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"Perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pesatnya penemuan terhadap benda-benda budaya bawah air. Salah satunya yakni kapal karam bersejarah yang didalamnya terkandung nilai yang sangat tinggi baik secara historis, arkeologis ataupun ekonomis. Keberadaan kapal karam bersejarah yang sangat signifikan inilah yang menjadikan isu kepemilikan atasnya merupakan suatu hal yang penting. Benturan kepentingan terjadi antara Negara bendera kapal, penemunya, Negara dimana kapal karam bersejarah tersebut karam ataupun negara dari mana muatan didalamnya berasal. Oleh karena itu, dalam skripsi ini akan dibahas konsepsi pengaturan mengenai kepemilikan atas kapal karam bersejarah di tingkat internasional melalui konvensi dan hukum kebiasaan internasional terkait, di tingkat nasional melalui peraturan dan praktik di beberapa negara dunia serta pengaturan dan praktik penerapannya di Indonesia.

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Technology development pushed forward an access to underwater cultural heritage. One of them is historic shipwrecks which contain historical, archaeological or economic value. The significance of this historic shipwrecks leads to an issue about ownership. The dispute over historic shipwrecks happen because there is a clash about jurisdiction over the historic shipwrecks among Flag-state country, Finder, Coastal state, or state origin of the cargo. Therefore, it is an important thing to see the conception on regulation of historic shipwrecks at international level through international convention, at national level through its regulation and practice in several countries and also the regulation and practice in Indonesia.

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"Summary: "Can states adopt protectionist cultural policies? What are the limits, if any, to state intervention in cultural matters? A wide variety of cultural policies may interfere with foreign investments, and a tension therefore exists between the cultural policies of the host state and investment treaty provisions. In some cases, foreign investors have claimed that cultural policies have negatively affected their investments, thereby amounting to a breach of the relevant investment treaty. This study maps the relevant investor-state arbitrations concerning cultural elements and shows that arbitrators have increasingly taken cultural concerns into consideration in deciding cases brought before them, eventually contributing to the coalescence of general principles of law demanding the protection of cultural heritage"

"The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, which entered into force internationally in 2009, is designed to deal with threats to underwater cultural heritage arising as a result of advances in deep-water technology. However, the relationship between this new treaty and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is deeply controversial. This study of the international legal framework regulating human interference with underwater cultural heritage explores the development and present status of the framework and gives some consideration to how it may evolve in the future. The central themes are the issues that provided the UNESCO negotiators with their greatest challenges: the question of ownership rights in sunken vessels and cargoes; sovereign immunity and sunken warships; the application of salvage law; the ethics of commercial exploitation; and, most crucially, the question of jurisdictional competence to regulate activities beyond territorial sea limits"