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"Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an important semiconductor material due to its broad applications, such as in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, photocatalysts, and solar cells. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of pressure in post-hydrothermal treatment on crystallinity enhancement, crystallite growth, and band gap reduction of ZnO nanoparticles, which could be expected to improve their performance as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell application. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized through the precipitation method, followed by a sequence of thermal treatments including drying, calcination, and Post-hydrothermal Treatment (PHT). For increasing the crystallinity of ZnO nanoparticles, PHT was carried out with a pressure variation of 1 and 3 bar. The resulting nanoparticles were further characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study showed that by increasing the PHT pressure from 1 to 3 bar caused an adverse effect on the crystallinity, i.e. the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles slightly decreased from 27.42 to 26.88 nm. This was expected to be due to the increase of the boiling point of water causing less effective of vapor generated to improve the crystallinity by a cleavage mechanism on the inorganic framework. The band gap energy (Eg), however, was found to increase slightly from 3.25 to 3.26 eV, respectively. Considering the obtained properties, ZnO nanoparticles in this study have the potential to be used as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cells."

"Bawang-bawangan, termasuk bawang prei,•sudah digunakanselarna 3000 tahun,baik sebagai p enainbah rasa padamakanan maupun sebagai obat tradisional.Penelitian Inengenai efek farmakologi bawang mi beluinbanyak dilakukan.Telah dilakukan percobaan mengenai efek antihepatotoksikbawang prei (Allium fistulosum Linn). Fadaperoobaan mi tikus betina yang digunakan dibagi dalamtiga kelompok secara acak. Keloinpok I adalah keloinpoknormal. Kelompok II, adalah kelompok yang diberi karbontetrakiorida dengan dosis 0,55mg/g BB. Sedangkan padakelompok III, tikus diberi sari-air bawangprei dosis20g/kg BB selama 8 hari berturut-turut. Lalu 2 jamkemudian diberi Cd4. Selanjutnya efekantihepatotoksikbawang prei diperiksa melalui perubahan aktivitas GPTp lasma dan dengan mengukur derajat kerusakan hati.Melaluj kedua cara p emeriksaan yang dilakukan,• ternyata kelompok III memperlihatkan perbedaan yangberinakna dengan kelompok II. Haka dapat disimpulkanbahwa sari-air baw,ang prei mengandung suatu senyawaYang dapat menghambat' kerusakan sel-sel hati yangdisebabkan oleh karbon tetrakiorida.

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Allium vegetables, including welsh onions, have

been used for 3000 years as flavor-enhancing foods and

folk medicines. Little information is available,

however, on its pharmacologic effects.

Here in, the experiment about antihepatotoxic

effects of welsh onions (Allium fistuloswzz Linn) have'

been done,. In this experiment, the female rats were

divided randomly into three groups. One is normal

group. Group II was given an oral of carbon tetrachoride

with dose of 055 mg/g body weight. And the group

III was given an oral of an aqueous-extract of welsh

onions daily with dose of 20 g/kg body weigh for eight

days. And two hours later, by CC14. The antihepatotoxic

effect of welsh onions was examine through canges in

GPT plasma activity and observation on the extent or

damage in the liver.

From both the examination, group III showed

significantly differences with group II. It conclude

that the aqueous-extract of welsh onions contains

substances, which could inhibit liver cells damage

caused by carbon tetrachloride."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 120-123Congenital heart disease is a condition of heart anomaly found since birth. The most common is ventricular septal defect whereby an aperture is found in the partition of heart chamber. It is estimated that 40,000 newborn in Indonesia have this defective condition. Dental treatment for patient with such condition must be undertaken in a very cautious way. Tooth with multiple caries can potentially lead to endocarditis bacteria. As such, dentist must be watchful on dental treatment that may worsen the patient's condition. To prevent endocarditis bacteria, a prophylaxis antibiotic is required as recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA). In this particular case, a dental treatment was undertaken to a child patient with congenital heart disease. Previously, the patient has undergone dental treatment in the form of multiple extraction under general anesthesia before conducting cardiac surgery. ln this case the treatment includes mortal pulpotomy, GIC restoration, and fissure sealant - all conducted in one visit under general anesthesia. After a year after the treatment,here are no complaint from the patient and no irregularity in x-ray results."