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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas konsep Politik Perbedaan Iris Marion Young sebagai alternatif terhadap demokrasi liberal untuk mewujudkan keadilan sosial dalam keadaan heterogentitas masyarakat. Demokrasi liberal dalam kerangka universalitas humanisme mengkonsepsikan dunia politik terbatas dalam pembahasan hal publik. Sayangnya, karakteristik publik dalam politik dikonstitusi seturut budaya kelompok dominan. Akibatnya, pengalaman ketidakadilan yang nyata secara sosio-historis namun hanya dialami oleh grup sosial minoritas tidak dapat diangkat dalam perbincangan politik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain argumentatif terhadap keterbatasan konsep publik tersebut. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pengalaman ketidakadilan tersebut membutuhkan rekognisi oleh negara dalam kerangka Politik Perbedaan agar dapat dientaskan melalui differentiated citizenship. ......The focus of this study is Iris Marion Young’s concept of Politics of Difference as an alternative to liberal democracy in order to establish justice in a heterogenic society. Liberal democracy in accordance to universal humanism defines that only public things matter in political discussion. Unfortunately, the public things characteristics are constituted by the dominant social group. This cause the tangible injustice experiences of the minorities can’t be discussed in political realm. This research is qualitative argumentative to confront the narrow conception of public. This research shows that minorities’ injustice experiences need to be recognized by the government in accordance to Politics of Difference to be solved through differentiated citizenship.

Abstrak :
After Japanese taking over Indonesia from the Dutch, they have built military bases across the country. Every one of it is completed with adjunct comfort station, a place for serving Japanese army's biological needs. Comfort station is filled with Indonesian women called jugun-ianfu. Jugun-ianfu is a form of concentrated systematic rape. Jugun-ianfu is a value system that Japanese brought to Indonesia. And yet, it is a form of crime that Japanese conduct to Indonesian women. It is an ideal value system for Japanese, not Indonesian women. They have tried to impose their culture values over Indonesian women. Culture hegemony is a term that never discussed comprehensively in jugun-ianfu discourse. It was only explain about victim's condition, Indonesian's social condition and jugun-ianfu's related law process. This research's purpose is to discuss how jugun-ianfu could be seen as Japanese culture hegemony over Indonesia. This research utilizes qualitative method in order to yields descriptive data as a result. Thus could represent Japan's social condition before and after their presence in Indonesia, Indonesia's social condition and form of hegemony which Japanese have creates. The data has divided to primary and secondary. Primary data obtained from deep interview with Mr. Mardiyono (late Mrs. Mardiyem's son), Mr. Budi Hartono (late Mrs. Mardiyem's lawyer), and Dwi Mulyatari (Indonesian History tutor staff at Cultural Science Faculty, University of Indonesia). Then the secondary data obtained from literatures and newspaper clipping related to jugunianfu.

Abstrak :
Indonesia is a plural nation which consist of different ethnics, races, languages, customs, religions, and cultures. Indonesian society is also recognized as multicultural society with diversed background of cultures and religions. Conceptually, multiculturalism refers to country profile as a plural nation and multicultural society. Citizens would appreciate plurality and multiculturalism based on the equity principle. Multiculturalism as a concept of diversity and equity should be accomodated in the national education system. It should be reflected in the curriculum. Besides, the school has opportunity to develop its school curriculum (KTSP) integrating multicultural elements. Citizenship education subject has the functions to integrate and develop multiculturalism issues in selected topics such as unity, equity, human rights, democracy, justice, and law. Other subjects integrate the issues into the teaching and learning process focusing issues of gender, ethnicity, and religion. Multicultural education is intended for developing national character which promote students interactivity of different social cultural background. It develops in students emphaty through the observation of their attitude, perceptions, and views. In addition, it also develops student appreciation of multicultural differences, values, and needs.

