Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKThis study investigated the effect of breed and marbling score on carcass characteristics, meat quality and sensory evaluation of culled dairy cows (HFF), fattening dairy steers (HFM) and crossbred Charolais steers (CHA) with different marbling score (MBS<3 and MBS≥3). Results showed that the CHA group had greater carcass weight and dressing (%) than the HFM and HFF groups. Rib-eyes area of the HFF group was smaller than the others (p<0.05). HFF beef with MBS<3 had higher fat content than the others (p<0.05) while beef with MBS≥3 of all breeds did not differ in fat content (p>0.05). At MBS<3, CHA beef had higher L*and b* values than the others (p<0.05), but there was no difference in L* and b* values when MBS≥3. At MBS<3, CHA and HFM groups had higher WBSF than HFF group (p<0.05) but at MBS≥3, there was no difference in WBSF among breeds. CHA and HFF beef had notable oleic acid content and MUFA contents (p<0.05), while HFM and HFF beef had greater P/S ratio (p<0.05). Sensory attributes were not affected by breeds (p>0.05). It could be concluded that culled dairy cows had inferior carcass quality compared to Charolais steers and dairy steers. However, the beef of culled dairy cows had no difference in meat color, fat and protein contents in meat, shear force value, or sensory acceptability compared to the others when beef had a marbling score up to score 3. Therefore, culled dairy cows with marbling scores greater than 3 could be an alternative for producing high quality beef."

