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"ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini, penulis melihat hubungan antara waktu pemilihan umum dan stabilitas politik dengan menggunakan data panel yang berisi data mengenai berbagai macam negara. Hasil analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara waktu pemilihan umum dengan stabilitas politik setelah penulis mengontrol variabel-variabel ekonomik, demografik, dan institusi lainnya. Jika negara-negara dalam set data yang digunakan penulis digolongkan kepada negara-negara autokratik, semi-autokratik, semi-demokratik, dan demokratik, penulis menemukan bahwa ada korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara waktu pemilihan umum dengan dengan stabilitas politik negara-negara autokratik. Saat variabel 'faktor spesifik negara' digunakan di dalam model, hubungan antara dua variabel tersebut menjadi tidak lagi signifikan. Penulis percaya bahwa beberapa faktor spesifik dalam sebuah negara, seperti kultur dan tingkat kereligiusan, dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas politik sebelum, saat, dan sesudah waktu pemilihan umum.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationship between election period and political stability through the use of panel dataset with country level data. The analysis suggests that there is no significant correlation between election period and political stability after controlling for economic, demographic, and institutional factors. When countries are grouped into autocratic, semi-autocratic, semi-democratic, and democratic countries, the author finds that there is a significant and positive correlation between election period in autocratic countries and political stability. Applying country fixed effects into the model reveals that the relationship between election period in autocratic countries and political stability is no longer significant. The author believes that certain country specific factors, such as culture and religiosity, play an important part in the disturbances and violence happening prior, during, and after an election."

"[ABSTRAKAdanya kebijakan pembangunan jalan kereta api di pulau Sulawesi untukmendukung pembangunan sarana publik dan pembangunan infrastruktur diSulawesi Selatan. Pembangunan jalan kereta api Trans Sulawesi (Makassar) Parepare) berjarak ±136,3 KM dan melewati 5 (lima) kota/Kabupaten yaitu KotaMakassar, Kab. Maros, Kab. Pangkep, Kab. Parepare, dan Kab. Barru. Nilaiinvestasi yang digunakan dalam pembangunan ini yang berdampak pada provinsiSulawesi selatan sebesar ± Rp. 908,16 Milliar. Metode penelitian yang digunakanadalah dengan analisa input-output dengan data awal adalah tabel input outputprovinsi Sulawesi selatan tahun 2009 kemudian di update dengan metode RASdan simple LQ. Dari penelitian ini setelah adanya pembangunan jalan KA TransSulawesi (Makassar Parepare) sektor kunci dalam perekonomian yang sebelumpembangunan jalan KA adalah sektor kuncinya antara lain sektor makanan,minuman dan tembakau; barang kayu dan hasil hutan lainnya; bangunan;angkutan jalan raya; angkutan udara; dan lembaga keuangan tanpa bank.kemudian setal pembangun sector kuncinya menjadi sektor makanan, minumandan tembakau; barang kayu dan hasil hutan lainnya; pupuk, kimia, & barang darilaut; banguunan; dan angkutan rel. Dengan adanya pembangunan jalan KAtersebut memunculkan sektor baru dalam perekonomian Sulawesi selatan yaitusektor angkutan rel. Dampak ekonomi terhadap penciptaan output dari tahun 2012? 2019 sebesar Rp. 2,14 Triliun. Dampak ekonomi terhadap peningkatanpendapatan masyarakat dari tahun 2012-2019 sebesar Rp.302,93 Triliun.Dampak ekonomi terhadap penciptaan NTB dari tahun 2012-2019 sebesarRp.640,65 Triliun dan dampak ekonomi terhadap penciptaan lapangan kerja daritahun 2012 ? 2019 sebesar 24.044 jiwa.

