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"Endoftalmitis merupakan kegawatdaruratan dibidang mata yang bila tidak ditangani cepat akan mengalami penurunan tajam penglihatan bahkan kebutaan. Fasilitas vitrektomi sebagai terapi baku emas jarang tersedia di RS begitupula antibiotika (seftazidim) intra vitreal belum tersedia secara komersil dengan dosis yang sesuai, sehingga perlu diracik dan dapat berisiko meningkatkan kontaminasi atau kesalahan pengenceran. Tujuan mencari alternatif antibiotika intra vitreal untuk pengobatan endoftalmitis akibat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Metode menggunakan dua belas kelinci New Zealand White terbagi dua kelompok (n=6). Dibentuk endophthalmitis dengan injeksi intra vitreal P. aeruginosa 2x105 CFU/0,1mL. Kelompok A mendapat intra vitreal levofloksasin 0,5% 0,1mL dan kelompok B mendapat intra vitreal seftazidim 2,25 mg/0,1 mL setelah 24 jam inokulasi bakteri. Penilaian klinis dilakukan hari ke-1 hingga ke-6. Pada hari ke-6 dilakukan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dan histopatologik. Hasil selisih skor klinis hari ke-1 dan 6 kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Terdapat 2 kelinci mengalami perbaikan di kelompok levofloksasin namun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Penghitungan jumlah bakteri memberikan hasil kelompok A dan kelompok B mengalami penurunan menjadi 1,5x102 (4x101-7,3x103) CFU/0,1mL dengan hasil yang tidak berbeda bermakna begitu pula dengan skor pemeriksaan histopatologik. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan injeksi intra vitreal tetes mata levofloksasin 0,5% 0,1mL sama efektif dengan seftazidim dan dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam terapi endoftalmitis akibat P. aeruginosa.

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The purpose of this study was to find and evaluate intravitreal 0.5% levofloxacin as an alternative treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in an experimental model. Twelve New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups (n = 6 in each). Vitreous cavity of the right eye was inoculated with 2x105 CFU / 0,1mL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension. Group A treated with intravitreal 0.5% levofloxacin and group B received intravitreal injection of 2.25 mg / 0.1 mL ceftazidime. Results showed mean clinical assessment scores in both groups were similar at 24 hours after inoculation (p> 0.05). Clinical score at day 1 and day 6 do not show any significant difference. Two rabbits experienced improvement in the levofloxacin group but there was no statistically significant difference. The number of microbiological bacteria results in group A and group B were decreased to 1,5x102 (4x101-7,3x103) CFU/ 0,1mL, but microbiological analysis and histopathological scoring demonstrated no statistically significant difference between both group (for each, P>0,05). The conclusion in this sudy was intra vitreal 0,5% levofloxacin ophthalmic appeared to be effective in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in rabbits, but was not superior to intravitreal ceftazidime administration. Therefore, intravitreal 0,5% levofloxacin may be a useful alternative to ceftazidime for Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis."

"Teknologi pelepasan obat berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk pengobatan penyakit mata. Nanopartikel Poly Lactic Acid /Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid digunakan untuk melapisi dexamethasone. Preparasi nanopartikel menggunakan metode penguapan pelarut. Polimer yang digunakan adalah PLA, PLGA 90:10, PLGA 50:50. Variasi modifikasi permukaan partikel dengan PVA, DDAB-1, PVA-DDAB-0.5, PVA-DDAB-1. Uji rilis dilakukan selama 48 hari T=45 C untuk mengetahui profil rilis nanopartikel. Nanopartikel dengan komposisi lactic acid lebih tinggi akan terdegradasi lebih lama. Untuk meningkatkan stabilitas nanopartikel di dalam vitreous, dilakukan modifikasi permukaan menggunakan surfaktan kationik DDAB didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. Pada uji rilis DDAB, diketahui bahwa setelah 6-12 hari, DDAB pada permukaan terilis sehingga ternyata tidak stabil pada permukaan.

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Long term drug release technology is needed to treat ocular diseases. Poly Lactic Acid Poly Lactic co Glycolic Acid nanoparticles was used to encapsulate dexamethasone. Preparation of the nanoparticles used solvent evaporation method. The polymer used were PLA, PLGA 90 10, PLGA 50 50. Variation of surfactant were PVA, DDAB 1, PVA DDAB 0.5, PVA DDAB 1. Release was conducted for 48 days T 45 C . From dexamethasone release profile, nanoparticles with higher ratio of lactic acid degraded longer. To increase stability in the vitreous, cationic surfactant DDAB didodecyldimethylammonium bromide was added. From DDAB release profile, after 6 12 days, DDAB was released and proven to be unstable for surface modification."

"Summary: The most concise, current, and comprehensive overview of general ophthalmology . extensively revised and updated. For five decades, General Ophthalmology has offered authoritative, state-of-the-art coverage of the diagnosis and treatment of all major ophthalmic diseases, as well as neurological and systemic diseases causing visual disturbances. The eighteenth edition builds on this tradition of excellence by offering an increased number of color illustrations, new chapters, and major revisions of existing chapters. To deliver all-inclusive coverage that encompasses pathophysiology, basic science, and the latest clinical perspectives. A must-read for medical students, ophthalmology residents, practicing ophthalmologists, nurses, optometrists, clinicians in other fields of medicine and surgery, and health-related professionals."

"Current guide to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy in ophthalmology and ocular surgery. Coverage includes up-to-date information on new generation fluoroquinolones, new uses of tetracyclines, topical azithromycin, new anti-inflammatory drugs, endophthalmitis prophylaxis and management, and treatment of corneal ulcers, uveitis, cystoid macular edema, blepharitis, and post-refractive keratitis. Close attention is given to preoperative and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy to optimize outcomes in cataract and refractive surgeries. A section on recent advances includes toxic anterior segment syndrome, topical immune therapy, and nanotechnology"