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Abstrak :
Multidrug Resistant Organism adalah bakteri yang resisten terhadap satu atau lebih kelas antibiotika. Infeksi MDRO menyebabkan kegagalan terapi pada beberapa jenis antibiotik dan meningkatkan kesulitan untuk penyembuhan. Infeksi MDRO cukup banyak ditemukan pada pelayanan kesehatan terutama di bagian Intensive Care Unit karena pengaruh beberapa faktor risiko yang diantaranya pemakaian alat medis intensif, status imunologis yang lemah, dan transmisi dari petugas kesehatan. Penggunaan alat medis intensif terutama adalah tracheal tube adalah faktor risiko terjadinya kolonisasi bakteri Pseudomonas sp yang tidak jarang ditemukan di ICU adalah MDR-Pseudomonas sp. Oleh karena itu, data mengenai kejadian kolonisasi MDR-Pseudomonas sp. yang dihubungkan dengan riwayat penggunaan tracheal tube di ICU dibutuhkan untuk melakukan usaha pencegahan infeksi MDR-Pseudomonas sp. di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional analitik yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo , Jakarta Pusat pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2012. Data diambil dari data sekunder yang berasal dari kultur sputum dari 111 pasien yang dirawat di ICU pusat RSCM. Sampel diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data yang didapat oleh peneliti dianalisis dengan metode chi-square, dengan p=0.05. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah prevalensi 8,1%, RP>1, nilai kemaknaan p=0.164, dan IK 95% 0.986 ; 2.787. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penggunaan tracheal tube dengan infeksi MDR-Pseudomonas sp. ......Multidrug Resistance Organism (MDRO) is bacteria resist with one or more antibiotics group. MDRO can cause the failure of treatment in some types of antibiotics and increases the difficulty for healing. MDRO infection commonly found in health services, especially in the Intensive Care Unit due to the influence of several risk factors including intensive use of medical devices, the lack of immunological status, and transmission of health workers. The use of medical devices, particularly tracheal tube, is a risk factor of colonization MDR- Pseudomonas sp. Therefore, we need data of MDR- Pseudomonas sp. colonization in Indonesia Hospital associated with administration history of tracheal tube in patients of adult ICU. So the practitioner can use these data for prevention and control of infection MDR- Pseudomonas sp. in hospital especially in ICU. This is an analytical cross sectional study conducted at central ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital on January, 2011 until June, 2012. Samples taken from secondary data derived from sputum examinations and medical records of 111 patients in ICU RSCM. We select the sample by consecutive sampling method. Data were analyzed with chi-square method, with p = 0.05. The results are prevalence 8,1%, RP> 1, the value of significance p = 0164, and 95% CI 0986; 2787. These results suggest that there is no association between administration history of tracheal tube and incidence of infection by MDR- Pseudomonas sp.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya pengaruh pemberian suplementasi makanan cair 500 kalori per hari berturut-turut dari awal radiasi sampai radiasi ke 20 terhadap kadar albumin serum dan berat badan pasien kanker nasofaring yang menjalani kemoradioterapi. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis paralel, membandingkan kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi makanan cair disertai penyuluhan gizi dan diet sehari-hari (P) dengan kelompok yang hanya mendapat penyuluhan gizi dan diet sehari-hari saja (K). Sebanyak 18 pasien kanker nasofaring yang menjalani kemoradioterapi yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, stadium penyakit, asupan energi dan protein dengan food recall 1 x 24 jam Serta kebutuhan energi dan protein dengan rumus Harris- Benedict. Pemeriksaan kadar albumin semm Serta berat badan dilalcukan pada awal dan akhir perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan berpasangan Serta uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Diperoleh 8 orang di kelompok P dan 8 orang di kelompok K dengan usia 18-59 tahun yang mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Tidak ada perbedaan data awal yang bermakna antara kelompok P dan kelompok K. Pcnurunan ltadar albumin serum pada kelompok P Iebih rendah daripada kelompok K. Diperoleh rerata persentase penurunan berat badan pada kelompok P yang kurang 2,24 % dari kelompok K, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Pemberian suplementasi makanan cair 500 kalori per hari berturut-turut dari awal radiasi sampai radiasi ke 20 tidak dapat mempertahankan kadar albumin serum dan mengurangi rerata persentase penurunan berat badan pada kelompok perlakuan. ......The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of 500 calorie per day liquid food supplementation from the first day of chemoradiotherapy until twenty times radiation therapy on serum albumin level and body weight in nasopharynx cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. The study was a parallel randomized clinical trial.` Eighteen subjects of nasopharynx cancer patients treated with a targeted chemoradiotherapy were selected using certain criteria. The randomly (block randomization) eighteen subject were divided into two group. The treatment group received 500 calorie per day liquid food supplementation from the first day of treatment until twenty times radiation therapy, nutrition counseling and daily diet; the control group received nutrition counseling and daily diet alone. This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Department of Radiotherapy. Data collected included age, gender, body weight and tall, body mass index, intake of energy and protein, and using l x 24 hours food recall. Laboratory 'findings (serum albumin levels) were done before and after intervention. For statistical analysis, impaired t-test, paired t-test and Mann Whitney were used with the level of significance was 5%. Eight subjects in the treatment group and Eight subjects in the control group completed the study and analyzed. The characteristic data of the two groups at baseline were not significantly different, therefore they were closely matched at baseline. There were decrease of serum albumin in both group, but it was lower in the treatment group than the control group, although it is not statistically significant (p>0,05). There were a 23,24 % relative reduction in weight loss in the treatment group but it is not statistically significant. In conclusions, the influence of 500 calorie per day liquid -food supplementation from the first day of chemo radiotherapy until twenty times radiation' did not preserve serum albumin level and were not reduction in weight loss in the treatment group.

Abstrak :
This book gathers present knowledge on the involvement of ABC transporters in drug transport and resistance. Bringing together updated information from an otherwise-scattered field of scientific literature, this resource helps researchers in pharmaceutical science in discovering drugs able to counteract multidrug resistance in diseases like cancer. It examines ABC transporters not only at the cancer cell, but also in other important physiological localizations. This book covers these topics as well as the pharmaceutical and medicinal modulation and inhibition of ABC transporters, helping pharmaceutical researchers discover drugs to counteract multidrug resistance in diseases like cancer.