Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Kandidemia menjadi salah satu masalah di PICU karena angka kejadiannya meningkat setiap tahun dan angka kematian yang tinggi, memperpanjang masa rawat di rumah sakit. Sampai saat ini data epidemiologi pada anak masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui epidemiologi kandidemia di PICU RSCM. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan mencatat data rekam medis pasien anak dengan diagnosis kandidemia periode 1 januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Hasil: Didapatkan 32 kejadian kandidemia dalam kurun waktu pengambilan data. Median usia pasien adalah 12,8 bulan, 57,7% berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Status gizi pasien sebagian besar mengalami gizi kurang. Sebanyak 69,2% merupakan kasus bedah dan 30,8% pasien non bedah. Penggunaan steroid sebanyak 11,5%. Selama perawatan di PICU, sebanyak 96,2% pasien menggunakan ETT, 100% pasien menggunakan kateter vena sentral dan kateter urin. Pasien yang menggunakan antibiotika >15 hari sebanyak 80,8%. Median skor awal PELOD adalah 12. Median waktu pemberian anti jamur 15,8 hari perawatan di PICU. Luaran hidup adalah 65,4% dan mati 34,6%. Rerata lama perawatan PICU adalah 25,8 hari. Penyakit yang mendasari pasien dirawat di PICU terdiri dari 7,7% infeksi saluran pernapasan, 3,8% infeksi sistem saraf, 19,2% syok sepsis, 3,8% pascabedah kepala leher, 11,5% pasca bedah dada, dan 53,8 pasca bedah abdomen. Rerata lama penggunaan ETT 10,04 hari, rerata lama penggunaan kateter vena sentral 15,65 hari, dan rerata lama penggunaan kateter urin 11,15 hari. Jenis kandida terbanyak sebagai penyebab kandidemia adalah kandida parapsilosis. Sebanyak 76,8% pasien mendapatkan lebih dari dua antibiotika sebelum mendapatkan anti jamur. Simpulan: Kejadian kandidemia serupa dengan negara berkembang lainnya dan ditemukan meningkat pada pasien dengan karakteristik status gizi kurang, pasien pascabedah, penggunaan alat medis invasif, dan penggunaan antibiotika > 15 hari.

---

Candidemia has become an important problem in PICU because the incidence has dramatically increased every year and with a high mortality rate as well as high health care costs. To date epidemiological data in children is limited. Objective: to know the epidemiology of candidemia in PICU RSCM Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital with medical record data recorded diagnosis of septic shock in children period from 1 January 2013 to December 31, 2014. Results: A total of 32 candidemia events in the period of data collection. The median age of patients was 12.8 months, 57.7% male sex. Nutritional status of patients some of which have mild malnutrition. There were 69.2 % was the case surgery and 30.8 % of patients non surgery. Using of steroid was 11.5%. At the treatment in PICU, 96.2 % of patients used ett , 100 % of patients used catheter vein central and catheter urin. Patients that received antibiotics > 15 days was 80.8%. The median initial PELOD day care in the PICU was 12. Patients received antifungal when 15.8 days care in the PICU. The outer covering of life is 65.4 % and die 34.6 % . Lenght of PICU stays was25,8 days. The underlying diseases that required PICU were 7.7% respiratory infection, 3.8%, neurology infection, 19.2% septic shock, 3.8% post head and neck surgery, 11.5% post thorac surgery, and 53.8 post abdomen surgery. Rate length of using ETT was 10.04 days, CVC 15.65 days, urine catheter 11.15 days. The most isolated candida from blood culture was candida parapsilosis. There was 76.8% received > 2 antibiotics before antifungal injection. Conclusion: The incidens of candidemia was similar with other developing countries and found increased in patients with characteristic mild malnutrition, post surgical,using invasive medic al devices, and using antibiotics > 15 days.

Abstrak :
The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of Dr. Rothman's acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects the conceptual development of this evolving science and the engagement of epidemiologists with an increasing range of current public health concerns. "Modern Epidemiology covers a broad range of concepts and methods, including epidemiologic measures of occurrence and effect, study designs, validity, precision, statistical reference, and causal diagrams. Topics in data analysis range from basic tabular analyses to stratified analysis, multiple comparisons, Bayesian analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis, with an extensive overview of modern regression methods including logistic and survival regression, splines, hierarchical (multilevel) regression, propensity scores and other scoring methods, and g-estimation

Abstrak :
Modern methods for epidemiology provides a concise introduction to recent development in statistical methodologies for epidemiological and biomedical researchers.

Abstrak :
This book places much emphasis on the need to assure relevance by principles-guided objects design for the studies, which now remains conspicuously absent from epidemiologists’ concerns. And as for methods design, this book exposes the fallacies in the still-common ‘cohort’ and ‘case-control’ studies, defines the essentials of all etiogenetic studies, and then addresses the true options for design in this framework of shared essentials.