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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengukur tingkat ketangguhan ketahanan nasional adanya pencemaran udara akibat kebakaran hutan dengan pertimbangan sektor kehutanan sebagai salah satu sektor penghasil yang telah berkontribusi setiap tahunnya melalui pendapatan negara bukan pajak (PNBP) sebesar 4,3 trilyun (2014). Fakta empiris menunjukkan bahwa bencana kebakaran hutan terus saja terjadi setiap tahunnya terutama pada musim kemarau, padahal sektor lingkungan hidup setiap tahunnya mendapatkan alokasi anggaran dari pemerintah untuk program pengendalian pencemaran udara, namun pencemaran udara akibat kebakaran hutan belum juga dapat dikendalikan.Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method) terhadap kinerja Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup sebagai pihak pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab terhadap perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Analisis penelitian dikelompokkan dalam 4 perspektif yaitu perspektif finansial, perspektif eksternal, perspektif internal, dan perspektif inovation. Instrumen pengukuran secara kuantitatif menggunakan balanced score card dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari pelbagai sumber resmi termasuk Kementerian Kehutanan pada 2011-2013. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang, lalu diperdalam secara kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam untuk guna memastikan validasi hasil pengukuran kuantitatif dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 3 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif keuangan dengan parameter alokasi angggaran Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dalam level Tidak Tangguh sedangkan untuk parameter Program Mitigasi Kebakaran Hutan, Penegakkan Hukum dan Anggaran Badan Nasional Penanggulanan Bencara dalam level Tangguh. Perspektif Ekternal dengan parameter Prosentase Penduduk Sehat Di Daerah Rawan Kebakaran, Jumlah Penduduk Terkena ISPA Di Provinsi Rawan Kebakaran, Dampak Kebakaran Bagi Negara Tetangga dalam level Tangguh Perspektif Internal dengan parameter Regulasi Kebakakaran Hutan, Penanganan Kasus Lingkungan, Pengendalian Penceamaran Udara Khususnya Di Provinsi Rawan, Hotspot dalam level Tidak Tangguh dan Perspektif Innovation dengan parameter Pelatihan PPNS dan Pelatihan PPLH dalam level Tangguh.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of research is to measure the level of Toughness of National Resilience (Astagatra) to air pollution control from forest fires, which is the forestry sector as one of the producers of the sector. It has been contributing annually through non-tax revenues (non-tax) amounted to 4.3 trillion (2014) for example. Otherwise the empirical facts showed that the fire disaster forest continues to happen every year particular during the dry season. Unfortunetly, the environmental sector that is has been mandate to air pollution management ineffectiveness on controlling although annually receive a budget allocation from the government.The research method used quantitative and qualitative approaches (mix method) on the performance of the Ministry of Environment has responsible to the protection and management of environment on Indonesia. Classification of analysis into four perspectives: financial perspective, the external perspective, internal perspective, and innovation perspective.Standard of quantitave method instruments utilize the balanced scorecard and interview to qualitative method. Source of secondary explore to 2011, 2012 and 2013 from all official sources including Ministry of Forestry data?s. The total of responden is 30 peoples consist of official Ministry of Environment and public. To checking and validating of the result of questionary has selected 3 of 30 peoples to deep interview.The results showed that the Financial Perspective with parameter budget allocation of the Ministry of Environment in no Toughness level while parameter Forest Fire Mitigation Program, Law Enforcement and National Agency Disaster Budget in Toughness, External Perspective with parameter Percentage of Population Health On Fire Prone Areas, ISPA Affected Population In the province of Fire Prone, Impact Fire For Neighbors in Toughness level, Internal Perspective with Regulation parameters Kebakakaran Forests, Environment Case Handling, Control Air Penceamaran Particularly Vulnerable In the province, the level Hotspot No Toughness, Perspectives Innovation with investigators and Training Training parameters PPLH in Toughness level., The objective of research is to measure the level of Toughness of National Resilience (Astagatra) to air pollution control from forest fires, which is the forestry sector as one of the producers of the sector. It has been contributing annually through non-tax revenues (non-tax) amounted to 4.3 trillion (2014) for example. Otherwise the empirical facts showed