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ABSTRACTThe policy of railroad construction on the island of Sulawesi to support theconstruction of public facilities and infrastructure development in South Sulawesi.Railroad construction Trans Sulawesi (Makassar - Pare Pare) is ± 136.3 KM andpass through five (5) cities / districts, the city of Makassar, Kab. Maros, Kab.Pangekp, Kab. Pare Pare, and Kab. Barru. The value of investments used in theconstruction of this impacting on the southern Sulawesi province of ± Rp. 908.16billion. The method used is the analysis of input-output tables with the initial datais input output southern Sulawesi province in 2009 and then updated with amethod of RAS and LQ. From this study, after the construction of railway TransSulawesi (Makassar - Pare Pare) in the key sectors of the economy prior to theconstruction of railway lines is the key sectors include the food, beverage andtobacco; goods timber and other forest products; building; road transport; airtransport; and financial institutions without banks. Set an builder then the keysector into the food, beverage and tobacco; goods timber and other forestproducts; fertilizers, chemicals, and goods from the sea; banguunan; and railtransport. With the construction of the railway lines led to a new sector in theeconomy of southern Sulawesi, namely the rail freight sector. The economicimpact of the creation of the output of the year 2012 - 2019 amounting to Rp. 2.14Trillion. The economic impact of the increase in public revenue from the year2012 - 2019 for Rp.302,93 T ,. Economic impact on the creation of value addedfrom the year 2012-2019 amounted to Rp.640,65 trillion and the economic impacton job creation of the years 2012-2019 amounted to 24 044 inhabitants., The policy of railroad construction on the island of Sulawesi to support theconstruction of public facilities and infrastructure development in South Sulawesi.Railroad construction Trans Sulawesi (Makassar - Pare Pare) is ± 136.3 KM andpass through five (5) cities / districts, the city of Makassar, Kab. Maros, Kab.Pangekp, Kab. Pare Pare, and Kab. Barru. The value of investments used in theconstruction of this impacting on the southern Sulawesi province of ± Rp. 908.16billion. The method used is the analysis of input-output tables with the initial datais input output southern Sulawesi province in 2009 and then updated with amethod of RAS and LQ. From this study, after the construction of railway TransSulawesi (Makassar - Pare Pare) in the key sectors of the economy prior to theconstruction of railway lines is the key sectors include the food, beverage andtobacco; goods timber and other forest products; building; road transport; airtransport; and financial institutions without banks. Set an builder then the keysector into the food, beverage and tobacco; goods timber and other forestproducts; fertilizers, chemicals, and goods from the sea; banguunan; and railtransport. With the construction of the railway lines led to a new sector in theeconomy of southern Sulawesi, namely the rail freight sector. The economicimpact of the creation of the output of the year 2012 - 2019 amounting to Rp. 2.14Trillion. The economic impact of the increase in public revenue from the year2012 - 2019 for Rp.302,93 T ,. Economic impact on the creation of value addedfrom the year 2012-2019 amounted to Rp.640,65 trillion and the economic impacton job creation of the years 2012-2019 amounted to 24 044 inhabitants.]"

"This paper aimed to see the impact of the development of the tourism sector during Indonesia's MidTerm Development Planning Period (RPJMN) 2015-2019. The analysis also aimed to contribute to the Terminal Evaluation of RPJMN 2015-2019. The implementation of this impact evaluation analyzes the achievement of tourism's primary target sector to the national economy and the welfare of individual workers and business units engaged in the field of tourism. The impact on the national economy is evaluated based on relevant secondary data. While the impact analysis on the welfare ofindividual workers and the tourism business unit carried out using primary data obtained through surveys. The field survey was conducted on June-July 2019, covering all provinces, 2.125 individual workers, and 1.082 business units participate as respondents. The proportional sampling method was used to determine the number of respondents in each province. The study found that during 2014- 2019, the competitiveness of the Indonesian tourism sector has increased and has encouraged the increasing number of foreign tourists to visit. The sector has experienced growth and contributes positively to the national economy. At the micro-level, the sector generated a positive impact on thetourism business unit as most of them were claiming to gain profit sustainably during that period. However, the impact was still limited in improving business units' ability to innovate in product development and the ability to generate new employment. There was also a minimal positive impacton the welfare of the sector's workers. In terms of the average earning per month, the welfare of workers in this sector is still relatively low compared to workers in all other sectors."

"Tindakan pencegahan Covid 19 telah berdampak besar di banyak industri karena arus pelanggan yang tertekan yang biasanya mendukung bisnis. Covid-19 juga berdampak serius pada ekonomi global dan rantai pasokan global, termasuk pengiriman global. Letak geografis Indonesia yang diapit oleh dua samudera dan dua benua menjadikan wilayah laut Indonesia sebagai salah satu rute utama perdagangan dunia. Kondisi strategis Indonesia tidak diimbangi oleh rendahnya efisiensi logistik Indonesia. Makalah ini menghasilkan rekomendasi tentang rute logistik maritim Indonesia dan meningkatkannya untuk lebih mengeluarkan total biaya yang optimal. Perbaikan tersebut dicapai dengan menggunakan kombinasi rute yang belum dipertimbangkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Masalahnya dimodelkan sebagai program bilangan bulat campuran dan Gurobi Optimization digunakan untuk menghasilkan solusi.

