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"[ABSTRAKKonsep mengenai conflict prevention atau penecegahan konflik merupakankonsep yang terus berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya karakter konflik.Namun demikian, pencegahan konflik seringkali diabaikan dan tidak ditanggapidengan serius karena banyaknya keraguan yang muncul pada aktor-aktorinternasional dan negara sebagai pihak ketiga, terutama karena hasil akhir daripencegahan konflik yang tidak berwujud. Padahal, pencegahan konflik pentingsebab jika konflik sudah pecah menjadi konfrontasi terbuka dan telah melibatkanpenggunaan kekerasan, biaya dan upaya yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasinyaakan jauh lebih besar, ditambah lagi jumlah korban serta kerugian moral danmateriil yang ditimbulkan juga sangat besar. Di sisi lain, banyak juga literaturyang menyuarakan pendapat positifnya terkait pencegahan konflik dan PBBsebagai organisasi internasional juga telah melakukan upaya-upaya untukpencegahan konflik. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini akan mengkaji literaturliteratur terkait pencegahan konflik untuk melihat dinamika perkembangan pencegahan konflik pasca-Perang Dingin.

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ABSTRACTConflict prevention is seen as a concept that keeps evolving along with thecharacters of conflict. However, conflict prevention is often ignored and not takenseriously because there are many doubts from international actors and states as athird party, especially since the result of conflict prevention are intangible. As amatter of fact, conflict prevention is actually needed because if the conflict hadalready broken out into open confrontation and has involved violence, the costsand efforts required to overcome them will be much greater, moreover the numberof victims as well as the moral and material losses will be very large. On the otherhand, many literatures also expressed their positive view regarding conflictprevention and the UN as an international organization has also made efforts forconflict prevention. Therefore, this literature review will examine literatures on conflict prevention to look at the dynamics of the development of conflict prevention in the post-Cold War era. , Conflict prevention is seen as a concept that keeps evolving along with thecharacters of conflict. However, conflict prevention is often ignored and not takenseriously because there are many doubts from international actors and states as athird party, especially since the result of conflict prevention are intangible. As amatter of fact, conflict prevention is actually needed because if the conflict hadalready broken out into open confrontation and has involved violence, the costsand efforts required to overcome them will be much greater, moreover the numberof victims as well as the moral and material losses will be very large. On the otherhand, many literatures also expressed their positive view regarding conflictprevention and the UN as an international organization has also made efforts forconflict prevention. Therefore, this literature review will examine literatures on conflict prevention to look at the dynamics of the development of conflict prevention in the post-Cold War era. ]"

"Gerakan separatis di Papua kini menjadi isu yang belum menemukan bentuk solusi yang dilandasi suatu strategi yang komprehensif dan bersifat dinamis dalam konteks menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan di Papua. Di sisi yang lain, bila tidak ditangani dengan segera maka dapat menjadi bom waktu dan ancaman disintegrasi bagi keutuhan NKRI. Berbagai upaya kepolisian sudah dan masih terus dilakukan guna menanggulangi separatisme kelompok kriminal bersenjata (KKB) di Papua. Brimob sebagai garda terdepan Polri dalam penanganan gangguan keamanan yang bersifat kontijensi dituntut harus optimal dalam penggunaan pendekatan-pendekatan penanggulangan Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata (KKB) ini, khususnya pendekatan intelijen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah sejauh mana peran dan pemanfaatan penggunaan intelijen oleh Brimob Polri dalam upaya penanggulangan separatisme di Papua dan langkah-langkah optimalisasi peran tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada sejumlah informan kunci dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode reduksi. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu: (1) Dalam penanganan Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata di Papua, setiap fungsi pada tubuh Polri memiliki perannya masing-masing namun saling berkesinambungan satu sama lain; (2) Dukungan informasi intelijen bagi pergerakan pasukan Brimob yang bertugas dalam penanganan Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata di Papua sudah baik namun dirasa belum maksimal dan (3) Adanya keengganan dalam tubuh Polri dan Brimob untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan ketangkasan maneuver lapangan yang secara dramatis berujung kepada penurunan ketangkasan daya tembak, daya maneuver dan daya jelajah pasukan Brimob khususnya di medan yang bergunung dan berbukit.

