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Abstrak :
Perkembangan lingkungan strategis dan geopolitik global saat ini menjadi perhatian serius bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Konflik bersenjata serta ketegangan politik antar negara-negara menjadi potensi ancaman yang tidak dapat diprediksi. Keberadaan diaspora Indonesia menjadi fokus Pemerintah Indonesia dalam rangka melindungi keselamatan Warga Negara Indonesia yang ada di luar negeri dari potensi ancaman konflik global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fungsi intelijen dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam kegiatan pengamanan intelijen dalam operasi evakuasi WNI di Ukraina dalam konflik Rusia-Ukraina. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara terhadap beberapa pihak-pihak yang berkompeten di bidang perlindungan Warga Negara Indonesia di luar negeri. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan serangkaian kegiatan pengamanan intelijen dalam rangka melindungi Warga Negara Indonesia yang berada di wilayah konflik. Pemerintah Indonesia berhasil meminimalisisr potensi ancaman bagi WNI di wilayah konflik dengan mengeluarkan Nota Diplomatik dan pengerahan Satuan Tugas Khusus dari berbagai elemen pemerintahan. Kendati demikian, Pemerintah Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi yang secara komprehensif mengatur koordinasi operasi evakuasi WNI di luar negeri.

Kata kunci: Ancaman, Pengamanan, Intelijen, Warga Negara ......The dynamics of the global strategic and geopolitical environment are currently a serious concern for the Indonesian government. Armed conflicts and political tensions between countries are potential threats that cannot be predicted. The Indonesian diaspora's existence is the Indonesian government's focus to protect the safety of Indonesian citizens abroad from any potential threats of global conflict. This study aims to analyse the function of intelligence and the obstacles encountered in intelligence security activities within evacuation operations for Indonesian citizens in Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. This study uses a qualitative research method with interview data collection techniques with several parties who are involved in the field of protection for Indonesian citizens abroad. The results of this study are that the Indonesian government carries out numerous intelligence security activities to protect Indonesian citizens in conflict areas. The Indonesian government succeeded in reducing potential threats to Indonesian citizens in conflict areas by issuing Diplomatic Notes and deploying Special Task Forces from various government elements. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government has not had a comprehensive regulation, leading to coordinating evacuation operations for citizens abroad.

Abstrak :
Berbagai analisa mengenai proses evakuasi penumpang di kapal telah dilakukan dalam tahun-tahun yang lalu. Terutama setelah dihasilkannya aturan SOLAS II-2/28-1.3 mengenai rancangan escape route yang harus dievaluasi segera pada proses desain kapal. Akan tetapi, untuk menginvestigasi proses evakuasi secara detail, tidak cukup hanya dengan melihat dari geometry, seperti yang digambarkan oleh sistem hidrolik atau aliran. Aspek behavior dan procedural juga harus dimasukkan dalam perhitungan, meskipun tidak ada seorangpun yang akan bisa memprediksi secara tepat apa yang akan terjadi. Ketika kondisi awal kapal, faktor penyebab keadaan darurat di kapal dan aturan human behavior tidak diketahui, tidak mustahil untuk menghitung kuantitas faktor-faktor tersebut. Sekarang, jawaban yang harus ditemukan adalah bagaimana mengkondisikan sedekat mungkin dengan kenyataan dengan metode yang sefleksibel mungkin, tepat dan dapat dipahami. Tentu saja ini menjadi pertanyaan penting dalam memodelkan simulasi evakuasi dari proses yang nyata. Pada skripsi ini, penulis mensimulasikan model secara mikroskopik dengan buildingEXODUS yang mampu menggambarkan setiap karakteristik individu penumpang secara mendetail dan di saat yang sama menggambarkan simulasi yang efisien dan cepat. Aspek behavior dan procedural evakuasi termasuk didalamnya urutan rute, muster station dan embarkation station, berbeda-beda setiap kelompok penumpang. Dengan dua skenario kondisi yang mungkin terjadi saat kapal dalam keadaan darurat seperti kebakaran, menghasilkan taksiran waktu evakuasi. Implementasi dari pemodelan ini adalah salah satu desain kapal ferry ro-ro 500 GT. ......The analysis of passenger evacuation processes onboard passenger ship has attracted increasing interest over the last year, especially after SOLAS regulation II-2/28-1.3 has prescribed. It is required escape route shall be evaluated early in the design process. However, for a thorough investigation of the evacuation performance it is not efficient to look only at the geometry, like hydraulic and flow models do. Behavioral and procedural aspects have also to be taken into account, although one will never be able to predict exactly what will happen. Since knowledge of the initial conditions, influencing factors and lows of human behavior is limited, it doesn't make sense to include factors that cannot be quantified. Now, answer has to be found is how to get as close to reality as necessary and to provide a method as flexible, straightforward and comprehensible as possible. This, of course, is a crucial question in evacuation assessment and modeling of real world processes in general. Writer presents a microscopic simulation model with buildingEXODUS that is capable of representing every passenger's individual characteristic as well as all necessary details and at the same time allows for fast and efficient simulation. The behavior and procedural aspects of evacuation are included route, muster station and embarkation station define sequence of events for deferent group of passenger. With two scenario of possible condition when emergency situations, for example fire, had predicted evacuation time. The implementation of the model is one of 500 GT ferry ro-ro passenger ship' General Arrangement.

Abstrak :
This book provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.