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"The aims of the research was to study the occurance of strongyloidiasis and fascioliasis in Ba wean deer in correlation with gastrointestine helminthes infection on ruminant cattle in Bawean Island.Research subject was of 240 faecal sample of Bawen deer and ruminant cattle at the rainy season and dry season from Bawean Island. The obtained data of observation and laboratory examination was analysed by statistical method of chi square test.The result described that the similarity on their morphology and size of both Strongyloides sp. and Fasciola sp. egg in Bawean deer and the ruminant cattle were found inside the area reserve. That was occured because of grazing in the same pasture, water source, and had asimilarity of anatomy and taxonomy between deer and cattle. The differences of fascioliasis and strongyloidiasis were affected by the population and geographical condition, respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestine helminthes in Bawean deer and ruminant cattle were higher during the rainy season than in its dry season with P<0,05"

"Rusa bawean (Axis kuhlii) merupakan spesies rusa endemik Indonesia berstatus konservasi kritis, sehingga diperlukan upaya konservasi ex-situ untuk menjamin keberlangsungan hidupnya, salah satunya melalui pelestarian di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR). Informasi terkait perilaku rusa bawean secara umum masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pengamatan untuk menganalisis perilaku sosial dan seksual, yang diharapkan dapat mendukung upaya pelestarian rusa bawean. Observasi dilakukan pada Januari–Februari 2025, menggunakan metode scan sampling dan ad libitum, dengan total waktu pengamatan lima jam tanpa jeda. Kandang dihuni oleh 19 individu rusa bawean, dengan komposisi umur dan jenis kelamin bervariasi, serta rasio jantan terhadap betina sebesar 1,25:1. Pengamatan yang dilakukan menghasilkan total 1.496 kejadian selama 32 pengulangan, dengan 52% merupakan perilaku seksual dan 48,06% perilaku sosial. Jantan cenderung memiliki kontrol terhadap akses pakan dan ruang, serta menunjukkan agresi (16,4%) terhadap individu lain. Sebagian besar perilaku seksual cenderung diinisiasi oleh jantan, dengan follow (14,6%) sebagai aspek perilaku seksual tertinggi. Kendati demikian, betina juga menunjukkan respons ketertarikan melalui inisiasi allo-groom (6,8%), meskipun sebagian besar betina diduga belum reseptif. Selama periode pengamatan, tercatat satu peristiwa kopulasi serta kelahiran satu anak rusa. Hasil pengamatan mengindikasikan bahwa populasi rusa bawean di TMR menunjukkan perilaku sosial dan seksual yang cenderung didominasi oleh jantan.

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Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is a deer endemic to Indonesia, currently classified as Critically Endangered (CR), emphasizing the urgent need for ex-situ conservation—one of which conducted at Ragunan Zoo. General information regarding the behavior of Bawean deer remains limited. Therefore, observation was conducted to analyze their social and sexual behavior, which are expected to contribute to the species’ conservation efforts. The study was carried out from January to February 2025 using scan sampling and ad libitum methods, totaling five hours of continuous observation. The enclosure housed 19 individuals of varying ages and sexes, with a male-to-female ratio of 1,25:1. Observations yielded a total of 1,496 behavioral events over 32 sessions, comprising 52% sexual behavior and 48.06% social behavior. Males tended to exhibit control over access to food, space, and displayed aggression (16.4%) toward conspecifics. Males initiated most sexual behaviors, with follow being the most frequent (14.6%). However, females also showed signs of interest, notably through the initiation of allo-grooming (6.8%), despite most females being presumed non-receptive. During the observation period, one copulation and one fawn birth were recorded. These findings indicate that the Bawean deer population at Ragunan Zoo exhibit social and sexual behavior that are predominantly male-driven."