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The separatist movement in Papua is now an issue that has not yet found a solution based on a comprehensive and dynamic strategy in the context of adapting to developments in Papua. On the other hand, if it is not handled immediately, it can become a time bomb and threat of disintegration for the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. Various police efforts have been and are still being made to tackle the separatism of armed criminal groups (KKB) in Papua. Brimob as the front line of the National Police in handling contingent security disturbances is demanded to be optimal in using these approaches to tackle the Armed Criminal Group (KKB), especially the intelligence approach. This study aims to examine the role and use of intelligence by Brimob Polri in countering separatism in Papua and the steps to optimize this role. This study used a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with a number of key informants and the data were analyzed using the reduction method. The results of the research are: (1) In handling the Armed Criminal Group in Papua, each function within the National Police has its own role but is mutually sustainable; (2) Intelligence information support for the movement of Brimob troops tasked with handling the Armed Criminal Group in Papua is good but is not maximal and (3) Reluctance within the National Police and Brimob to maintain and develop dexterity in field maneuvers which dramatically leads to a decrease in dexterity. firepower, maneuverability and cruising range of Brimob troops, especially in mountainous and hilly terrain."

"Brawls (tawuran) in the slum areas of Jakarta has a complex factors, not simply economic poverty, but social exclusion. Sociologically, the problem of these slums is weak communities structurally, culturally and processually. What they need is not only economic development but a proper social development. This study reveals how the structural-cultural and processual elements are interacting and cross­cutting each other creating a certain quality of socio-cultural life of the slums. The City Government believes that technocratic and bureaucratic development, with an emphasis on economic and physical sectors, will automatically improve the quality of social development. This study however, shows that a social engagement approach is needed to balance the deterministic and bureaucratic approach of the existing technocratic Development toward more inclusive Social Development. "

" Kota Jayapura merupakan Ibu Kota dari Provinsi Papua yang rawan konflik vertikal-horizontal dan konflik elit.Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kebijakan pencegahan konflikdi Kota Jayapura. Membahas bagaimana Pemerintah Kota Jayapura menurunkan Undang-undang No.7/2012 setelah Permendagri No.42/2015 untuk pencegahan konflik. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan Model Ambiguitas Konflik untuk Implementasi Kebijakan dari Matland 1995 . Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik di Kota Jayapura adalah akibat Ambiguitas Kebijakan dalam interpretasi tujuan dan alat kebijakan. Pemerintah Kota Jayapura menurunkan kebijakan dari pemerintah pusat secara simbolik dengan program dan alokasi dana. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengelola OPD dan pemangku kepentingan adalah instrumen kapasitas. Keberhasilan kebijakan pencegahan konflik didukung alat otoritas dari TNI/Polri, sehingga stabilitas sosial dan politik di Kota Jayapura terjaga untuk pembangunan. Pemerintahan kota dapat bersinergi dengan pemerintahan adat dalam mengelola konflik ditingkat sosial. Permasalahan implementasi kebijakan adalah kurang menjawab permasalahan mendasar orang asli Papua.

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Jayapura city is the capital of Papua Province, prone to vertical horizontalconflicts, and conflicts of elites. The focus of this study is to analyze conflict prevention policies in Jayapura City. To elaborate how the government of Jayapura City adopts Law Nr.7 2012 and MOHA Decree Nr.42 2015. This qualitative research uses the Ambiguity Conflict Model of Policy Implementation by Matland 1995 . The researcher suggests that conflict in Jayapura City is the outcome of Policy Ambiguity in interpreting goals and instrument of policies. The city government of Jayapura implements the central governments rsquo policy symbolically in forms of program and budget earmarking. The instrument used to manage the city governance and stakeholders is the capacity instrument. Success of conflict prevention policy is supported by authoritative instruments from the military police, resulting the maintenance of social and political stability in Jayapura City needed for development. The city government is able to synergize with the indigenous governance in managing conflict at the social level. Problems of policy implementation are the inability to answer the basic needs of Indigenous Papuans. "