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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK This study investigated the effect of breed and marbling score on carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory evaluation of culled dairy cows (HFF), fattening dairy steers (HFM) and crossbred Charolais steers (CHA) with different marbling score (MBS<3 and MBS≥3). Results showed that the CHA group had greater carcass weight and dressing (%) than the HFM and HFF groups. Rib-eyes area of the HFF group was smaller than the others (p<0.05). HFF beef with MBS<3 had higher fat content than the others (p<0.05) while beef with MBS≥3 of all breeds did not differ in fat content (p>0.05). At MBS<3, CHA beef had higher L*and b* values than the others (p<0.05), but there was no difference in L* and b* values when MBS≥3. At MBS<3, CHA and HFM groups had higher WBSF than HFF group (p<0.05) but at MBS≥3, there was no difference in WBSF among breeds. CHA and HFF beef had notable oleic acid content and MUFA contents (p<0.05), while HFM and HFF beef had greater P/S ratio (p<0.05). Sensory attributes were not affected by breeds (p>0.05). It could be concluded that culled dairy cows had inferior carcass quality compared to Charolais steers and dairy steers. However, the beef of culled dairy cows had no difference in meat color, fat and protein contents in meat, shear force value, or sensory acceptability compared to the others when beef had a marbling score up to score 3. Therefore, culled dairy cows with marbling scores greater than 3 could be an alternative for producing high quality beef.

Abstrak :
Pengelolaan peternakan sapi perah yang buruk merupakan faktor utama penurunan kualitas kesehatan manusia, hewan dan lingkungan. Upaya untuk menangani masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakan sapi perah dan menyelidiki hubungan antara karakteristik peternak dengan pengelolaan peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Pangalengan. Sebanyak 230 peternak dipilih melalui cluster random sampling. Evaluasi pengelolaan dilakukan dengan mengkompositkan komponen pengelolaan sesuai dengan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pedoman penilaian, yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengetahui jumlah peternak yang telah menerapkan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakannnya. Komponen yang dievaluasi meliputi pembibitan, pemberian pakan, pemerahan, penanganan susu sapi, pengolahan limbah, perkandangan, sanitasi lingkungan, penanganan dan pencegahan penyakit. Regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan masing-masing variabel karakteristik peternak dengan variabel pengelolaan peternakan sapi perah secara simultan. Karakteristik peternak meliputi usia, luas peternakan, lama beternak, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, jumlah tanggungan, pemilikan ternak, motif beternak, lama tinggal dan tingkat pendapatan. Sebanyak 34 orang (14,8%) dari 230 peternak sapi perah di Kecamatan Pangalengan telah menerapkan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakannya. Karakteristik peternak yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan peternakan adalah semakin besar luas peternakan (Odds ratio=1,005), pemilikan ternak (Odds ratio=1,236), pengetahuan (Odds ratio=1,239) dan jumlah tanggungan (Odds ratio=1,798) maka peluang untuk menerapkan pendekatan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakan sapi perahnya lebih besar. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan dalam menentukan strategi penerapan ecohealth dalam pengelolaan peternakan yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan manusia, hewan dan lingkungan.

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Bad management of dairy farm was the main factor reduction in the quality of human, animals and enviromnent health. Efforts to resolve these problem can be done with the ecohealth approach in farm management. This research to evaluate the current dairy farm management base on ecohealth approaches and investigate the relationship between farmer`s characteristics with dairy farm management practices in Pangalengan Subdistrict. A total of 230 farmers were chosen through cluster ramdom sampling. Management evaluated conducted by combine management component with ecohealth approach in assessment guidelines, which are then used to determine the number of farmers who have applied ecohealth approach in dairy farm management. Component that were evaluated as includes livestock breeding; milking practice and hygiene; postproduction milk handling; nutrition and feeding; waste management and the environment; the cowshed-care, equipment and resources; cowshed cleaning; disease prevention and control. Logistic regression used to determine the effect of each relationship variables farmer`s characteristics with variable dairy farm management simultaneously. Farmers chracteristic include age, extensive dairy farm, experience dependents, level of education, knowledge, number of dependents, ownership of dairy farm, motive, long settled and level income. A number of 34 person (14,8%) from 230 farmer in Pangalengan Subdistrict has applied ecohealth approach in his dairy farm. Characteristic of farmer which are related with dairy farm management, greater of size dairy farm (Odds ratio=1,005), ownership of dairy farm (Odds ratio=1,236), knowledge (Odds ratio=1,239), and the number of dependents (Odds ratio=1,798), the opportunities for applying the ecohealth approach in the management of dairy farms larger. Further research needs to be strategy for applied ecohealth approach in dairy farm management that can improve the quality of human, animal and health.