that the fire disaster forest continues to happen every year particular during the dry season. Unfortunetly, the environmental sector that is has been mandate to air pollution management ineffectiveness on controlling although annually receive a budget allocation from the government.The research method used quantitative and qualitative approaches (mix method) on the performance of the Ministry of Environment has responsible to the protection and management of environment on Indonesia. Classification of analysis into four perspectives: financial perspective, the external perspective, internal perspective, and innovation perspective.Standard of quantitave method instruments utilize the balanced scorecard and interview to qualitative method. Source of secondary explore to 2011, 2012 and 2013 from all official sources including Ministry of Forestry data’s. The total of responden is 30 peoples consist of official Ministry of Environment and public. To checking and validating of the result of questionary has selected 3 of 30 peoples to deep interview.The results showed that the Financial Perspective with parameter budget allocation of the Ministry of Environment in no Toughness level while parameter Forest Fire Mitigation Program, Law Enforcement and National Agency Disaster Budget in Toughness, External Perspective with parameter Percentage of Population Health On Fire Prone Areas, ISPA Affected Population In the province of Fire Prone, Impact Fire For Neighbors in Toughness level, Internal Perspective with Regulation parameters Kebakakaran Forests, Environment Case Handling, Control Air Penceamaran Particularly Vulnerable In the province, the level Hotspot No Toughness, Perspectives Innovation with investigators and Training Training parameters PPLH in Toughness level.]"

"Kebakaran hutan telah mengakibatkan kerugian pada aspek ekologis, sosial dan ekonomi. Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang sering terjadi kebakaran hutan. Kebakaran hutan di Indonesia paling signifikan terjadi pada lahan gambut. Untuk mencegah kejadian kebakaran hutan dan mengurangi tingkat kerugian jika terjadi kebakaran hutan, perlu dilakukan pemetaan prediksi potensi kerentanan kebakaran hutan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) telah menjadi state-of-the-art algoritma deep learning dan banyak diimplementasikan pada berbagai bidang diantaranya computer vision. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan model prediksi spasial kerentanan kebakaran hutan dengan menambahkan data kedalaman gambut yang digabungkan dengan data Topografi, Pengaruh Manusia, Iklim dan Vegetasi. Selanjutnya hasil data fusion dimodelkan menggunakan Alexnet yang berbasis CNN. Model yang diusulkan juga dibandingkan dengan algoritma machine learning yang sudah umum yaitu Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Deep Neural Network (DNN). Sebagai studi kasus, digunakan data kebakaran hutan di Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah dari tahun 2014 hingga 2019 dan 11 variabel pendukung kebakaran hutan yang diturunkan dari faktor penyebab kebakaran hutan. Terakhir, performa model diuji dengan menggunakan beberapa metode statistik yaitu uji akurasi, Area Under Curve (AUC) dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (WSRT). Hasilnya modifikasi arsitektur Alexnet menghasilkan performa akurasi paling tinggi yaitu (0,94) dibandingkan dengan RF (0,90), DNN (0,89), GBC (0,89), SVC (0,89). Selain itu dari uji perbedaan statistik menunjukkan bahwa proposed model berbeda dibandingkan model pembandingnya. Hasil tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa CNN mampu mengungguli model yang sudah umum, oleh sebab itu dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif model prediksi indeks kerentanan kebakaran hutan.......Forest fires have resulted in losses in ecological, social and economic aspects. Indonesia is one of the countries with frequent forest fires. The most significant forest fires in Indonesia occur on peatlands. To prevent forest fires and reduce the level of losses in the event of forest fires, it is necessary to develop prediction map of potential forest fire susceptibilities. In recent years, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method has become a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm and is widely implemented in various fields including computer vision. Therefore, this study proposes a spatial prediction model for forest fire susceptibility by adding peat depth data combined with topography, human influence, climate and vegetation data. Furthermore, the results of the data fusion are modeled using a modified Alexnet based on CNN. The proposed model is also compared with common machine learning algorithms, namely Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Deep Neural Network (DNN). As a case study used data on forest fires in Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan from 2014 to 2019 and 11 variabels supporting forest fires derived from the factors causing forest fires. Finally, the performance of the model was tested using several statistical methods, namely accuracy test, Area Under Curve (AUC) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (WSRT). The result is that the Alexnet architecture modification produces the outstanding accuracy performance (0,94) compared to RF (0,90), DNN (0,89), GBC (0,89), SVC (0,89). In addition, the statistical difference test shows that the proposed model is different from the comparison model. These results conclude that CNN is able to outperform the benchmark model, therefore it can be used as an alternative model for predicting forest fire susceptibility index."