"Latar Belakang: Indonesia mempunyai prevalensi malnutrisi yang tinggi pada usia lanjut, yang dipengaruhi oleh inadekuasi asupan nutrien. Inadekuasi asupan nutrien pada usia lanjut di Indonesia merupakan masalah dengan prevalensi tinggi, high impact, dan menimbulkan beban ekonomi yang tinggi. Produk susu merupakan nutrient dense food yang potensial untuk intervensi masalah inadekuasi asupan nutrien. Produk susu dapat ditoleransi oleh usia lanjut di Indonesia, namun belum diteliti apakah berhubungan dengan asupan nutrien pada populasi usia lanjut Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata asupan energi dan nutrien, serta mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan nutrien pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non dairy user pada usia lanjut di IndonesiaMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Indonesian Study of Lactose Intolerance in Elderly Population. Desain penelitian potong lintang. Waktu penelitian bulan Januari-Juli 2021 menggunakan data pasien di Unit Rawat Jalan Geriatri Terpadu RSCM Jakarta dengan sampling konsekutif. kriteria inklusi adalah usia 60 tahun atau lebih dan tinggal di komunitas bersama keluarga. Kriteria eksklusi adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif berat, kondisi klinis yang mempengaruhi hasil uji intoleransi laktosa, serta menolak berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t-test atau alternatifnya, chi-square atau alternatifnya, sesuai dengan jenis variabel yang diuji. Analisis multivariat untuk adjustment variabel perancu menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 103 partisipan menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Terdapat perbedaan asupan protein (p=0.003), kalsium (p<0.001), vitamin D (p <0.001), vitamin B12 (p=0.002) pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non-dairy user. Tidak didapatkan kemaknaan statistik pada uji bivariat maupun multivariat yang menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan energi dan nutrien, namun didapatkan perbedaan proporsi inadekuasi asupan nutrien pada kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat beda rerata asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan lemak pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat perbedaan rerata asupan protein, kalsium, vitamin D, dan vitamin B12 pada kedua kelompok. Belum dapat dibuktikan hubungan antara konsumsi produk susu dengan adekuasi asupan nutrien pada populasi orang usia lanjut di Indonesia, namun didapatkan perbedaan proporsi inadekuasi asupan nutrien yang bermakna secara klinis pada kelompok dairy user dibandingkan non- dairy user.......Background: Indonesia is a country with high prevalence of malnutrition, which is strongly caused by inadequacy of nutrients intakes. The problem of inadequate intakes of nutrients in Indonesia older adults is a problem with a high prevalence, high impacts, and high economic burden. Dairy products as nutrient dense foods are beneficial to improve inadequacy of nutrients intakes, and well tolerated by older adults in Indonesia. Yet, lack of data on association between dairy products consumption and nutrients intakes in this population.Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the difference in the mean intakes of energy and nutrients, as well as to investigate association between dairy products consumption and adequacy of nutrients intakes in the dairy user group compared with non-dairy users in Indonesian elderly population.Methods: A cross-sectional study, as a part of the Indonesian Study of Lactose Intolerance in Elderly Population was conducted in January-July 2021 using patients’ data at the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, with consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were older adults (60 years or older) and community-dwelling. Exclusion criteria were subjects with severe cognitive impairment, having clinical conditions that affected the results of the lactose intolerance test, and unwillingness to participate in the study. Bivariate analysis used t-test or chi square, in concordance with the variables. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to assess the association between milk consumption and adequacy of energy and nutrients intake, adjusted by confounding variables.Results: A total of 103 participants enrolled as the subjects of this study. There were different mean intakes of protein (p=0.003), calcium (p<0.001), vitamin D (p<0.001), vitamin B12 (p=0.002) between dairy users and non-dairy users. There was no statistical significance in bivariate and multivariate analyses of association between dairy products consumption and adequate intake of energy and nutrients. Yet we found different proportions of nutrients inadequacies between dairy user (mild to moderate inadequacies) and non-dairy users (moderate to severe inadequacies).Conclusion: We found pronounced different mean intakes of protein, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 in dairy users compared with non-dairy users. Although association between consumption of dairy products and adequate intake of nutrients in Indonesian elderly population cannot be confirmed, yet we found clinically important difference proportions of nutrients inadequacies between dairy user and non-dairy users."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas struktur, perilaku dan kinerja dari industri susu di Indonesia, menggunakan analisis pendekatan Structure-Conduct-Performance serta menganalisis hubungannya dengan kebijakan yang terkait dengan industri susu selama tahun 1985 - 2011, maka akan terurai struktur yang terbentuk dalam industri susu merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi atau dipengaruhi oleh perilaku dan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada industri susu sebagai konsumen Susu Segar Dalam Negeri dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif.Salah satu sektor pertanian yang masih memiliki potensi besar untuk diberdayakan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan adalah sektor peternakan susu sapi. Akan tetapi, peningkatan konsumsi susu sebesar 14,01 persen selama tahun 2002 - 2007, tidak diiringi oleh pertumbuhan produksi susu dalam negeri yang hanya sebesar 8,8 persen. Oleh sebab itu, kebutuhan susu dalam negeri terpaksa dipasok dari importasi susu. Dalam jangka waktu yang lebih panjang, kebijakan importasi ini akan meningkat setiap tahunnya karena peningkatan jumlah penduduk apabila pasokan Susu Segar Dalam Negeri tidak dapat mencukupi kebutuhan nasional. Pada tahun 1997, terdapat liberalisasi perdagangan dengan adanya penghapusan kebijakan persusuan dan penurunan bea masuk impor susu telah membuat perusahaan susu harus berhadapan dengan harga susu impor yang cenderung fluktuatif tergantung dengan supply dan demand dari dunia internasional. Hal ini mempengaruhi struktur dari industri susu ikut terpengaruh dimana struktur pasar dari industri susu menjadi oligopoli ketat. Semakin terkonsentrasinya industri susu kemudian mempengaruhi perilaku perusahaan susu dan kinerja dari industri susu.Struktur industri susu dianalisasis melalui tingkat konsentrasi pasar dengan menggunakan Market Share MS dan Concentration Ratio empat pemain terbesar CR4 . Hambatan masuk dihitung dengan menggunakan Minimum Effisiency Scale MES . Perilaku perusahaan susu dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap peternak, perusahaan susu dan koperasi. Kinerja industri diperoleh melalui angka Price Cost Margin PCM .Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa struktur industri susu di Indonesia terkonsentrasi akibat adanya penghapusan kebijakan dari tahun 1998-2011, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa struktur dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan. Struktur industri susu yang terkonsentrasi mempengaruhi perilaku penetapan harga dan distribusi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan susu, dimana perusahaan susu dapat menetapkan harga beli susu ditingkat peternak lebih murah daripada harga beli susu ditingkat peternak di luar negeri. Perilaku dari industri susu sendiri tidak dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan, akan tetapi dipengaruhi oleh struktur dari industri susu itu sendiri. Ketidakmampuan peternak dalam negeri memasok kebutuhan konsumsi dalam negeri menyebabkan perusahaan susu menggunakan susu impor, dimana hampir 80 susu impor menguasai bahan baku industri susu di Indonesia. Hal ini merupakan penjelasan mengapa kinerja industri susu dipengaruhi oleh harga susu impor dan bukan dikarenakan perilaku dari perusahaan susu. Sedangkan kinerja industri susu sendiri tidak dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan. Hubungan antara struktur, perilaku dan kinerja perusahaan cenderung tidak mendukung pendekatan Structure - Conduct - Performance tradisional yang dikembangkan oleh kaum Harvard yang menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara stuktur pasar dengan tingkat kinerja