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Keberlanjutan usaha peternakan sapi perah dapat dicapai jika adanya manajemen pengelolaan ternak yang baik dengan menerapkan pendekatan Ecohealth Penelitian dilaksanakan di peternakan sapi perah Pangalengan Jawa Barat Indonesia Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi aktivitas pengelolaan ternak sapi perah dan menganalisis hubungan aktivitas pengelolaan ternak sapi perah pada kesehatan lingkungan manusia dan hewan di Pangalengan melalui pendekatan Ecohealth Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif metode pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner dan observasi lapangan sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis perbandingan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Ecohealth dan Indeks Pencemaran IP Aktivitas peternakan dengan pendekatan Ecohealth belum sepenuhnya diterapkan pada usaha pengelolaan ternak sapi perah di Kecamatan Pangalengan Kondisi lingkungan khususnya kualitas air sungai sebelum dialiri oleh air limbah peternakan sapi perah berada pada kriteria tercemar ringan dengan nilai Indeks Pencemaran 4 95 1 0 Pij 5 0 namum setelah dialiri oleh air limbah peternakan berubah menjadi tercemar berat dengan nilai Indeks Pencemaran 10 39 Pij 10 Semakin tinggi pengetahuan peternak tentang aktivitas sanitasi lingkungan peternakan pemerahan dan manajemen limbah peternakan dengan pendekatan Ecohealth maka peluang peternak untuk terkena penyakit diare atau ISPA akan lebih kecil dibanding peternak yang memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih rendah Semakin tinggi pengetahuan peternak tentang aktivitas pemeliharaan sapi perah dan manajemen pemerahan dengan pendekatan Ecohealth maka peluang peternak memiliki sapi dengan penyakit mastitis akan lebih kecil dibanding peternak yang memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih rendah.

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ABSTRACT
The dairy farm sustainability can be achieved if the presence of good management of dairy farm by through Ecohealth approach The research was conducted on a dairy farm in Pangalengan West Java Indonesia This research aims to evaluate dairy farm management and to analyze the association of dairy farm activity and management to environmental human and animal health through Ecohealth approach in Pangalengan The methodology of the study was quantitative where two populations in this study consisted of farmers and dairy cow waste populations where the methodology of data analysis using comparative analysis using Ecohealth approach and Pollution Index The dairy farm activity and management through Ecohealth approach has not been fully applied in Pangalengan The environmental conditions dairy farm waste affected the quality of Cisangkuy river from lightly polluted status with the pollution index of 4 95 1 0 Pij 5 0 turned into heavily polluted status with the pollution index of 10 39 Pij 10 The higher the farmers knowledge about environmental sanitation activities of the farm milking and livestock waste management with the opportunity breeder Ecohealth approach to diarrheal diseases or ISPA will be smaller than the farmers who have less knowledge The higher the farmers knowledge about maintenance activities dairy cows and milking management with the opportunity breeder Ecohealth approach has mastitis cows with the disease will be smaller than the farmers who have less knowledge , ABSTRACT The dairy farm sustainability can be achieved if the presence of good management of dairy farm by through Ecohealth approach The research was conducted on a dairy farm in Pangalengan West Java Indonesia This research aims to evaluate dairy farm management and to analyze the association of dairy farm activity and management to environmental human and animal health through Ecohealth approach in Pangalengan The methodology of the study was quantitative where two populations in this study consisted of farmers and dairy cow waste populations where the methodology of data analysis using comparative analysis using Ecohealth approach and Pollution Index The dairy farm activity and management through Ecohealth approach has not been fully applied in Pangalengan The environmental conditions dairy farm waste affected the quality of Cisangkuy river from lightly polluted status with the pollution index of 4 95 1 0 Pij 5 0 turned into heavily polluted status with the pollution index of 10 39 Pij 10 The higher the farmers knowledge about environmental sanitation activities of the farm milking and livestock waste management with the opportunity breeder Ecohealth approach to diarrheal diseases or ISPA will be smaller than the farmers who have less knowledge The higher the farmers knowledge about maintenance activities dairy cows and milking management with the opportunity breeder Ecohealth approach has mastitis cows with the disease will be smaller than the farmers who have less knowledge ]

Abstrak :
Penelitian tentang analisis kebijakan insentif pajak penanaman modal atas industri Pengolahan Susu bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang dan dampak dari penerapan kebijakan pemberian insentif pajak atas Industri Pengolahan Susu tersebut. Penelitian ini juga ditujukan untuk melihat keadaan faktual dunia persusuan di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data kualitatif, peneliti menemukan bahwa insentif pajak kepada Industri Pengolahan Susu di Indonesia diberikan pada waktu yang tidak tepat, yaitu pada saat peternak sapi lokal masih berjuang demi peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas susu segar serta kesejahteraan mereka dan Indonesia yang masih berada pada posisi sebagai importir susu. ......This research's purpose is to analyze the investment tax incentive policy for Milk Processing Industry and to describe the causes and the consequences from the policy tax incentive policy's application. This research is also aimed to glance at the factual condition of Indonesia's milk industry. With qualitative research approach and qualitative data collection methods, researchers found that the tax incentive policy for Milk Processing Industry was given on an inappropriate condition due to the condition of the cow farmers that still struggling for their milk's quantity and quality and also for their prosperity and Indonesia's position as milk importing country.