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Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran spasial perubahan habitat terumbu karang di kawasan pesisir Pulau Derawan tahun 2003, 2011, dan 2021. Selanjutnya dampak resolusi spasial dan tingkat kemampuan algoritma klasifikasi machine learning pada pemetaan distribusi habitat terumbu karang akan dinilai. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ dan Sentinel-2 untuk memetakan sebaran spasial habitat terumbu karang. Selanjutnya, citra satelit Landsat 9 tahun 2022, citra satelit Sentinel-2 tahun 2022, dan Foto Udara Multispektral tahun 2021 digunakan untuk menilai tingkat kemampuan algoritma klasifikasi pembelajaran mesin untuk resolusi spasial. Algoritma klasifikasi non-parametrik seperti Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan Classification and Regression Tree digunakan (CART). ......The research was done to determine the pattern of the spatial distribution of changes in coral reef habitat in the coastal areas of Derawan Island in 2003, 2011, and 2021. Furthermore, the impact of spatial resolution and the level of ability of machine learning classification algorithms on mapping the distribution of coral reef habitats will be assessed. The study used Landsat 7 ETM+ and Sentinel-2 satellite images to map the spatial distribution of coral reef habitat. Furthermore, Landsat 9 satellite imagery from 2022, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2022, and Multispectral Aerial Photographs from 2021 are used to assess the ability level of the machine learning classification algorithm for spatial resolution. Non-parametric classification algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Classification and Regression Tree are used (CART).

Abstrak :
Terumbu karang adalah suatu ekosistem yang dibangun oleh komponen utama komunitas hewan karang dari jenis karang hermatipik yang termasuk dalam filum Coelenterata (Cnidaria), kelas Anthozoa, ordo Madreporaria-Scleractinia. Hewan karang hermatipik beserta alga berkapur dan organismeorganisme Iainnya menghasilkan endapan-endapan masif berupa kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) sehingga dapat membentuk terumbu. Kemampuan hewan karang membentuk terumbu ini karena adanya hubungan simbiosis dengan tumbuhan bersel satu di dalam jaringan polip individu hewan karang hermatifik yaitu zooxhantellae. Terumbu karang memiliki manfaat ekologi, yaitu berfungsi sebagai habitat berbagai biota laut, pelindung ekosistem padang lamun dan mangrove, pelindung pantai dan penyedia pasir taut. Manfaat ekonomi, yaitu untuk perikanan, bahan baku akuarium, hiasan, bangunan, serta wisata bahari. Manfaat sosial budaya, antara lain untuk pendidikan dan penelitian. Sumberdaya terumbu karang di Indonesia menghadapi berbagai ancaman kerusakan akibat pengaruh antropogenik di berbagai lokasi, yang telah berlangsung lama. Saat ini, kondisi terumbu karang yang baik hingga sangat baik sekitar 33,3%, sisanya dalam kondisi sedang hingga rusak. Kerusakan dapat disebabkan oleh pengaruh antropogenik, baik secara langsung maupun tak langsung. Kerusakan terumbu karang berakibat pada kerugian ekologi, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Upaya merehabilitasi terumbu karang dapat ditempuh baik secara alami dan buatan, yang diikuti dengan upaya mengurangi pengaruh antropogenik. Upaya ini dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat, Pemerintah Daerah, maupun masyarakat. Pengelolaan sumberdaya terumbu karang yang dilakukan masyarakat disebut pengelolaan sumberdaya terumbu karang berbasis masyarakat, disingkat dengan PBM.

