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Abstrak :
Tren perkembangan sumber energi baru terbarukan atau EBT yang terus meningkat dan didukung serta cadangan energi fosil Indonesia yang semakin menipis membuat permintaan terhadap pembangkit listrik EBT semakin tinggi. RUPTL PLN serta regulasi PLN terbaru terus mendukung perkembangan PLTS, salah satunya adalah PLTS Atap dengan memperbolehkan ekspor hingga 65% dari nilai energi yang dihasilkan. Namun, sistem PLTS Atap yang umum dipakai yaitu grid-tie, tidak dapat digunakan saat PLN padam. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem proteksi tersebut, melihat pengaruh undervoltage dan overvoltage, variasi waktu tunda, dan meninjau apakah sistem sesuai dengan regulasi-regulasi yang ditetapkan oleh PLN. Rancang bangun sistem proteksi sendiri terdiri dari beberapa komponen utama yaitu Arduino, modul relay elektromagnetis, dan modul sensor tegangan ZMPT101B. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membangun prototipe dan menguji prototipe berdasarkan variasi-variasi pada parameter tegangan dan waktu tunda yang ditentukan. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan waktu pemutusan kurang dari 0.16 detik pada V<50% serta V>120%, kurang dari 2 detik pada 50% ≤ V <88%, dan operasi kontinyu pada 88% ≤ V ≤ 110%. Dari hasil yang ditunjukkan, rancang bangun ini memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai sistem proteksi alternatif karena harganya yang sangat ekonomis dan kemampuan Arduino guna mengintegrasikan smart grid. ......The latest trend development of renewable energy that keep increasing and getting more support along with Indonesia’s backup fossil energy that keep decreasing have increased the demand for renewable power plants. RUPTL PLN as well as PLN’s latest regulation keep supporting the development of solar power plant, one of which is solar home system regulation by allowing export of up to 65% from the power generated. However, the most common used solar home system which is grid-tie, is unusable when there is a blackout. Therefore, this purpose of this research is to create protection system such as that, observe the effect of undervoltage and overvoltage, variation of delay, and review if said system fulfill PLN’s regulations. The design of the protection system is composed of several major device which comprise of Arduino, electromagnet relay module, and ZMPT101B voltage sensor module. The research is conducted by building the prototype and testing said prototype with variations from voltage and delay parameter. The result shows that at V<50% as well as V>120% trip time are lower than 0.16 second, at 50% ≤ V <88% trip time are lower than second, and continuous operation at 88% ≤ V ≤ 110%. From the result showed, this design has a great potention to be an alternative protection system for solar home system for its economic price and the ability of Arduino to integrate the system into smart grid.

Abstrak :
Mathematical control theory for a single partial differential equation (PDE) has dominated the research literature for quite a while, new, complex, and challenging issues have recently arisen in the context of coupled, or interconnected, PDE systems. This has led to a rapidly growing interest, and many unanswered questions, within the PDE community. By concentrating on systems of hyperbolic and parabolic coupled PDEs that are nonlinear, Mathematical Control Theory of Coupled PDEs seeks to provide a mathematical theory for the solution of three main problems: well-posedness and regularity of the controlled dynamics; stabilization and stability; and optimal control for both finite and infinite horizon problems along with existence/uniqueness issues of the associated Riccati equations. Mathematical Control Theory of Coupled PDEs is based on a series of lectures that are outgrowths of recent research in the area of control theory for systems governed by coupled PDEs. The book develops new mathematical tools amenable to a rigorous analysis of related control problems and the construction of viable control algorithms. Emphasis is placed on the key role played by two interweaving features of the respective dynamical components: (1) propagation of singularities and exceptional "sharp" regularity of the traces of the solutions of the structure's hyperbolic component, and (2) analyticity of the solutions to the parabolic component of the structure, its propagation, and related analytic semigroup (singular) estimates. In addition to providing a mathematical foundation on this topic, this book is useful to engineers and professionals involved in materials science and aerospace engineering in solving fundamental theoretical control problems such as stabilization and optimal control in the context of control systems described by dynamical coupled PDEs. Modern technological applications such as smart materials, interactive systems, and intelligent controls drive further interest in this topic. Included is a wealth of examples based on the structural acoustic model. This comprises a wave equation coupled on the interface with either a plate or a shell equation. This canonical model nonetheless displays a variety of phenomena of interest.