Abstrak :
Conflict is a socio economic phenomenon that has trended upward since the end of the Cold War all over the world and causes a condition called global tension. Indonesia has high ethnic diversity and high income inequality and thus has also seen an upward trend of conflict that is called Indonesian tension. Because of the upward trend, there are many studies about conflict, but the results are divergent. It is debatable whether conflict was caused by social issues such as ethnic diversity or economic aspects such as income inequality. This research aims to examine the relationship between ethnic diversity and income inequality in the intensity of conflict by using Village Potency PODES 2011 combined with Population Census 2010 and National Social Economic Survey Susenas 2010. Econometrics estimations using Ordinary Least Square OLS and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial ZINB regression combining with descriptive analysis confirm that there is a U shaped correlation between EFI and the intensity of conflict and a positive correlation between the income gap and the intensity of conflict. Another result is that economic aspects such as electricity, poor people and slum households more influenced the intensity of conflict than social aspects. The implication of these findings is that improvement in economic aspects is the more preferable policy to reduce the intensity of conflict rather than focusing on ethnic diversity, which is heritage and cannot be changed.

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Konflik adalah sebuah fenomena sosial dan ekonmi dengan tren yang meningkat setelah perang dingin berakhir di seluruh dunia dan menyebabkan adanya kondisi bernama global tension. Kondisi seperti global tension juga dialami oleh Indonesia yang merupakan negara dengan tingkat keberagaman etnik dan ketimpangan yang tinggi atau disebut sebagai Indonesian tension. Dikarenakan tren yang meningkat ini, banyak studi membahas tentang konflik namun menghasilkan kesimpulan yang berbeda. Hasilnya adalah terjadi perdebatan mengenai penyebab konflik apakah disebabkan oleh aspek sosial seperti keberagaman etnik atau aspek ekonomi seperti ketimpangan pendapatan. Penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara keberagaman etnik dan ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap intensitas konflik di Indonesia menggunakan PODES 2011 dikombinasikan Sensus Penduduk 2010 dan Susenas 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi OLS dan ZINB dikombinasikan dengan analisis deskriptif mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan berbentuk U antara EFI dan intensitas/jumlah konflik dan adanya hubungan positif antara ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap intensitas/jumlah konflik. Hasil lainnya adalah variabel kontrol dalam aspek ekonomi seperti tingkat listrik, kodisi kemiskinan serta rumah tangga di kawasan kumuh lebih berpengaruh ke intensitas/jumlah konflik dibandingkan dengan variabel kontrol dalam aspek sosial. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan adalah perbaikan di aspek ekonomi untuk mengurangi konflik di Indonesia dibanding fokus pada keberagaman etnik merupakan warisan yang tidak dapat ditolak.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Masyarakat majemuk yang ada merupakan kegagalan dalam mencapai masyarakat multikulturalis. Perlu adanya peran pemerintah untuk membentuk pandangan multikulturalisme dengan membuat kebijakan-kebijakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan di masyarakat majemuk yang terutama terjadi pada masalah identitas di dalam masyarakat majemuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan politics of recognition dari Taylor dan politics of identity dari Appiah. Masalah identitas ini dapat disusun dalam dua bentuk, labeling dan kompleks superioritas. Setelah membedah masalah, penelitian ini kemudian disusun kerangka bagaimana pemerintah harus bergerak dalam menyelesaikan masalah identitas ini dengan pemikiran Kymlicka yang dilengkapi dengan Modood untuk memberikan penyelesaian terhadap minoritas keagamaan.

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ABSTRACT
Plural society is a incomplete form of multiculturalist society. The needs of government role to forming the multiculturalist view in the society by making policies to solve the plural societys problem, mainly in case of identities problems in the plural society. This research use Taylors politics of recognition and Appiahs politics of identity to identify two problem in identity, labeling and superiority complex. After cracking the problem, this research can be continued to make a framework of how government should move to solve problems of identity using Kymlickas opinion and completed by Modood to solve the religious minoritys problem.