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Coral reef is an ecosystem mainly developed by the components of hermatiphic coral community of phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria), class Anthozoa, order Madreporaria-Scleractinia. Hermatiphic coral and symbiotic calcite algae and other organisms produce massive sediments of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and build their reefs. The ability of corals to build a reef is due to the mutual symbiotic of hermatiphic coral individual with unicellular algae called zooxhantellae. Coral reefs have ecological functions to be the habitats for marine organisms, protect sea grass and mangrove ecosystems, protect beach, and produce sand. Economic benefits of coral are fishery, source of aquarium materials, ornaments, building materials, and marine tourism. Social benefits of coral reefs are, among others, research and educational objects. Coral reef resources in Indonesia are still facing many kinds of anthropogenic threats in many locations. Currently, coral reef with good up to very good conditions is around 33.3%, the rest being poor to moderate conditions. Coral reefs degradation can be affected by anthropogenic effects, directly or indirectly. The coral reefs degradation in fact causes ecological, economical, socio and cultural losses. Rehabilitation of degraded coral reef can be conducted naturally and human intervention followed by the elimination of anthropogenic effects. These efforts could be conduct by the government, local government, and/or communities. The management of coral reefs conducted by communities is called community-based coral reefs management, shortened to CBM.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Acanthaster planci (A.planci) merupakan pemangsa karang yang sangat berbahaya, yang dapat mengganggu ekosistem terumbu karang jika terjadi peledakan populasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengendalian populasi A.planci. Duri A.planci menghasilkan racun yang menggandung fosfolipase-A₂ (PLA2) (Shiomi et al., 1998) yang dapat digunakan sebagai anti bakteri, anti virus, anti koagulan dan membantu metabolisme lipid. Sehingga racun tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bidang kedokteran dan farmasi. Pemanfaatan racun duri A.planci dapat menjadi solusi bagi pengendalian populasinya. Pada penelitian ini isolasi PLA₂ dilakukan sesuai dengan metode Savitri et al., 2011 dan modifikasi metode Savitri et al., 2011 yaitu tanpa teknik pemanasan crude venom. Hasil isolasi PLA2 dari duri A.planci yang berasal dari perairan Papua dengan metode Savitri diperoleh aktifitas spesifik PLA₂ menurun karena adanya teknik pemanasan crude venom. Hasil isolasi dengan modifikasi metode Savitri diperoleh pada fraksionasi 20% amonium sulfat memiliki aktifitas spesifik 26,67 unit/mg protein dan tingkat kemurnian 37 kali dari aktifitas spesifik crude venom. Uji kation sebagai kofaktor terhadap aktifitas spesifik diperoleh PLA₂ yang dihasilkan adalah PLA₂ Ca2+ independent.

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ABSTRACT
Acanthaster planci is an extremely dangerous corallivores, especially its dramatic outbreak that disrupt the ecosystem of coral reefs. Therefore necessary to control A.planci population. A.planci spines venom contain phospholiphase- A₂ (Shiomi et al., 1998), that can be used as an antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulant and help lipid metabolism. So that venom can be used for medical and pharmaceutical fields. Utilization of A. planci spines venom can be a solution for population control A.planci. In this study, the isolation of PL A₂ is in accordance with the method of Savitri et al, 2011 and modification of Savitri method which is without heating of crude venom. Specific activity of PL A₂ from Papua's A.planci spines venom which is isolation process with method of Savitri et al., 2011 is decrease because heating technique. Result of isolation PL A₂ with modification of Savitri method obtain in 20% ammonium sulfate fractination with specific activity 26,67 units/mg of protein and purity factor 37 times of crude venom. Assay of the influence cation as a cofactor againts specific activity of PLA₂ obtain Ca2 + independent characteristic.

Abstrak :
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, consist of 572 islands with a land area of 8,249 km2. Their topography is hilly and undulating, with elevations up to 732 m on the Andaman and up to 568 m on the Nicobar Islands. They are known for their rich biodiversity and a very high degree of endemicity in all taxa, especially in plants, reptiles, fishes and corals. Their habitats include bays, mangroves, moist deciduous forests and evergreen forests. Comprising 20 chapters each written by an expert or professional in his/her particular field this book offers new insights into the fascinating faunal communities of these islands and provides the fundamentals for their conservation and environmental management.

Abstrak :
This book provides for the first time a complete review of both the geology and biology of all extant coral areas in the Gulf, the water body between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. In summer, this area is the hottest sea with abundant coral growth on earth and already today exhibits a temperature that is predicted to occur across the topical ocean in 2100. Thus, by studying the Gulf today, much can be learned about tomorrow’s world and the capability of coral reefs to adapt to climatic extremes. This volume provides the most authoritative and up-to-date review of the coral reefs in the Gulf. It can be used as a volume of general reference or as a textbook treating recent coral reefs.