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"ABSTRAKProduk yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik akan didistribusikan ke pengecermelalui distributor. Sehingga perlu ditentukan strategi terbaik untukmendistribusikan produk dari pabrik ke distributor dan dari distributor kepelanggan sesuai kebutuhan pelanggan. Masalah pendistribusian produk inimerupakan bagian dari masalah pengelolaan rantai pasokan.Pada tesis ini dibahas pengelolaan rantai pasokan yang terdiri dua tahap.Pertama, tahap dimana produk yang dihasilkan pabrik didistribusikan kedistributor. Kedua, tahap dimana distributor mendistribusikan produk kepengecer. Untuk menentukan penyelesaian pada setiap tahap digunakan metodetransportasi. Selanjutnya untuk mencari penyelesaian secara keseluruhan dapatdigunakan prinsip keoptimuman Bellman. Solusi optimal secara keseluruhanmerupakan gabungan dari solusi optimal setiap tahap.

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AbstractProducts that produced by a manufacturers are to be distributed to retailerthrough distributor. It is necessary to establish a best strategy to distribute theproduct from the manufacturer to the distributor and from the distributor tocustomer in line with customer?s need. Product distribution problem is apparentlya part of the management of supply chain problem.In this thesis, it is described the management of supply chain which canbe divided into two phases. The first phase is how the products produced bymanufacturer are distributed to ditributors. The second phase is how thedistributor distributes the products to retailers. To solve the problem in eachphace, the transportation method is used futhermore, to fine the solution of theentire phases. Bellman Optimizing Principle is adopted. The optimal solutionofthe whole problem is the combination of the optimal solution of each phase."

"Sentul City merupakan kawasan hunian dan komersial yang cukup ramai di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jumlah penduduk dan rumah tangga pada kawasan ini terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga kebutuhan energinya pun terus bertambah. Penggunaan gas alam, dalam hal ini gas kota, dapat menjadi alternatif energi yang memiliki banyak kelebihan apabila dibandingkan dengan LPG. Dibandingkan dengan LPG, gas kota lebih murah, ketersediaannya melimpah, dan ramah lingkungan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gas sejumlah 4.299.840 m³/tahun di kawasan ini, dibutuhkan pembangunan jaringan pipa distribusi sepanjang 36.196 m dengan kombinasi Pipa MDPE 80 SDR 11 Ø 125mm digunakan sebagai pipa utama serta Pipa MDPE 80 SDR 11 Ø 90mm dan pipa MDPE 80 SDR 11 Ø 63mm digunakan untuk pipa pada cluster perumahan dan area komersial menuju muka bangunan pelanggan. Harga jual gas yang layak untuk proyek ini adalah Rp4.950 untuk pelanggan rumah tangga dan Rp6.000 untuk pelanggan komersial. Dengan begitu, proyek dikatakan layak karena memperoleh nilai NPV sebesar Rp3.962.490.849, IRR sebesar 12,85%, dan PBP selama 7,43 tahun.......Sentul City is a densely residential and commercial area in Bogor Regency, West Java. The number of residents and households in this area continues to increase every year, increasing the area's energy demand. Natural gas, in this case city gas, can be used as an alternative energy source which has many advantages. Compared to LPG, city gas is cheaper, abundantly available, and environmentally friendly. To meet the gas demand of 4,299,840 m³/year in this area, it required to build a distribution pipeline network of 36,196 m long with a combination of MDPE Pipe 80 SDR 11 Ø 125mm used as the main pipe also MDPE Pipe 80 SDR 11 Ø 90mm and MDPE Pipe 80 SDR 11 Ø 63mm are used for pipes in residential clusters and commercial areas to the customer's building facade. The proper selling price of gas for this project is Rp4,950 for household customers and Rp6,000 for commercial customers. That way, the project is said to be feasible because it has an NPV value of Rp. 3,962,490,849, an IRR of 12.85%, and a PBP of 7.43 years."