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Indonesia mempunyai prevalensi malnutrisi yang tinggi pada usia lanjut, yang dipengaruhi oleh inadekuasi asupan nutrien. Inadekuasi asupan nutrien pada usia lanjut di Indonesia merupakan masalah dengan prevalensi tinggi, high impact, dan menimbulkan beban ekonomi yang tinggi. Produk susu merupakan nutrient dense food yang potensial untuk intervensi masalah inadekuasi asupan nutrien. Produk susu dapat ditoleransi oleh usia lanjut di Indonesia, namun belum diteliti apakah berhubungan dengan asupan nutrien pada populasi usia lanjut Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata asupan energi dan nutrien, serta mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan nutrien pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non dairy user pada usia lanjut di Indonesia Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Indonesian Study of Lactose Intolerance in Elderly Population. Desain penelitian potong lintang. Waktu penelitian bulan Januari-Juli 2021 menggunakan data pasien di Unit Rawat Jalan Geriatri Terpadu RSCM Jakarta dengan sampling konsekutif. kriteria inklusi adalah usia 60 tahun atau lebih dan tinggal di komunitas bersama keluarga. Kriteria eksklusi adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif berat, kondisi klinis yang mempengaruhi hasil uji intoleransi laktosa, serta menolak berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t-test atau alternatifnya, chi-square atau alternatifnya, sesuai dengan jenis variabel yang diuji. Analisis multivariat untuk adjustment variabel perancu menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Sebanyak 103 partisipan menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Terdapat perbedaan asupan protein (p=0.003), kalsium (p<0.001), vitamin D (p <0.001), vitamin B12 (p=0.002) pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non-dairy user. Tidak didapatkan kemaknaan statistik pada uji bivariat maupun multivariat yang menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan energi dan nutrien, namun didapatkan perbedaan proporsi inadekuasi asupan nutrien pada kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat beda rerata asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan lemak pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat perbedaan rerata asupan protein, kalsium, vitamin D, dan vitamin B12 pada kedua kelompok. Belum dapat dibuktikan hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan nutrien pada populasi orang usia lanjut di Indonesia, namun didapatkan perbedaan proporsi inadekuasi asupan nutrien yang bermakna secara klinis pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non- dairy user. ......Background: Indonesia is a country with high prevalence of malnutrition, which is strongly caused by inadequacy of nutrients intakes. The problem of inadequate intakes of nutrients in Indonesia older adults is a problem with a high prevalence, high impacts, and high economic burden. Dairy products as nutrient dense foods are beneficial to improve inadequacy of nutrients intakes, and well tolerated by older adults in Indonesia. Yet, lack of data on association between dairy products consumption and nutrients intakes in this population. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the difference in the mean intakes of energy and nutrients, as well as to investigate association between dairy products consumption and adequacy of nutrients intakes in the dairy user group compared with non-dairy users in Indonesian elderly population. Methods: A cross-sectional study, as a part of the Indonesian Study of Lactose Intolerance in Elderly Population was conducted in January-July 2021 using patients’ data at the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, with consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were older adults (60 years or older) and community-dwelling. Exclusion criteria were subjects with severe cognitive impairment, having clinical conditions that affected the results of the lactose intolerance test, and unwillingness to participate in the study. Bivariate analysis used t-test or chi square, in concordance with the variables. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to assess the association between milk consumption and adequacy of energy and nutrients intake, adjusted by confounding variables. Results: A total of 103 participants enrolled as the subjects of this study. There were different mean intakes of protein (p=0.003), calcium (p<0.001), vitamin D (p<0.001), vitamin B12 (p=0.002) between dairy users and non-dairy users. There was no statistical significance in bivariate and multivariate analyses of association between dairy products consumption and adequate intake of energy and nutrients. Yet we found different proportions of nutrients inadequacies between dairy user (mild to moderate inadequacies) and non-dairy users (moderate to severe inadequacies). Conclusion: We found pronounced different mean intakes of protein, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 in dairy users compared with non-dairy users. Although association between consumption of dairy products and adequate intake of nutrients in Indonesian elderly population cannot be confirmed, yet we found clinically important difference proportions of nutrients inadequacies between dairy user and non-dairy users.