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahunnyaterjadi di provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan data AQMS kota Pekanbaru, konsentrasi PM10mengalami peningkatan hingga level berbahaya pada saat terjadinya bencana kebakaranhutan tersebut. Sementara SO2 masih berada pada level ISPU sedang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kenaikan pajanan PM10 akibatkebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Desain penelitian yang digunakanadalah cross sectional study dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016 ? Juni 2016. Sampelpenelitian sebanyak 97 orang pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Melur dan Puskesmas Rejosariperiode kebakaran hutan tahun 2015 (September ? Oktober 2015). Hasil penelitian pajananPM10 selama 4 hari tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian hipertensi di KotaPekanbaru tahun 2015. Berdasarkan tingkatan ordinal, kategori pajanan PM10 pada tingkattidak sehat memiliki OR terbesar yaitu 2,65 (CI 95% 0,48 ? 14,56), kategori sangat tidaksehat OR sebesar 2,22 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5) dan kategori berbahaya OR 1,69 (CI 95% 0,05? 50,83). setelah di kontrol variabel konfounding yaitu indeks masa tubuh (IMT),pendidikan, jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat keluarga yang menderita hipertensi

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires was a problem that almost occur in the Riau Province everyyear. Based on Air Quality Monitoring Sytem (AQMS) data in Pekanbaru, theconcentration of PM10 increased to dangerous level during fire forest episode. While SO2still at the moderate level. This objective of this study was to determine the relationshipPM10 exposure during land and forest fires in 2015 with hypertension. This design study ofresearch was cross sectional study and was conducted in February 2016 - June 2016. Thesample was 97 outpatient Rejosari health centers and Melur health centers during fire forestperiod in 2015 (September-October 2015). Results of research PM10 exposure for 1 to 8days was not statistically significant with hypertension in Pekanbaru city in 2015. Underthe ordinal level, exposure category PM10 at unhealthy levels that have the greatest riskwith OR 2.65 (95% CI 0,48 ? 14,56), the category very unhealthy OR of 2.22 (CI 95%0,34 ? 14,5) and hazardous category OR 1.69 (CI 95% 0,34 ? 14,5), after being controlledby the variables of body mass index (BMI), education, gender, age, and family history ofhypertension.;"

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan adalah pemasalahan lingkungan yang muncul hampir setiap tahun di Indonesia termasuk di TNGC. Kebakaran hutan dapat berdampak negatif pada ekologi, perubahan komposisi dan struktur ekosistem hutan, serta dapat mengganggu kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat. Permasalahan dalam kajian ini adalah kegiatan pengendalian kebakaran hutan di TNGC telah melibatkan masyarakat peduli api, tetapi hasilnya belum maksimal yang ditandai masih seringnya terjadi kebakaran hutan di kawasan TNGC. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi MPA, menganalisis hubungan antara partisipasi dengan keberlanjutan manfaat taman nasional, merumuskan model dan strategi peningkatan partisipasi MPA dalam pengendalian kebakaran hutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix-method yang dilakukan melalui analisis regresi liner dan SWOT analisis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah faktor motivasi, kemampuan, dan kesempatan secara signifikan mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat peduli api. Oleh karena itu, model peningkatan partisipasi MPA dapat dibangun melalui ketiga variabel tersebut. Keberlanjutan taman nasional memiliki hubungan yang cukup kuat, signifikan dan searah dengan partisipasi dengan nilai korelasi 0,331. Rumusan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat peduli api dalam pengendalian kebakaran hutan dari hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengelolaan Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai berada pada kuadran I Diagram Kartesius. Strategi prioritas yang dilaksanakan adalah aggressive strategy.

