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Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana formulasi kebijakan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 dan peran unsur Tripartit dalam proses formulasi kebijakan. Formulasi kebijakan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 dilakukan untuk mempermudah prosedur perijinan penggunaan tenaga kerja asing sehingga dapat meningkatkan investasi asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan termasuk jenis penelitian deskripsi karena berusaha menggambarkan formulasi kebijakan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan untuk mempertajam analisis. Polemik di tengah masyarakat dan serikat buruh terjadi karena tujuan dimudahkannya proses perijinan investasi asing dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 20 Tahun 2018  untuk membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi tenaga kerja indonesia ternyata tidak sejalan dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja indonesia, justru mengalami penurunan. Di satu sisi, terjadi kenaikan jumlah tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa proses formulasi kebijakan telah melalui tahapan-tahapan formulasi kebijakan, mulai dari tahap identifikasi masalah sampai pengesahan kebijakan. Namun, peran unsur tripartit tidak dilibatkan dalam proses formulasi kebijakan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 sehingga kebijakan yang dihasilkan tidak merepresentasikan asas keadilan dan partisipasi masyarakat serta beberapa kebijakan bertentangan dengan undang-undang. Selain itu, naiknya angka investasi yang tidak disertai dengan naiknya penyerapan tenaga kerja mengindikasikan bahwa pemerintah perlu menggunakan perspektif serikat pekerja dalam proses penyusunan regulasi.

 

Kata Kunci: Formulasi Kebijakan, Tenaga Kerja Asing, Investasi, Perijinan, Tripartit

 

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This study discusses how the policy formulation of Presidential Regulation Number 20 of 2018 and the role of Tripartite elements in the process of policy formulation. Policy formulation of Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2018 is carried out to facilitate licensing procedures for the use of foreign workers so as to increase foreign investment. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and included a type of description research because it tried to describe policy formulations. The data collection technique in this study used in-depth interviews and literature studies to sharpen the analysis. The polemic in the community and trade unions occur because the purpose of facilitating the process of licensing foreign investment in Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2018 to open employment opportunities for Indonesian laborers is apparently not in line with the absorption of Indonesian labor, but has decreased. On the one hand, there is an increase in the number of foreign workers in Indonesia. The results of this study illustrate that the policy formulation process has gone through the stages of policy formulation, starting from the problem identification stage to the adoption of policies. However, the role of tripartite elements is not involved in the policy formulation process of Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2018 so that the policy produced does not represent the principle of justice and community participation and some policies are contrary to the law. In addition, the increase in investment figures which are not accompanied by an increase in employment indicates that the government needs to use a trade union perspective in the process of drafting regulations.

 

 

 

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"ABSTRAKMigrasi pekerja di Indonesia sudah difomalisasikan. Para calon pekerja migran harus melalui proses perekrutan, pelatihan, dan penempatan yang dilakukan oleh Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, salah satu aktor dalam industri migrasi yang mengambil keuntungan dari migrasi pekerja. Pada sisi lain, ruang informalitas di Indonesia tetap ada, sehingga brokers informal hadir untuk menjadi mediator antara PPTKIS dan calon pekerja migran. Melalui penelitian etnografi, tulisan ini mengeksplorasi hubungan keduanya yang berlandaskan trust dan reliance. Trust merupakan rasa percaya yang berlandaskan emosional, sementara reliance muncul dari rasionalitas. Hubungan antara brokers dan CTKI memperlihatkan non-representational knowledge, yaitu ketika brokers memberikan informasi mengenai birokrasi, peraturan, dan gambaran kehidupan TKI di luar negeri kepada CTKI yang kemudian dari sini trust muncul. Trust hanya dapat terjalin antarindividu dan tidak mungkin terjalin antarinstitusi maupun antara individu dan institusi yang juga menjadi alasan mengapa ruang infomalitas masih terus terbuka di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana brokers informal menjadi pihak yang turut melanggengkan fenomena transplantasi pekerja migran di Indonesia

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ABSTRAKLabor migration in Indonesia is formalized, potential migrants have to go through the recruitment, training, and placement process whose task has been delegated by the government to the private labor recruitment agencies, one of the actors in migration industry that profits from worker migrations. On the other hand, there remains room for informality, the informal brokers present as the mediators between PPTKIS and prospective migrant workers. Through ethnographic research, it explores the relationship of both parties based on trust and reliance. Trust is based on the emotional; meanwhile reliance is based on rationality and risk calculation. The relationship between brokers and the prospective migrants shows the non-representational knowledge; when brokers provide information about bureaucracy, regulations, and an overview of the life abroad to prospective migrant works, then trust emerges. Trust can only be established between individuals and may not be established between institutions as well as between individuals and institutions. Thus, informality still remains in Indonesia. The study also showed how informal brokers become parties who perpetuate the phenomenon of transplantation of migrant workers in Indonesi"