"[ABSTRAKPembangunan Jaringan Distribusi Gas Bumi untuk Rumah Tangga (JGRT) adalahsalah satu program Pemerintah untuk memperbanyak penggunaan gas bumi.Program JGRT dilaksanakan di 24 kota di seluruh Indonesia dengan sasaransebanyak 80.000 rumah tangga. Salah satu kota yang terpilih adalah Kota Depok.Pembangunan JGRT Kota Depok diberikan terhadap 4000 rumah tangga diKelurahan Beji dan Beji Timur pada tahun 2010. Namun hingga saat ini belumpernah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan program tersebut.Penelitian ini mencoba mengevaluasi pencapaian outcomes programpembangunan JGRT di Kota Depok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatansurvei dengan jumlah responden 150 rumah tangga yang dipilih dengan metodeproportional random sampling. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara deskriptifkuantitatif.Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa jumlah penerima program yangberalih menggunakan gas bumi dari LPG tabung sebesar 93,45%. Konsumsi gasbumi dari penerima program dapat menggantikan 11.439 tabung LPG 3kg dan1.120 LPG 12kg per bulan. Jumlah tersebut hanya 0,85% dari total rumah tanggadan total konsumsi LPG 3kg dan 12kg per bulan di Kota Depok. Penghematansubsidi yang telah didapatkan Pemerintah sejak bulan Juni tahun 2011 sampaidengan Desember tahun 2013 sebesar 8,2 miliar rupiah. Analisis persepsiresponden terhadap penggunaan gas bumi disimpulkan bahwa gas bumi terbuktilebih murah, lebih aman, dan lebih praktis dibandingkan LPG 3kg dan 12kg.Hambatan program JGRT Kota Depok adalah belum adanya pengembanganJGRT ke wilayah lain di Kota Depok.

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ABSTRAKThe Development of Natural Gas Distribution Network for Household (JGRT) isone of the Government of Indonesia's programs to increase the use of natural gas.JGRT program is implemented in 24 cities across Indonesia with a target of80,000 households, including Depok as one of the pilot. The JGRT Depokdevelopment was applied to 4000 households in Beji and East Beji Village in2010. However, an evaluation of the implementation of the program has neverbeen conducted until today.This study is focused on evaluating the achievement of the program outcomes ofthe JGRT in Depok. The study was conducted by using the survey approach with150 households selected as respondents. The respondents? selection process wasdone by using proportional random sampling method, while the analysis wasconducted by using descriptive quantitative method.Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the number of beneficiaries whopreviously use the LPG tubes and switch to use the natural gas is 93.45% of allsurveyed beneficiaries. The amount of gas consumption can substitute 11,439tubes of LPG 3kg and 1,120 tubes of LPG 12kg per month. This figure represents0.85% of the total households in Depok and total monthly of 3kg and 12kg LPGconsumption in Depok. Government subsidies which have been saved since Juneof 2011 until December of 2013 amounted to 8.2 billion Rupiah. Based on theanalysis of respondent?s perceptions of the use of natural gas, it is concluded thatthe natural gas is proven to be cheaper, safer and more practical compared to LPG3kg and 12kg. The barriers of the JGRT program in Depok is the lack ofdevelopment JGRT to other areas in Depok.;The Development of Natural Gas Distribution Network for Household (JGRT) isone of the Government of Indonesia's programs to increase the use of natural gas.JGRT program is implemented in 24 cities across Indonesia with a target of80,000 households, including Depok as one of the pilot. The JGRT Depokdevelopment was applied to 4000 households in Beji and East Beji Village in2010. However, an evaluation of the implementation of the program has neverbeen conducted until today.This study is focused on evaluating the achievement of the program outcomes ofthe JGRT in Depok. The study was conducted by using the survey approach with150 households selected as respondents. The respondents? selection process wasdone by using proportional random sampling method, while the analysis wasconducted by using descriptive quantitative method.Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the number of beneficiaries whopreviously use the LPG tubes and switch to use the natural gas is 93.45% of allsurveyed beneficiaries. The amount of gas consumption can substitute 11,439tubes of LPG 3kg and 1,120 tubes of LPG 12kg per month. This figure represents0.85% of the total households in Depok and total monthly of 3kg and 12kg LPGconsumption in Depok. Government subsidies which have been saved since Juneof 2011 until December of 2013 amounted to 8.2 billion Rupiah. Based on theanalysis of respondent?s perceptions of the use of natural gas, it is concluded thatthe natural gas is proven to be cheaper, safer and more practical compared to LPG3kg and 12kg. The barriers of the JGRT program in Depok is the lack ofdevelopment JGRT to other areas in Depok.;The Development of Natural Gas Distribution Network for Household (JGRT) isone of the Government of Indonesia's programs to increase the use of natural gas.JGRT program is implemented in 24 cities across Indonesia with a target of80,000 households, including Depok as one of the pilot. The JGRT Depokdevelopment was applied to 4000 households in Beji and East Beji Village in2010. However, an evaluation of the implementation of the program has neverbeen conducted until today.This study is focused on evaluating the achievement of the program outcomes ofthe JGRT in Depok. The study was conducted by using the survey approach with150 households selected as respondents. The respondents’ selection process wasdone by using proportional random sampling method, while the analysis wasconducted by using descriptive quantitative method.Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the number of beneficiaries whopreviously use the LPG tubes and switch to use the natural gas is 93.45% of allsurveyed beneficiaries. The amount of gas consumption can substitute 11,439tubes of LPG 3kg and 1,120 tubes of LPG 12kg per month. This figure represents0.85% of the total households in Depok and total monthly of 3kg and 12kg LPGconsumption in Depok. Government subsidies which have been saved since Juneof 2011 until December of 2013 amounted to 8.2 billion Rupiah. Based on theanalysis of respondent’s perceptions of the use of natural gas, it is concluded thatthe natural gas is proven to be cheaper, safer and more practical compared to LPG3kg and 12kg. The barriers of the JGRT program in Depok is the lack ofdevelopment JGRT to other areas in Depok., The Development of Natural Gas Distribution Network for Household (JGRT) isone of the Government of Indonesia's programs to increase the use of natural gas.JGRT program is implemented in 24 cities across Indonesia with a target of80,000 households, including Depok as one of the pilot. The JGRT Depokdevelopment was applied to 4000 households in Beji and East Beji Village in2010. However, an evaluation of the implementation of the program has neverbeen conducted until today.This study is focused on evaluating the achievement of the program outcomes ofthe JGRT in Depok. The study was conducted by using the survey approach with150 households selected as respondents. The respondents’ selection process wasdone by using proportional random sampling method, while the analysis wasconducted by using descriptive quantitative method.Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the number of beneficiaries whopreviously use the LPG tubes and switch to use the natural gas is 93.45% of allsurveyed beneficiaries. The amount of gas consumption can substitute 11,439tubes of LPG 3kg and 1,120 tubes of LPG 12kg per month. This figure represents0.85% of the total households in Depok and total monthly of 3kg and 12kg LPGconsumption in Depok. Government subsidies which have been saved since Juneof 2011 until December of 2013 amounted to 8.2 billion Rupiah. Based on theanalysis of respondent’s perceptions of the use of natural gas, it is concluded thatthe natural gas is proven to be cheaper, safer and more practical compared to LPG3kg and 12kg. The barriers of the JGRT program in Depok is the lack ofdevelopment JGRT to other areas in Depok.]"

