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"[ABSTRAKJaminan mutu atas keakuratan alat ukur di bidang kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan yangmutlak diperlukan pada masa ini. Salah satu alat yang perlu dikalibrasi adalah infusion pumpanalyser. Alat ini berfungsi menguji pompa infus yang bekerja pada aliran rendah, yangdigunakan di rumah sakit apakah masih layak pakai atau tidak. Sebagai peralatan uji, infusionpump analyser harus terkalibrasi untuk menjamin keakuratan hasil pengujiannya. Padapenelitian ini akan dikembangan sistem kalibrasi yang beroperasi pada laju aliran rendah.Sistem terdiri dari aktuator linear yang menggerakan siringe dari gelas kaca. Aktuator linearterdiri dari ulir bola, linear guide way, rangkaian roda gigi yang terhubung ke motor d.c.Kecepatan motor d.c. dikendalikan oleh FPGA dengan menggunakan metode pulse widthmodulation. FPGA juga digunakan untuk membaca keluaran rotary encoder yang terhubungke poros roda gigi untuk memantau kecepatan aktuator. Untuk mengkarakterisasi sistem,pertama osilator FPGA dikalibrasi terhadap universal counter untuk menvalidasi pengukuranwaktunya. Kemudian aktuator dikalibrasi menggunakan kaliper untuk menverifikasipergerakan linearnya. Dalam proses ini diamati efek dinamis dari faktor kalibrasi enkoder,yang membawa kepada penentuan kecepatan intrinsik dari sistem. Dengan menggunakankecepatan intrinsik dan faktor alat, maka volume dan laju alir yang dibangkitkan oleh sistemdapat ditentukan. Selanjutnya sistem diuji secara gravimetri berdasarkan ISO/FDIS 8655-1,dan didapatkan hasil ketidakpastian pengukuran yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Setelahmelakukan penyelidikan lanjut dengan simulasi pada perhitungan pengukuran, didapatkanbahwa kapasistas silinder perlu diperbesar agar ketidakpastian pengukuran yang dibutuhkandapat dicapai.

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ABSTRACTQuality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry isnecessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. Thisinstruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As testequipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results.In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linearactuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guideway, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulsewidth modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearboxshaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator iscalibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator iscalibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect ofencoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speedof the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volumeand flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method baseup on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. Afterfurther investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that thecapacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty.;Quality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry isnecessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. Thisinstruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As testequipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results.In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linearactuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guideway, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulsewidth modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearboxshaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator iscalibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator iscalibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect ofencoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speedof the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volumeand flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method baseup on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. Afterfurther investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that thecapacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty., Quality assurance of the accuracyof measuring instruments in the health industry isnecessary. One of the instruments that need to be calibrated is Infusion pump analyzer. Thisinstruments is used to test infusion pumps used in hospital at low flow rate. As testequipment, infusion pump analyzer must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of test results.In this study, a low flow rate calibration system is developed. The system consist of linearactuator to move a glass syringe. The linear actuator consist a linear ball screw, linear guideway, and gear box connected to d.c. motor. The motor controlled by FPGA using pulsewidth modulation method. FPGA also use to read rotary encoder that connected to gearboxshaft to monitor actuator speed. To characterized the system, first the FPGA oscilator iscalibrated to universal counter to validated the time measurement. Then the actuator iscalibrated using caliper to verify its linear movement. In this porocess a dynamic efect ofencoder meter factor are discovered. This dynamic effect lead to determining intrinsic speedof the system. The intrinsic speed together with meter factor are used to determine volumeand flowrate generated by the system. The system then tested using gravimetric method baseup on ISO/FDIS 8655-1 and the result of measurement uncertainty is not satisfying. Afterfurther investigation using simulation on measurement calculation, it is found that thecapacity of syringe should be increased to achieve required uncertainty.]"

