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"Intra-abdominal infection (IAIs) have different aspects to consider. One important aspect is the microbiological analyses, especially in the era of broad spread of resistant microorganisms. The study was designed to describe the clinical characteristics and microbiological profiles of community acquired IAIs. An observational study was performed on medical records of 12 months period (January to December 2013) in a general hospital, Karawaci, Tangerang. Adult patients undergoing surgery for IALs with positive microbiological culture and identification of microorganisms were included. Data collected were clinical characteristics and microbiological profiles and were analyzed statistically using the SPSS version 17. In 12 month period of study, 17 patients of IALs with a total 17 intra peritoneal specimens microorganism dominantly gram-negative bacilli. The dominant microorganism was escherichia coli (E coli), found in 58.8% of IALs. The most common site was appendix (41.2%), and none from small intestine. The susceptibility test found that piperacillin tazobactam, tigecycline, meropenem, and amikacin were the most active antimicrobial againts E. coli. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli in this study was 40%. The MDR E.coli had 66.6% resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, 66.6% susceptibility to cefriaxone and ceftazidime, anf 100.0% susceptibility to amikacin. The most common site of community-acquired IALs was appendix (41.2%). E. coli is still a dominant microorganism with the MDR E. coli proportion of 40%. "

"The first book was on "Theory and practice" of antibiotic stewardship in its broadest sense -the how to do it and the do's and don’ts. The second, on "Controlling resistance" was very much on the relationships between use and resistance and beginning to home in on the hospital as the main generator of resistance, but mainly looking at it from a disease/clinical perspective. The last 3 chapters on MRSA, ended where the 3rd book will take off. "Controlling HAI " will concentrate on specific MDR organisms highlighting their roles in the current pandemic of HAI and emphasizing that the big issue is not so much infection control but antibiotic control, in the same way that antibiotic over-reliance/ over-use has caused the problem in the first place. Up 'till now the emphasis for controlling MRSA, C diff and all the other MDROs has very much been on IC, which clearly isn't working. This book will gather all the evidence for the increasingly popular view that much more must be done in the area of antibiotic policies/ stewardship, especially when we are in danger of a "post antibiotic" era, due to a real shortage of new agents in the pipeline."