"Penelitian ditujukan untuk melihat seberapa jauh manajemen dapat mengendalikan biaya memanfaatkan laporan akuntansi manajemen. dengan Dalam bisnisnya sebagian dari revenue perusahaan distributor adalah komisi sebesar prosentase tertentu dari penjualan. Laba maksimal yang akan diterima adalah sarna dengan margin tersebut. Untuk mencapai penerimaan yang maksimal, biaya harus dapat dikendalikan. Penulisan skripsi dilakukan dengan metode yaitu (1) mengadakan diskusi dan wawancara (2) mempelajari sistim akuntansi perusahaan (3) riset kepustakaan dan literatur akuntansi. Laporan akuntansi manajemen dalam perusahaan diberikan oleh 3 bagian dalam departemen Management Accounting 1!( Information System. Bagian memberikan analisa laporan keuangan dan anggaran anggaran neraca dan rugi laba untuk setiap divisi operasi dan administrasi. Manajemen menggunakan analisa laporan keuangan dan anggaran sebagai rambu-rambu untuk mencapai efisiensi biaya. Bagian marketing accounting memberikan laporan berupa Worksheet of Advance and Interest Calculation. Dalam usaha pengendalian biaya, manajemen menggunakan laporan marketing accounting untuk mengendalikan biaya-biaya tetap yang dibebankan kepada prinsipal. Bagian special project memberikan laporan sesuai dengan tugas khusus yang diberikan kepadanya. Di sini laporan yang diberikan berupa studi kelayakan pabrik sumpit dan selai. Dari hasil penelitian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa manajemen telah dapat memanfaatkan laporan akuntansi manajemen untuk tugas-tugas operasional yang rutin dan sebagian kecil untuk tingkat management control. Sedangkan pengambilan keputusan oleh manajemen puncak dalam perencanaan stratejik, kontribusi akuntansi manajemen masih perlu ditingkatkan."

"Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di bidang kelistrikan saat ini adalah pemanfaatan distributed generation khususnya PLTS Atap atau dikenal dengan PV Rooftop. Pelanggan memanfaatkan energi listrik dari PV Rooftop untuk kebutuhan listriknya dan juga dapat mentransfer energinya (eksport) ke system kelistrikan PLN jika energi dari PV Rooftop berlebih. Sedangkan PLN tetap mengirimkan energi ke pelanggan jika energi dari PV tidak memenuhi konsumsi listriknya (import). Dengan ketersediaan data smart-meter orde jam beban pelanggan PV Rooftop, maka optimalisasi data untuk keperluan data scientist, data analyst, dan data engineer sehingga informasi data ini dapat dignakan untuk manajemen energi yang efisien dan andal. Peralaman beban untuk pelanggan PV menjadi masalah yang sulit dipecahkan dikarenakan beragamnya tipe penggunaan listrik (konsumsi listrik) dan ketidakpastian faktor eksternal (cuaca) karena penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan (energi matahari) sehingga menimbulkan celah dalam akurasinya. Untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan machine-learning yaitu Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (Artificial Neural Network-ANN) pada MATLAB® dengan algoritma pembelajaran backpropagation dan fungsi aktivasi sigmoid untuk menghasilkan model peramalan beban  orde jam meliputi hari kerja dan hari libur pada pelanggan PV per segment tarif (Pelanggan Rumah Tangga, Pelanggan Bisnis, Pelanggan Industri, Pelanggan Sosial dan Pelanggan Pemerintah). dengan mempertimbangkan variasi konsumsi listrik dan temperatur. Lingkup pengambilan data penelitian dibatasi beban listrik pada pelanggan di Jakarta dan sampling dilakukan selama bulan Juli s/d Oktober 2019. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa prediksi ANN menghasilkan kinerja dengan Mean Square Error (MSE) sebesar 2%. Prediksi beban listrik tanggal 21 s/d 27 Oktober 2019 memperlihatkan rata-rata error ANN adalah 21%, sedangkan rata-rata error metode regresi adalah 39%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prediksi beban listrik menggunakan ANN lebih akurat sebesar 20% dibandingkan dengan metode regresi oleh PLN. Berdasarkan analisis keekonomian, pelanggan mendapatkan efisiensi biaya listrik sebesar 21%, sedangkan PLN berkurang pendapatan sebesar ± Rp. 300 juta/bulan. Strategi manajemen yang diusulkan dengan mempertimbangkan benefit kedua pihak (PLN dan Konsumen) adalah dengan keterlibatan PLN sebagai integrator (sisi hulu dan sales), ketelibatan Pemerintah dan keterlibatan dukungan Bank sebagai

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The very rapid technological development in the electricity sector at present is the use of special distributed PLTS known as PV Rooftop. Customers use energy from the PV for their electricity needs and can also transfer their energy (export) to the PLN electricity system if the energy from their PV is excessive. While PLN continues to send energy to customers if using energy from PV does not meet its electricity consumption (imports). While the avaibility of fine-grained smart meter data for PV customers load, optimization could be done for the needs of data scientists, data analysts and data engineers makes this data information usable for efficient and reliable energy management. Forecasting the PV Customer load, however, can be an intractable problem. These loads are characterized by uncertainty and variations due to the use of renewable energy sources (solar energy), leaving much room to improve accuracy. To improve the PV customer load forecast accuracy, this paper advocates a machine-learning tool called Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on MATLAB® with backpropagation learning algorithm and sigmoid activation, include load forecasting per tariff segment (Household Customers, Business Customers, Industrial Customers, Social Customers and Government Customers). The scope of the study took data on electricity loads to customers in Jakarta and sampling was conducted from July to October 2019. The test results show that ANN deterministic load forecasting model can achieve satisfactory performance with the mean square error (MSE) of 2% . Electricity load predictions from 21 to 27 October 2019 have an average error of ANN is 21%, while the average error of the regression method is 39%. Thus it can be concluded that the estimated cost of using ANN electricity is more accurate by 20% compared to the regression method by PLN. Based on economic analysis, customers get electricity cost efficiencies of  21%, while PLN reduces revenue by ±Rp. 300 million/month. The proposed management strategy by considering the benefits of both parties (PLN and Consumers) is to involve PLN as an integrator (upstream and sales side), Government involvement and involvement of Bank supporters as lenders."