"Latar Belakang: Lansia rentan terhadap penyakit gigi dan mulut maupun sistemik. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian mengenai laju alir saliva (LAS) dan profil Candida sp pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Binaan Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan: mengetahui profil saliva dan Candida sp pada lansia di PSTW. Metode: Dilakukan pengukuran LAS dengan dan tanpa stimulasi pada subjek lansia. Kemudian sampel saliva tanpa stimulasi dikultur menggunakan media CHROMagar^TM yang selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi dan perhitungan koloni Candida sp. Hasil: Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berjumlah 279 orang, yaitu 107 laki-laki, dan 172 perempuan. Sejumlah 160 subjek tidak memiliki penyakit sistemik, sedangkan subjek dengan 1, 2 dan ≥3 penyakit sistemik masing-masing adalah 70, 18 dan 31 subjek. Terdapat 226 subjek yang memiliki LAS normal dan 53 subjek hiposalivasi; 225 subjek memiliki LAS terstimulasi normal dan 74 subjek hiposalivasi.  Dari 48 sampel saliva ditemukan C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, dan C. glabrata dengan 153, 84, 72, dan 100 koloni. Kesimpulan: Subjek penelitian ini didominasi oleh perempuan, kebanyakan subjek tidak memiliki penyakit sistemik dan tidak mengalami hiposalivasi. Candida albicans merupakan spesies yang paling sering ditemukan pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Elderly is susceptible to systemic and oral disease. Until to now, there has been no research that discuss salivary flow rate (SFR) and Candida sp profiles in elderly at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Binaan Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Objective: To determine the profiles of saliva and Candida sp in elderlies of PSTW. Methods: Stimulated and unstimulated SFR were measured. Then, unstimulated saliva samples were cultured using CHROMagar^TM kit and the Candida colonies were counted and identified. Results: There were 279 elderly subjects composed of 107 males and 172 females. There were 160 subjects without systemic disease whereas subjects with 1, 2 and ≥3 systemic diseases were 70, 18, and 31 subjects respectively. There were 226 subjects with normal SFR and 53 hyposalivation subjects. Subjects with normal and hyposalivation in stimulated SFR were 53 and 74 subjects respectively. The saliva culture resulted with 153, 84, 72, and 100 colonies of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. glabrata. Conclusion:In this study, female subjects were dominant. Most subjects were without systemic disease and with normal SFR. Candida albicans was the most common species found in this study."

"Pada skripsi ini dilakukan rancang bangun perangkat pengukur laju alir gas oksigen menggunakan serat optik. Pengukur ini bekerja berdasarkan rugi macrobending pada serat optik ketika dilengkungkan. Serat optik yang dilengkungkan dikaitkan dengan penampang datar sehingga sensitif terhadap udara yang melewatinya. Sinyal keluaran kemudian diterima oleh fotodiode untuk diolah dengan rangkaian pendukung dan Arduino Uno-ATmega328P agar dapat ditampilkan pada display LCD. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran skala laboratorium menggunakan gas oksigen, disimpulkan bahawa rancang bangun perangkat ini mampu mengukur laju alir oksigen dari 4 hingga 7 liter/menit dengan beda terhadap flowmeter 3,2%.

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This research focus on developing of gases flowmeter. This instrument using macrobending loss fiber optic. The sensor consist of a bended fiber optic attached on a flat plate. The output signal then to be received by photodiode to be processed with an electronic circuit and an Arduino Uno-ATmega328P to be displayed on the LCD display. Based on this research in laboratory with oxygen gas, it can be concluded that this instrument can measure 4 until 7 litters per minute of oxygen flow and the different with flowmeter 3,2%."