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ABSTRACTForest fires are environmental problems that appear almost every year in Indonesia, including in TNGC. Forest fires can have a negative impact on ecology, changes in the composition and structure of forest ecosystems, and may disrupt the economic activities of the people. The problem in this study is that forest fire control activities in TNGC have involved the community to care about fire, but the results have not been maximally marked by the frequent occurrence of forest fires in the TNGC area. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the factors that influence the participation of the fire caring community, analyze the relationship between participation with the sustainability of the park 39 s benefits, formulate models and strategies to increase the participation of fire fighting public in fire control. The method used is mix method done through linear regression analysis and SWOT analysis. Conclusion of the study, motivation, ability, and opportunity significantly influence the participation of the public concerning fire. Therefore, the MPA participation enhancement model can be built through these three variables. The sustainability of the park has a strong, significant and unidirectional relationship with participation with a correlation value of 0.331. The formulation of the increased participation of the public concerning fire in forest fire control from the SWOT analysis shows that the condition of the management of Gunung Ciremai National Park is in the first quadrant of Cartesian Diagram. The priority strategy implemented is aggressive strategy."

"Forest fire is a massive threat towards tropical forest causing various negative impacts to nature and human being. Forest fire often leads to alteration of forest structure and its functions. This study of tree growth after forest fire was conducted using a model simulation. The model was performed at the individual level of plant community and built to analyze the potential of tree growth and its scenario for post-fire recovery. Five important tree species from montane forest of Mount Ciremai were chosen to build the model based on four main parameters i.e. plant growth rate, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree-to-grass competition and tree-to-tree competition. The scenario of post-fire recovery was performed by replanting similar species with 5 cm DBH seedling. Prediction from our model showed that most of the chosen species would recover to its pre-fire condition after 37 - 50 years. Considering the limitation of competition after re-planting, it was suggested to minimize tree to tree competition and applied silvicultural treatments to maximize tree growth and tree community recovery."

"Asap kebakaran hutan mengandung senyawa karsinogenik yang dapat menghasilkan spesi oksigen reaktif melalui proses metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Spesi oksigen reaktif yang terbentuk dapat berinteraksi dengan makromolekul seperti DNA, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif DNA. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh paparan asap kebakaran hutan terhadap pembentukan senyawa DNA adduct 8-OHdG menggunakan HPLC fase terbalik dengan detektor UV pada panjang gelombang 254 nm. Fase gerak yang digunakan berupa campuran natrium fosfat 0,1 mol/L pH 6,7 dan metanol (85:15, v/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan asap kebakaran hutan meningkatkan konsentrasi 8-OHdG dalam urin korban kebakaran hutan dengan konsentrasi sebesar 2,76 ± 1,94 ppm. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk menganalisis senyawa S-PMA dalam urin korban kebakaran hutan sebagai biomarker spesifik paparan benzena. Senyawa S-PMA dianalisis menggunakan LC-MS/MS dengan fase gerak berupa diklorometana yang mengandung asam asetat 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa S-PMA terdeteksi di dalam urin korban kebakaran hutan dengan konsentrasi sebesar 0,011 ± 0,01 ppb, sehingga mengindikasikan adanya benzena di dalam asap kebakaran hutan tersebut.Forest fire wood smoke contains carcinogenic compounds that can produce reactive oxygen species through metabolic processes in the human body. The reactive oxygen species formed can interact with macromolecules such as DNA, thus causing oxidative damage to DNA. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of forest fire wood smoke exposure on the DNA adduct 8-OHdG formation using reverse-phase HPLC with a UV detector at a wavelength of 254 nm. The mobile phase used was a mixture of 0.1 M sodium phosphate pH 6.7 and methanol (85:15, v/v). The result showed that forest fire wood smoke exposure increased the concentration of 8-OHdG in the urine of forest fire victims with a concentration of 2.76 ± 1.94 ppm. This study was also conducted to analyze S-PMA compounds in the urine of forest fire victims as a specific biomarker of benzene exposure. S-PMA compound was analyzed using LC/MS-MS with dichloromethane containing acetic acid 1% as a mobile phase. The result found that the S-PMA compound was detected in the urine of forest fire victims with a concentration of 0.011 ± 0.01 ppb that indicating the presence of benzene in forest fire wood smoke."