Rini Koentarti
Abstrak :
Undang-undang pada dasarnya adalah aktualisasi dari kebijakan publik keputusannya akan mengikat dan berpengaruh terhadap masyarakat. Tesis ini membahas Partisipasi Publik Dalam Pengesahan UU Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang merupakan Usul Inisiatif DPR RI. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Konteks Politiks sebagai faktor eksternal dan Kinerja Panitia Kerja (PANDA) DPR RI yang mempengaruhi Partisipasi Publik Dalam Pengesahan UU Sisdiknas.
Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Transisi Politik (Guillermo O'Donnell), Teori Sistem (David Easton), Teori Kebijakan Publik (Charles Lindblom), Civil Society (Adam Ferguson), Teori Partisipasi (Gabriel Almond) dan Teori Konflik (Paul Conn). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Di dalam menganalisa menggunakan analisis data secara induktif agar dapat menemukan pengaruh hubungan nilai-nilai eksplisit sebagai struktur analistik.
Hasli penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dalam pembahasan RUU Sisdiknas terjadi suatu polarisasi antara Fraksi-fraksi di DPR RI yaitu 7 Fraksi mendukung disahkannya RUU menjadi UU Sisdiknas (F.PG, F.PPP, F.KB, F. Reformasi, F.TNI/POLRI, F. PBB, F.PDU) ditambah 1 orang Non Fraksi, sedangkan 2 Fraksi yang menolak dan menunda pengesahan RUU Sisdiknas (F.PDIP dan F.KKI). Fraksi PDIP tidak hadir dalam Rapat Paripurna Pengambilan Keputusan RUU Sisdiknas 2003 menjadi UU. Keanggotaan Panja RUU Sisdiknas didasarkan pada perimbangan fraksi-fraksi dan wakil dari Pemerintah.
Dalam mekanisme proses pembahasan dilakukan secara terbuka dengan mengakomodir masukan-masukan dari stakeholders dan masyarakat , sementara pengambilan keputusan menggunakan musyawarah dengan suara terbanyak berdasarkan Tatib DPR, lobi antar Pimpinan Fraksi apabila tidak ada titik temu.
Ada dua kelompok kepentingan dalam pengesahan RUU Sisdiknas antara lain kelompok yang mendukung RUU Sisdiknas menjadi UU adalah masyarakat dan Fraksi-fraksi di DPR yang berbasis Islam dan nasionalis, sementara kelompok yang menolak berbasis agama Kristen/Katolik dan nasionalis.
Berdasarkan kepentingan usulan perubahan UU No. 2 Tahun 1989 tentang Sisdiknas sudah tidak relevan lagi, untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) bangsa Indonesia dalam menghadapi era globalisasi yang semakin pesat. Oleh sebab itu DPR RI mengajukan Hak Usul Inisiatif tentang Perubahan UU No. 2 tahun 1989, yang sudah disahkan melalui forum tertinggi DPR yaitu Rapat Paripurna pada tanggal 11 Juni 2003 menjadi UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.
Law basically is an articulation of public policy. Its decision will be binding and has Influences to society. This thesis discusses public participation in legalization of the Law No. 20 year 2003 on The National Education System which is the Indonesian Parliament's initiative proposal. This research discusses about political context as external factors and achievement of the Working Committee (PANJA) of the Indonesian Parliament (DPR RI) as an internal factor that influences public participation in legalization of laws on The National Education System.
This research uses political transition theory (Guillermo O'Donnell), theory of system (David Easton), public policy theory (Charles Lindblom), civil society theory (Adam Ferguson), participation and interest group theory (Gabriel Almond) and conflict theory (Paul Conn). This research uses a qualitative research theory with technique of data collecting that's interview and documentation. In analyzing, it's used inductive data in order to be able to find out the influence of the relation of explicit values as an analytic structure.
The result of the research shows that the discussion of the bill on the National Education System has happened a polarization between factions in the DPR RI that's 7 factions supported the legalization of the Bill on The National Education System (FPG, FPPP, F Reformasi, F TNI/POLRI, F PBB, FPDU) plus one non-faction. Meanwhile 2 factions refused and adjourned the legalization the Bill on The National Education System that's FPDIP and FKKI. FPDIP did not attend in the Plenary Session in making the decision of the bill on The National Education System year 2003 became a law. The membership of the Working Committee of the Bill on The National Education System is based on the balancing of factions that became the members of the Commission IV and the representatives of the government.
The mechanism of discussion process was done openly by accommodating the inputs from the stakeholders and society. While the decision making uses deliberation/discussion with a majority vote based on the Rules of Conduct of The DPR RI and lobbies between the leaders of faction whenever there is no agreement.
There were two interest groups in legalization of the Bill on The National Education System among others the group that supported the bill to be legalized to be a law that's the society and factions in the DPR RI that has an Islamic Base and national. Whereas the groups that refused the bill are the group of society and factions that are based on Christian/Catholic and national.
Based on interest of the proposal of amendment of the Bill No. 2 Year 1989 on The National Education System has been not relevant anymore in improving the quality of human resources of the nation of Indonesia in facing the globalization era that is getting fast. Therefore the DPR RI proposes the Initiative Proposal Right on the amendment of the Law No. 2 Year 1989 which has been legalized by the highest forum of the DPR RI that's Plenary Session on June 11th, 2003 became Law No. 20 year 2003 on the National Education System.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T13333
UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library