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Covid 19 precautions have had a major impact in many industries due to the depressed flow of customers who usually support businesses. Covid-19 also seriously impacts the global economy and global supply chains, including global shipping. Indonesia's geographical location flanked by two oceans and two continents makes Indonesia's sea area one of the main routes of world trade. Indonesia's strategic conditions are not offset by Indonesia's low logistics efficiency. This paper produces recommendations on Indonesia's maritime logistics routes and improves them to further incur optimal total costs. Such improvements are achieved using a combination of routes that have not been considered from previsious research. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer program and Gurobi Optimization is used to generate the solution."

"Kejadian krisis ekonomi 2008 yang melanda negara-negara global termasuk Indonesia, mendorong Bank Indonesia dan pemerintah perlu mempersiapkan tindakan antisipatif dalam menjaga stabilitas pasar keuangan dan perekonomian. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini berupaya mengukur respon instrumen di pasar keuangan dan perekonomian akibat gejolak ekonomi global.Variabel nilai tukar rupiah dan indeks saham merupakan variabel yang mewakili pasar keuangan, sementara variabel indeks produksi mewakili perekonomian. Untuk variabel global, penulis memilih fed fund rate, volatility index dan harga minyak global. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model Exogenous Variable (VECM-X).Semua variabel global diposisikan sebagai variabel eksogen, sementara nilai tukar rupiah, indeks saham dan indeks produksi merupakan variabel endogen. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa, respon pasar keuangan dan perekonomian cukup tinggi akibat adanya gejolak dari ekonomi global. Ini menjadi landasan bagi pemerintah untuk menyusun kebijakan guna menjaga stabilitas pasar keuangan dan perekonomian Indonesia."

"Dengan menggunakan  Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) CGE model ekonomi global, penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat keuntungan yang diperoleh Indonesia dengan tiga mitra dagangnya—Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Amerika—dari perjanjian perdagangan antara Indonesia dengan negara mitra tersebut. Selain itu, termasuk dalam lingkup penelitian ini adalah analisis terhadap perjanjian unilateral di Indonesia untuk digunakan sebagai pembanding liberalisasi kebijakan bilateral. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mensimulasikan akibat yang mungkin terjadi dari setiap kebijakan penghapusan tarif barang impor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan akibat yang terjadi dari setiap kebijakan liberalisasi perdangan, namun manfaat ekonomi terbesar dapat diperoleh dari kebijakan unilateral. Namun, tingkat keuntungan maksimal dimungkinkan tidak diperoleh karena keunikan kebijakan ROO dari masing-masing negara partner—yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya keuntungan sebesar kurang lebih 25%.

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Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) CGE model of the global economy, this essay analyses how much trade agreements between Indonesia and its top three trading partners-China, Japan, and the USA-could benefit Indonesia and those trading partners. In addition, an analysis of unilateral trade liberalization in Indonesia is included to provide a comparison of alternative trade liberalization policy strategies. The study conducts experiments by simulating the potential effect of the removal tariffs on imported merchandise under each liberalization scenario. Although the impact of trade liberalization is variable between strategies, but the result suggests that the greatest economic benefit is from the unilateral scenario. However, the restrictiveness of preferential RoO would limit the scope for achieving the full benefit projected for the bilateral liberalization scenarios-discount rates of around 25 percent have been suggested."

"ABSTRAKDi era New economy, industri influencer merupakan bentuk nyata dari perkembangan ekonomi. Industri influencer yang terdiri dari tiga unsur yaitu influencer marketing, influencer media sosial, dan audiens media sosial. Dalam mengkaji studi ini, fokus analisis saya adalah audiens media sosial yang terbagi menjadi digital immigrant dan digital native. Bagi kedua kategori audiens media social, influencer merupakan collaborative filtering yang berguna sebagai penyaring informasi. Walaupun influencer media social lebih berguna menjadi collaborative filtering bagi audiens digital native dibanding dengan audiens digital immigrant.

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ABSTRACT

In the New economy era, the influencer industry is a tangible form of economic development. The influencer industry consists of three elements such as influencer marketing, social media influencer, and social media audience. In reviewing this study, my focus on analysis was a social media audience that divided into digital immigrant and digital native. For both categories of social media audiences, influenceres are a form of collaborative filtering that is useful as information filters. Altough social media influencers are more useful as filters for digital native audiences compared to digital immigrant audiences."