Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
In 1095, with the tomb of Jesus still in the hands of infidels and the Byzantine empire overrun by Muslim Turks, Pope Urban II summoned Christian warriors to take up the cross and their swords against the Turks and then recover the holy city of Jerusalem from Islam. It was to be the first of the Crusades, a holy war that would focus the power of the European kingdoms against a common enemy. The Crusades became the stuff of romantic legend, but in reality they were a series of rabidly savage battles carried out in the name of Christian piety to advance the power of the Western Church. Their legacy of religious violence is felt today as the age-old conflict of Christians, Jews, and Muslims persists.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini didasari pada interaksi diplomasi antara dua tokoh besar Perang Salib III dan V, yaitu Salahuddin al-Ayyubi dan Santo Fransiskus terhadap rival perangnya masing-masing. Semangat memperjuangkan perdamaian yang mereka upayakan dilandasi latar belakang agama dan sosial yang kuat. Ketika sebagian orang beranggapan bahwa agama menjadi alasan berperang, mereka justru sebaliknya. Dan penelitian yang berbasis studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menangkal anggapan tersebut. Dengan teori Segitiga ABC ala Johan Galtung dan teori Shopkeeper milik Harold Nicolson, penelitian ini mengkaji bahwa sikap dan perilaku seorang diplomat menentukan hasil dari resolusi konflik. Segitiga ABC ialah elemen penting dalam mengupayakan resolusi berbasis diplomasi; (A) untuk Attitude dan (B) untuk Behavior dan (C) untuk Contradiction. Ketiganya menempati ruang diplomasi yang signifikan. Begitu juga kepiawaian mereka bernegosiasi turut menjadi andil dalam menentukan akhir konflik, sebagaimana paparan teori Nicolson. Alhasil, dua tokoh abad pertengahan tersebut menunjukkan sikap-sikap bijaksana dan diplomatis yang tidak ditemui padanannya. Misi perdamaian yang sama dari dua keyakinan berbeda secara faktual mampu meredam kobaran api konflik Perang Salib menjadi kesepakatan atau perjanjian damai yang menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. ......This research is based on the actions of two great figures, Saladin al-Ayyubi and Saint Francis, who used diplomatic interactions to reach peace agreements with their respective rivals in Crusades III and V. Their enthusiasm in fighting for peace was based on their strong religious and social backgrounds. Many people consider that religion is a reason for going to war, but these two men showed just the opposite, and so this library-based study aims to counteract the assumption that religions lead to war. Using the ABC Triangle theory of Johan Galtung and Harold Nicolson`s Shopkeeper theory, this study examines how the attitude and behavior of a diplomat can determine the outcome of conflict resolution efforts. The ABC Triangle theory is an important element in seeking a diplomacy-based resolution; (A) for Attitude, (B) for Behavior, and (C) for Contradiction. All three elements occupy significant diplomatic space. Likewise, a diplomat`s expertise in negotiating will contribute to determining the end of the conflict, as explained by Nicolson`s theory. As a result, we can see that the two medieval figures mentioned above showed wise and diplomatic attitudes that were not demonstrated by their counterparts. The same peace mission from two different religious beliefs was able to reduce the flames of the Crusade and create a peace agreement or an agreement that benefited both parties.