"The aim of the research were to describe how salivary flow rate and pH vary with time during use of chewing and gustatory stimulation. Fifty young adult subjects collected unstimulated saliva by spitting method, and then collected stimulated saliva by chewing paraffin wax, and a few drops of citric acid are usually placed on the subjects tongue. The mean of saliva flow rate that unstimulated: 0.50 cc/minute; stimulated saliva by chewing paraffin wax:1.57 cc/minute, and drops of citric acid stimulation showed that saliva flow rate: 2.98 cc/minute; and pH saliva that unstimulated 6.39; stimulated saliva by chewing paraffin wax 7.2; and stimulated saliva by citric acid: 7.55. Statistical paired t test showed that t lower than t table. The conclusion of the research showed that there were significant influences in the unstimulated salivary flow rates and pH with stimulated saliva elicited by chewing and gustatory stimulation."

"ABSTRAKElectrospinning merupakan salah satu teknologi yang digunakan dalam pembentukan serat material yang berukuran sangat kecil dalam orde mikrometer hingga nanometer. Teknologi electrospinning menggunakan aliran listrik tegangan tinggi direct current DC dalam orde belasan kilovolt kV yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pancaran larutan suatu material polimer bermuatan listrik. Bagian utama alat electrospinning terdiri atas sumber tegangan tinggi DC, pompa polimer dan kolektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan alat electrospinning yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan lapisan serat yang sangat kecil menggunakan material uji Polivinil Alkohol PVA . Sumber tegangan tinggi DC disusun dengan memanfaatkan flyback transformator. Pompa polimer digunakan untuk mengalirkan material polimer dengan kecepatan yang sangat rendah. Pompa polimer ini menggunakan tabung syringe untuk mengalirkan material polimer melalui sebuah jarum dengan diameter yang kecil syringe pump . Bagian kolektor menggunakan tipe plane plate collector yang didesain dapat bergerak 2 dimensi dengan capaian 5 cm x 5 cm. Pada tesis ini telah berhasil didapatkan prototipe alat electrospinning yang mampu menghasilkan tegangan tinggi hingga 21 kV, syringe pump yang dapat diatur pada flow rate yang sangat rendah, yaitu pada rentang 0,09 ml/jam hingga 3 ml/jam dan pergerakan plat kolektor telah mampu mencapai sejauh 5 cm x 5 cm. Karakterisasi uji morfologi terhadap produk serat yang dihasilkan menggunakan teknik Scanning Electron Microscope SEM . Hasil uji SEM pada pengaturan parameter PVA 10 , jarak ujung jarum suntik dengan kolektor 10 cm, dan flow rate 1,6 ml/jam menunjukkan bahwa serat halus dapat dicapai dengan diameter rata-rata 253,9 nm untuk tegangan 15 kV, sementara untuk tegangan 20 kV didapatkan diameter rata-rata 269,3 nm.

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ABSTRACTElectrospinning is one of technology to fabricate ultrafine nanofibers micrometer to nanometer . This technology uses a high voltage direct current DC above ten kilovolt kV to generate electrically charged jets from polymer solution. The major components of electrospinning system consist of high voltage, polymer pump and collector. This study aims to development of electrospinning prototype to fabricate nanofibers using Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA solution. In this study, flyback transformator is used as high voltage power supply. Polymer pump is used to push material polymer to get very low flow rate. The polymer pump uses a syringe tube containing a polymer material through a small diameter needle using a stepper motor syringe pump . Unit collector uses plane plate collector type which is designed to move 2 dimension with size of 5 cm x 5 cm. In this thesis, prototype of electrospinning has been obtained and capable to generate high voltage DC up to 21 kV, syringe pump can be arranged at very low flow rate, in the range of 0.09 ml hour to 3 ml hour and the movement of the collector plate has been able to reach 5 cm x 5 cm. Characterization morphology of the product by Scanning Electron Microscope SEM showed that ultrafine fibers have been successfully formed by this electrospinning prototype. The average diameter of fibers with PVA 10 , distance between needle tip and collector plate 10 cm, flow rate 1,6 ml hour and voltage 15 kV is 253,9 nm while the fibers diameter is found to be 269,3 nm for voltage 20 kV."