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"Penyakit diare di Kota Tegal, berdasarkan profil kesehatan Kota Tegal tahun 2016 setiap tahunnya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan perilaku higiene masyarakat yang buruk salah satunya yaitu perilaku buang air besar sembarangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku buang air besar sembarangan dengan kejadian diare di Kota Tegal. Faktor lainnya yang diduga terkait dengan kejadian diare pada rumah tangga antara lain karakteristik yang meliputi usia, tingkat Pendidikan, tingkat ekonomi, dan sanitasi lingkungan yang meliputi kepemilikan jamban, ketersediaan sumber air, jarak Penampung akhir tinja ke sumber air, serta keberadaan vektor lalat. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Sebanyak 5,85% rumah tangga ditemukan masih berperilaku buang air besar sembarangan, dan 36,6% rumah tangga mengalami diare. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku buang air besar sembarangan dengan kejadian diare (p value=0,044). Selain itu, pada penelitian ini ditemukan faktor yang paling dominan yang dapat menyebabkan diare adalah usia, kepemilikan jamban, dan jarak penampung akhir tinja ke sumber air.

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Based on the Health Profile of Tegal City in 2016, diarrhea disease in Tegal, tends to increase every year. This is caused by the condition of environmental sanitation and poor hygiene behavior, one of which is the behaviour of open defecation. This study aims to determine the relationship between open defecation behaviour and the incidence of diarrhea in Tegal. Other factors that are thought to be related to the incidence of diarrhea in households include characteristics such as age, education level, economic level, and environmental sanitation which include latrine ownership, availability of water sources, distance of septic tank to the water sources, and the presence of fly as vector. The statistical test used was the chi-square test and logistic regression. As many as 5.85% of households were found to have open defecation, and 36.6% of households had diarrhea. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between open defecation behavior and the incidence of diarrhea (p value = 0.044). In this study, it was found that the most dominant factors that can cause diarrhea are age, ownership of a latrine, and the distance of septic tank to the water source."

"Konstipasi merupakan gangguan sistem gastrointestinal, ditandai defekasi tidak tuntas, pola defekasi berubah, dan frekuensi defekasi berkurang. Faktor resiko penyebab konstipasi diruang rawat inap adalah usia, kondisi medis, kebiasaan defekasi, faktor psikologis, penggunaan medikasi, aktivitas fisik, asupan serat dan cairan. Dampak konstipasi dapat menjadi serius sehingga menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Intervensi yang diterapkan dalam mengatasi konstipasi dengan melakukan masase abdomen dan konsumsi air putih hangat. Laporan menggunakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, analisis data dan diagnosis, intervensi, implementasi dan evaluasi keperawatan. Masase abdomen dan konsumsi air putih hangat dilakukan 1 kali sehari selama 3 hari berturut-turut dengan waktu 10-15 menit secara kontinu. Hasil intervensi terbukti menurunkan tanda dan gejala konstipasi, serta skor Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) dan pasien defekasi dihari ke 3 setelah implementasi. Kesimpulannya masase abdomen dan konsumsi air hangat mengoptimalkan intervensi dan terbukti efektif diterapkan pada pasien konstipasi diruang rawat inap.

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Constipation is a disorder of the gastrointestinal system, characterized by incomplete defecation, altered defecation patterns, and reduced defecation frequency. Risk factors that cause constipation in the inpatient room are age, medical conditions, defecation habits, psychological factors, use of medication, physical activity, fiber and fluid intake. The impact of constipation can be serious, reducing the patient's quality of life. Interventions applied to treat constipation include abdominal massage and drinking warm water. The report uses a case study with a nursing care process approach which includes assessment, data analysis and diagnosis, intervention, implementation and nursing evaluation. Abdominal massage and consumption of warm water is carried out once a day for 3 consecutive days for 10-15 minutes continuously. The results of the intervention were proven to reduce signs and symptoms of constipation, as well as Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) scores and patient defecation on the 3rd day after implementation. In conclusion, abdominal massage and consumption of warm water optimizes the intervention and is proven to be effective for constipated patients in the inpatient room."