---

ABSTRACTThis research discuss the structure, conduct and performance of dairy industry in Indonesia, using analytical Structure Conduct Performance approaches and analyze its relationship with the policy which associated with dairy industry during 1985 2011.This approach will describe how the formed structure formed in the dairy industry whether affect or affected by behaviour and performance of the dairy industry. The research focus on dairy industry as consumers of domestic fresh milk and using quantitative approach and supported by qualitative approach.One of the agricultural sector that still has a great potential to be empowered to achieve food sustainability in Indonesia is dairy cattle sector. However, milk consumption growth has been increasing 14,01 percent during 2002 2007, despite milk production growth only increasing to8,8 percent. Due to that, the need of domestic milk was forced to be provided by milk from importation. In time, the importation policy will increase milk importation rsquo s growth every year if market couldn rsquo t meet demand of the national rsquo s need of fresh milk. In 1997, there was trade liberalization which remove domestic dairy policy and decrease import duty of milk. This policy made domestic dairy price dealing with milk import price, which give fluctuation depend on supply and demand from international side. It affects structure of domestic dairy industry to become tight oligopoly. This concentration of dairy industry resulting dairies behaviour and its preformance.The market structure analyzed through Market Share MS and ConcentrationRatio CR of big four companies. Entry barriers is calculated using Minimum Effisiency Scale MES . While the dairies behaviour in pricing and buying from farmers researched by indepth interview of farmers, dairies and cooperatives. Performance of dairy are acquired through Price Cost Margin PCM .The research concludes that the structure of the dairy industry in Indonesia is concentrated, due to the elimination of the policy during 1998 2011. It concludes that the dairy industry rsquo s structure is affected by the policy. The concentrated structure of the dairy industry is influenced by pricing and distribution behavior that set up by the dairies. The company can set the purchasing price of fresh milk from domestic farmer level less is than the purchase price of fresh milk from farmers in the overseas level. The behavior of the dairy industry itself is not affected by the policy, but influenced by the structure of the dairy industry. Farmers in the country are unable to supply domestic consumption led to dairies using imported milk. Which statically almost 80 of milk imported raw materials dominate the dairy industry in Indonesia. This explanation describe how the dairy industry 39 s performance is influenced by the price of imported milk and not due to the behavior of dairies, while the performance of the dairy industry itself is not affected by the policy. The relationship between structure, conduct and performance of dairy industry is not supporting the Structure Conduct Performance approach which developed by the Harvard, who found positive relationship between the structure of the market with the level of performance"

"Susu sapi memiliki perbedaan kadar kalsium pada masing-masing sampel yang dianalisis. Susu sapi dapat tercemar kadmium dan timbal, yang disebabkan karena pakan ternak sapi yang tercemar oleh polusi kendaraan bermotor, pakan ternak sapi yang mengandung pestisida yang diberikan secara berlebihan dan minuman atau air yang mengandung bahan pencemar, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan pada kesehatan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kalsium, kadmium dan timbal pada susu "X" dari daerah Depok, susu "Y" dari swalayan dan susu "Z" dari daerah Jakarta Selatan. Sampel didestruksi dengan menggunakan lempeng pemanas pada suhu 200ºC selama kurang lebih 1 jam, dengan menggunakan asam nitrat pekat dan hidrogen peroksida pekat. Kalsium dianalisis pada panjang gelombang 422,7 nm, kadmium dianalisis pada panjang gelombang 228,8 nm dan untuk timbal dianalisis pada panjang gelombang 283,3 nm. Masing masing diukur dengan spektrofotometer serapan atom. Kadar kalsium dalam susu "X" dari daerah Depok sebesar 38,45 ppm; susu "Y" dari swalayan sebesar 29,00 ppm dan susu "Z" dari daerah Jakarta Selatan sebesar 30,72 ppm. Kadar kadmium dalam susu "X" dari daerah Depok sebesar 0,02 ppm; susu "Y" dari swalayan sebesar 0,02 ppm dan susu "Z" dari daerah Jakarta Selatan sebesar 0,02 ppm. Kadar timbal dalam susu "X" dari daerah Depok sebesar 0,15 ppm; susu "Y" dari swalayan sebesar 0,07 ppm dan susu "Z" dari daerah Jakarta Selatan sebesar 0,07 ppm. Cemaran timbal dalam susu melewati batas maksimum cemaran timbal berdasarkan Badan Standardisasi Nasional tahun 2009.

---

Every cow?s milk samples have different concentration of calcium. Cow?s milk can be contaminated by cadmium and lead, which is caused by animal feed contaminated from motor vehicle pollution, animal feed containing pesticide given to excess and drink or water that contains contaminants causing disturbance in health.

This research aimed to analyze the calcium, cadmium and lead on the milk "X" from Depok, milk "Y" from supermarket and milk "Z" from South Jakarta. Sample was destruct by using hot plate at temperature 200ºC for approximately 1 hour, using concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Calcium was analyzed at wavelength 422,7 nm, cadmium was analyzed at wavelength 228,8 nm, and lead was analyzed at wavelength 283,3 nm. Each measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Calcium levels in milk "X" from Depok was 38,45 ppm; milk "Y" from supermarket is 29,00 ppm and milk "Z" from South Jakarta was 30,72 ppm. Cadmium levels in milk "X" from Depok was 0,02 ppm; milk "Y" from supermarket is 0,02 ppm and milk "Z" from South Jakarta was 0,02 ppm. Lead levels in milk "X" from Depok was 0,15 ppm; milk "Y" from supermarket is 0,07 ppm and milk "Z" from South Jakarta was 0,07 ppm. Lead contamination in milk over the maximum levels of lead contamination base on Badan Standardisasi Nasional 2009."