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Abstrak :
framework of international comparison, he analyzes the problems facing Chinas economy in terms of international trade, international finance, exchange rates and foreign exchange reserves, international investment, etc., and looks forward to the future development of Chinas economy. The development of professional readers and policy makers has great reference significance.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini menaklik hubungan negara dan bisnis dalam kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri China bernama BRI. Berangkat dari konsep ldquo;bina ekonomi negara rdquo; dan metode penelitian kualitatif ndash; studi kasus, penelitian ini mengafirmasi bahwa agenda konektivitas melalui BRI mengandung motif ekonomi dan politik China di Asia Tenggara. Tujuan strateginya, yaitu pendalaman hubungan kerja sama dan kontiunitas internasionalisasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan aktor bisnis memiliki keterlibatan penting dalam penyelenggaraan bina ekonomi negara. Industri konstruksi infrastruktur dan transportasi merupakan bagian dari pengendalian tersebut. Proses penetrasi berlangsung dalam empat faktor determinan. Pertama, kebijakan BRI dijadikan sebagai program pembangunan nasional yang sesuai visi China rsquo;s Rejuvenation, sehingga hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah subnasional terunifikasi. Kedua, tujuan antara pemerintah dengan aktor bisnis bersifat kompatibel. Terakhir, hubungan anatar pemerintah dengan kedua sektor industri beserta keterlibatan aktor bisnisnya menjadi direktif dan hierarkis, karena pemerintah melakukan penguasaan sistem kepemilikan, sistem manajemen perusahaan, dan struktur kepemimpinan perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara berhasil mengendalikan aktor bisnis.Kata kunci: BRI, Negara-Bisnis, Bina Ekonomi Negara, Konektivitas, dan Industri Konstruksi dan Transportasi.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis examines state business relations in Belt and Road Initiative as China rsquo s foreign economic policy. Set forth from ldquo economic statecraft rdquo theory and qualitative method, this research shows that connectivity agenda through BRI have economic and geostrategic motives and interrelated in Southeast Asia. The significance of the strategy are internationalization continuity and deepening of cooperation. This research found that commercial actor as important part to implemented economic statecraft. The penetration process occupy in four determinant factors. First, BRI is positioned as national development and convergent in ldquo China rsquo s Rejuvenation rdquo , so that the relationship between the central government and subnational government is unified. Second, the intrinsic goal is compatible between government and commercial actors. Third, market structure in infrastructure construction and transportation industry sector is created by government become more concentrated and monopoly. Finally, the reporting relationship between state and commercial actors become more directive, hierarchy, and centralized, because government exercises ownership control, corporate managements, and the composition of personnels and company leader is appointed directly by government. The results of this research indicate that state has controlled actor commercial for reach economic and geostrategic aims in Southeast Asia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Chinas contemporary) trans-regional initiative. to establish the. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) -previously known as One Beit One Road (OBOR) -has attracted a lot of attention; not only because the initiative involves more than 60 countries across Asia, Africa and south Europe, but also because it represents a re-emerging China that is being considered a challenger to the post-second World War liberal world order led by the United States. The initiative has also been perceived JS a Chinese strategy to enhance its influence beyond its traditional reaim by tJking advantage of its economic prowess. Indonesia was among the first countries introduced to the OBOR and whose territory is at the heart of the OBOR route. The country, however, has been prudent in the face of Chinese offers since it has perceived the initiative as both an opportunity and challenge in economic as well as strategic dimensions. In addition, the Chinese BRI grand initic1tive may create regional pro­blems due to hotspots in the South China Sea and the inclination of some regional states to support China rather than strengthen the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Thus, while it is important to weicome the initiative, critical assessments of the project are indeed necessary in order to understand its impact on the geo-economy and geo-politics of involved regions cind on future relations between the involved countries and China.

Abstrak :
Artikel ini membahas proses dan upaya Tiongkok dalam memulihkan perekonomian di Era Kepemimpinan Jiang Zemin (1989-2002) hingga terumuskannya teori `Tiga Perwakilan`( 三个代表). PascaPeristiwaTiananmen1989,keberlangsungan reformasi ekonomi Tiongkok terancam akibat menguatnya tekanan faksikonservatif yang menentang program Gaige Kaifang. Situasi itu membuat reformasi ekonomi Tiongkok terhenti dan perekonomian negara terpuruk. Adanya embargo dan kecaman internasional semakin memperburuk kondisi ekonomi Tiongkok tersebut. Upaya Jiang Zemin dalam membangun kembali perekonomian negara diantaranya dilakukan dengan mendapatkan kembali kepercayaan investor asing, membangun sektor swasta, dan internasionalisasi perdagangan Tiongkok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Jiang Zemin untuk menyelaraskan kebutuhan dalam negeri dengan kondisi internasional saat itu, berhasil membawa kemajuan yang signifikan bagi perekonomian Tiongkok. Upaya-upaya tersebut kemudian mengilhami perumusan teori `Tiga Perwakilan` ( 三 个 代 表 ). Artikelini menggunakan metode sejarah untuk menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan upaya Jiang Zemin dalam memperbaiki perekonomian Tiongkok pasca Peristiwa Tiananmen tahun 1989, hingga dirumuskannya teori `Tiga Perwakilan` (三个代表) pada 2002.