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"Proper and clear pronunciation are problems that usually rising in patients with edentulous ridge. To overcome that problem a full denture is highly needed, so that the patients can eat well, to fulfill the esthetic problems and good in speaking. In Phonetics there is a difference between vocal and consonant, it depends on how the modification of the air flow in respiration in the oral cavity. In this research, the point of view is the linguopalatal consonant /c/ and /j/ that had a place of articulation in front of the palatum. In full denture wearers there is a difficulty in pronouncing this consonant properly because the Upper Full Denture has a palatal plate, in which this linguopalatal consonant has a place of articulation in the middle of the palatum. This research evaluated the quality of pronouncing the linguopalatal consonant after the day of insertion, after 3 days, 10 days and also before using denture. 25 respondents using denture for the first time and 3 researchers evaluated the proper and clear pronunciation of 6 words (cacah, cicih, cucu, jajah, jijik, juju). The results of this study is there is no progress in proper pronunciation using word cacah, cicih and cucu. On the other hand there is an increase about 20% in good pronouncing the word jajah, and also there is a decreasing percentage in pronouncing word jijik and juju. After day 10, all of the words can be pronounced well except word jijik. So there is a special characteristic in full denture wearers for consonant /c/ and /j/"

" Dalam linguistik bahasa Jepang, terdapat berbagai macam cara atau kombinasi kata untuk mengungkapkan sebuah kalimat prediksi. Dalam memprediksi suatu hal, ada kalanya masyarakat Jepang menggunakan dua bentuk kata yaitu "~hazu" dan "~kamoshirenai" yang masing-masing mempunyai arti kata "seharusnya~" dan "mungkin~". Namun, penggunaan kalimat prediksi itu sendiri tidak terbatas dengan hanya menggunakan dua kombinasi kata tersebut, tetapi juga bisa menggunakan kata-kata lainnya untuk mendukung pengungkapan suatu pernyataan. Artikel ini pembahasannya menekankan pada penggunaan kombinasi "~hazu" dan "~kamoshirenai" yang mencakup pengertian dan intensitas kepastian pembicara dari kedua kata prediksi tersebut.

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In Japanese linguistic, there are varies of way or combinations for words to express a prediction sentence. In predicting some things, there is some times Japanese people use two kinds of words, and those are "~hazu" and "~kamoshirenai" that has a meaning "it has to be~" and "probably~" in each words. However, the use of that prediction sentence itself cannot be limited just by using two combinations of those words, but we can also use another words to support expressing a statement. This article's is emphasizing the combination on "~hazu" and "~kamoshirenai" that is including the meaning and the intensity of the certainty from the speaker of those prediction words."

"Tulisan ini membicarakan tentang perbandingan fonem bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Hitu. Bahasa Hitu merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah yang ada di Provinsi Maluku yang dituturkan oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Leihitu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia memiliki 22 buah fonem konsonan, yaitu /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /c/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ñ/, /l/, /f/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /x/, /h/, /r/, /w/, /y/ dan lima buah fonem vokal, yaitu /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/. Sementara itu, bahasa Hitu memiliki fonem segmental sebanyak 24 fonem segmental, yang terdiri dari 5 buah fonem vocal dan 19 fonem konsonan. Konsonan-konsonan bahasa Hitu yang berhasil dideskripsikan yaitu: /p/, /b/, /c/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/, /y/, /ň/, /?/,dan /G/.This paper discusses the comparison of Indonesian phonemes with Hitu. Hitu Language is one of the regional languages in Maluku Province that is spoken by the community in Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. The results of the study show that Indonesian has 22 consonant phonemes, namely / p /, / b /, / t /, / d /, / c /, / j /, / k /, / g /, / g /, m /, / n /, / ŋ /, / ñ /, / l /, / f /, / s /, / z /, / ʃ/, / x /, / h /, / r /, / w /, / y / and five vowel phonemes, namely / a /, / i /, / u /, / e /,/ o /. Meanwhile, Hitu has 24 segmental phonemes, consisting of 5 vocal phonemes and 19 consonant phonemes. The consonants of Hitu language that have been successfully described are: / p /, / b /, / c /, / d /, / g /, / h /, / j /, / k /, / l /, / l /, / m /, / n /, / r /, / s /, / t /, / w /, / y /, / ň /, /? /, and / G/.Keywords: comparation, phonem, consonant, vowel."

"Penelitian ini mengamati pengaruh digraf, diftong, dan gugus konsonan terhadap performa membaca anak-anak usia lima hingga enam tahun yang mengikuti kursus membaca di Bimbingan Minat Baca dan Belajar (BiMBA) AIUEO, Citayam, Depok. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik komunikasi langsung yang menggunakan sebuah tes membaca.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak hanya grafem kompleks, seperti digraf, diftong, dan gugus konsonan, yang memengaruhi performa membaca anak, tetapi juga grafem sederhana. Pengaruh grafem sederhana dan grafem kompleks tersebut memunculkan tiga kekeliruan membaca utama, yakni kekeliruan visual, kekeliruan regularisasi, dan kekeliruan substitusi.

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This research analyzed the effects of digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant cluster to reading performance of children age five to six who join Bimbingan Minat Baca dan Belajar (BiMBA) AIUEO, Citayam, Depok, as a reading course. This research is a qualitative research with an experimental method. To collect data, researcher used direct communication technic with a reading test.

The results showed not only the complex graphemes, like digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant clusters, that effecting children reading performance, but also the simple graphemes. Those effects bring out three main errors, namely visual error, regularisation error, and substitution error."

"Tulisan ini membicarakan fonem segmental bahasa Kanum barkari. Bahasa Kanum Barkari terletak di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia dengan Papua New Guini. Bahasa Kanum Barkari merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah yang ada di Papua yang dituturkan oleh masyarakat di Kampung Kondo, Kabupaten Merauke. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deksriptif dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap penyediaan data, tahap analisis data, dan tahap penyajian hasil analisis data. Analisis data dilaksanakan sesudah data yang terjaring diklasifikasikan. Analisis yang diterapkan menggunakan metode distribusional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Kanum Barkari memiliki 16 buah fonem konsonan yaitu /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /m/, /n, /l/, /s/. /r/, /h/, /w/, /y/ dan 6 buah fonem vokal."