu antara lain: COD, BOD dan phenol, sehingga perlu penangan lebih lanjut sebelum instalasi gasifier tersebut dioperasikan secara komersial.Perhitungan perbedaan biaya opersi bahan bakar spesifik antara bahan bakar campuran umpan sekam padi dengan fraksi 80 % dan minyak solar 20 % dibandingkan dengan hanya menggunakan bahan bakar minyak solar dengan fraksi 100 dengan menggunakan Net Present Value (NPV) menunjukkan angka yang berarti. Perbedaan tersebut yaitu NPVsebesar = Rp. 375.358.052,91 atau biaya energi Rp 168,78 per kwh atau dalam bobot 187,06 %. Dari evaluasi kelayakan investasi dihitung dengan menggunakan NPV, Internal Rates of Return (IRR) dan Payback Period, harga jual energi listrik Rp. 444,00 per kWH, tingkat suku bunga bank 18 %, umur ekonomis selama 5 tahun, maka diperoleh NPV = Rp. 7.855.151,54 dan IRR = 19,36 % serta waktu pengembalian 38,76 bulan.

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Down Draft Gasifier performance evaluation using duel fuel which 80 % rice husk fraction for Diesel Power Plant had a capacity 100 kW at the generator terminal output. The reliability test for 500 running hours had been conducted in Boma Bisma Indra Diesel Factory Surabaya in August 2001. Performance test have been conducted at 50 % load, 75 % load and 100 % load respectively, which 80 % rice husk fraction and 20 % high-speed diesel oil. The test result of gas composition at full load are as follows: H2 = 6,27 %, CO = 19,40 %, CH4 = 3,74 %, C2H6 = 2,45 % and C3H8 = 0,44 %. The average specific rice husk consumption at part load, nominal load and full load are respectively 2,53 kg/kWh, 1,34 kg/kWh and 1,47 kg/kWh. Meanwhile the specific fuel consumption of 20 % high-speed diesel oil fraction are respectively 0,382 liter/kWh, 0,3224 liter/kWh 0,2887 liter/kWh, and had got the thermal efficiency are respectively 13,2 %, 16,77 % and 15,36 %. Those all thermal efficiency less then if we are compared to 100 % high speed diesel oil fraction as follow 22,63 %, 26,73 % and 29,79 %.Waste water analyses have been taken from down stream of gasifier and scrubber with the result as follows: PH is good but COD, BOD and phenol had a value higher then environmental restriction, so that if we want to take this gasifier installation for the commercial operation it is necessary to treat COD, BOD and phenol for the first.The result for the operating cost calculation has the significant different fuel cost between using duel fuel (80 % rice husk fraction and 20 % high speed diesel oil) and using 100 % high-speed diesel oil fraction. The evaluation method using Net Present Value (NPV) had a result as follows: the different fuel cost (NPV different) are Rp. 375.358.052,91 or in specific energy cost Rp 168,78 per kWH or 187,06 % in weighed. Capital budgeting decision are calculated with the NPV, Internal Rates of Return (ORR) and Payback Period method with condition of the energy sales Rp. 444,00 per kWH, interest rates 18 %, economic life time for 5 years, we got NPV = Rp. 7.855.151,54 and /RR = 19,36 % and also payback period for 38,76 month."

"Gasifier biomassa merupakan suatu alat yang dapat mengkonversi biomassa seperti dari tumbuhan dan hewan menjadi gas sintetik (synthetics gas/syngas). Output dari gasifier biomassa ini sendiri berupa syngas yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi sumber energi panas atau energi listrik. Hal tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan kelangkaan energi tak terbarukan seperti minyak dan batubara pada masa ini dan tentunya untuk masa yang akan datang. Dengan menggunakan gasifier biomassa, diharapkan masyarakat di Indonesia dapat menghasilkan energi terbarukan melalui media biomassa. Efisiensi merupakan hal yang diharapkan pada kasus gasifier dan untuk kontrol motor gasifier sendiri masih melibatkan operator. Reaksi pada reaktor di gasifier sendiri memiliki banyak parameter yang berpengaruh, salah satunya reaksi termokimia yang sangat random. Untuk itu pada penelitian sebelumnya, dilakukan studi literatur terhadap penggunaan ANN pada kasus gasifier yang bertujuan untuk memprediksi temperatur beberapa saat ke depannya. Hasilnya adalah lebih disarankannya penggunaan RNN pada kasus gasifier, dikarenakan dianggap lebih suitable dengan time-series data dari gasifier. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengimplementasikan prediksi temperatur dengan LSTM untuk keperluan efisiensi dan efektivitas running gasifier biomassa itu sendiri. LSTM sendiri merupakan pengembangan dari algoritma SimpleRNN. Metode pengambilan data sendiri dilakukan dengan mengambil data pada Gasifier Prototipe 2. Hasil dari implementasi prediksi temperatur dengan LSTM sendiri pada penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil R Squared beragam, dimulai dari 0.75, 0.84 dan juga 0.96 ke atas (0.97 dan 0.99). R squared pada penelitian ini adalah korelasi antara variabel data actual dan prediction. Dengan hasil seperti itu maka dapat disimpulkan sudah semakin akurat nya model yang dibuat.

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Biomass gasifier is a device that can convert biomass such as from plants and animals to synthetic gas (synthetics gas/syngas). The output of the biomass gasifier itself is in the form of syngas which can be used as a source of heat or electrical energy. This is done based on the scarcity of non-renewable energy such as oil and coal at this time and of course for the future. By using a biomass gasifier, it is hoped that people in Indonesia can produce renewable energy through biomass media. Efficiency is what is expected in the case of a gasifier and to control the gasifier motor itself still involves the operator. The reaction in the reactor in the gasifier itself has many influential parameters, one of which is a very random thermochemical reaction. For this reason, in previous studies, a literature study was carried out on the use of ANN in the case of the gasifier which aims to predict the temperature for a while to the studio. The result is that it is more advisable to use RNN in the case of the gasifier, because it is considered more suitable for the time series of the gasifier. This study aims to implement temperature prediction with LSTM for the purposes of efficiency and effectiveness of running the biomass gasifier itself. LSTM itself is a development of the SimpleRNN algorithm. The data retrieval method itself is carried out by taking data on the Gasifier Prototype 2. The results from the implementation of temperature prediction/forecasting with the LSTM itself in this study, the results of R Square are varied, starting from 0.75, 0.84 and also 0.96 and above (0.97 and 0.99). R squared in this study is the correlation between the actual and predicted data variables. With such results, it can be ascertained that the model made is accurate."

"Gasification is a thermo chemical process for converting solid fuel such as coal, wood and other biomass into fuel gas that consists of the components CO, H2, CH4, CO2 and N2. Gasification technology is increasingly in demand due to oil fuel price is more expensive. And of course gasification technology must also be able to maintain continuity of Producer gas if want to compete in the world of industry. The research objective was to study the characteristics of gasification with coconut shell fuel. Type of gasification reactors that used is a downdraft fixed bed gasifier. This study aimed to obtain the temperature profile in the gasifier during operation, flow rate, flame visualization of combustion of producer gas and calculation aspects thermodynamic. The purpose of the above studies carried out to operating the gasifier for 12 hours with the primary air flow rate and suction blower that optimum. Gasification process use coconut shell with Equivalence ratio 0.423. The best efficiency of the current study scored 78.8 %; LHV from producer gas acquired 1070.49 kcal/m3."