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"Metarhizium majus UICC 295 merupakan kapang entomopatogen yang mampu membunuh serangga. Penelitian bertujuan menguji pengaruh penambahan tepung cangkang kepiting 10% (b/v) pada medium Saboraud Dextrose with Yeast Extract Agar (SDYA) terhadap kemampuan M. majus UICC 295 dalam menginfeksi larva Oryctes rhinoceros serta mengetahui pengaruh freezing pada -80o C menggunakan gliserol 10% (v/v) dan gliserol 10% (v/v) dengan penambahan laktosa 5% (b/v). Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada SDYA dengan penambahan tepung cangkang kepiting 10% mampu membunuh larva 100% dalam waktu 13 hari. Preservasi pada -80o C menggunakan akuades, gliserol 10% (v/v) dan gliserol 10% (v/v) dengan penambahan laktosa 5% (b/v) mampu mempertahankan viabilitas M. majus UICC 295 pada SDYA dan SDYA dengan penambahan tepung cangkang kepiting 10% (b/v). Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada kadaver larva O. rhinoceros tetap viabel setelah dipreservasi pada suhu -80o C.

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Metarhizium majus UICC 295 is an entomopathogenic fungus with the ability to kill insects. This research investigated the effect of 10% (w/v) crab shell powder in Saboraud Dextrose Agar with Yeast Extract (SDAY) on the pathogenicity of M. majus UICC 295 to infect Oryctes rhinoceros larvae and to determine the effect of freezing at -80o C using 10% (v/v) glycerol and 10% (v/v) glycerol added with 5% (w/v) lactose. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 on SDAY added with 10% (w/v) crab shell powder caused 100% larval mortality within 13 days. Preservation at -80o C using 10% (v/v) glycerol and 10% (v/v) glycerol added with 5% (w/v) lactose maintained the viability of M. majus UICC 295 on SDAY and SDAY added with 10% (w/v) crab shell powder. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 on O. rhinoceros cadaver was viable after being preserved at -80o C."

"Metarhizium majus UICC 295 adalah kapang entomopatogen. Penelitian bertujuan menguji kemampuan M. majus UICC 295 pada medium Sabouraud Dextrose with Yeast Extract Agar (SDYA) dengan penambahan tepung kulit udang 10% (b/v) dalam menginfeksi larva Oryctes rhinoceros serta mengetahui pengaruh preservasi metode freezing pada suhu -80o C menggunakan protektan gliserol 10% (v/v) dan gliserol 10% (v/v) dengan penambahan sukrosa 5% (b/v). Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada SDYA mampu membunuh larva 3,33%--100% dalam 7--11 hari dan dengan penambahan tepung kulit udang 10% membunuh larva 6,67%--40% dalam waktu 12--30 hari. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada medium SDYA tetap memiliki viabilitas setelah dipreservasi pada suhu -80o C menggunakan gliserol 10% dan gliserol 10% dengan penambahan sukrosa 5%. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada SDYA dengan penambahan kulit udang 10% kehilangan viabilitasnya setelah dipreservasi pada suhu -80o C. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 pada kadaver larva O. rhinoceros tetap memiliki viabilitas setelah dipreservasi pada suhu -80o C.

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Metarhizium majus UICC 295 is an entomopathogenic fungus. This research investigated the pathogenicity of M. majus UICC 295 from Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Yeast Extract (SDAY) medium added with 10% (w/v) shrimp shell powder to infect Oryctes rhinorecos larvae, and to determine the effect of preservation with freezing method at -80o C with 10% (v/v) glycerol and 10% (v/v) glycerol with addition of 5% (w/v) sucrose as protectants. Application of M. majus UICC 295 from SDYA caused 3.33%--100% larval mortality within 7--11 days, whereas addition of 10% shrimp shell powder caused 6.67%--40% larval mortality within 12--30 days. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 from SDYA was viable after being preserved at -80o C with 10% glycerol and 10% glycerol with addition of 5% sucrose as cryoprotectant, M. majus UICC 295 from SDYA with addition of 10% shrimp shell powder lost its viability after being preserved at -80o C with both cryoprotectants. Metarhizium majus UICC 295 on O. rhinoceros cadaver was viable after being preserved at -80o C."

"Keberadaan Candida pada vagina ibu hamil dapat menjadi sumber infeksi bagi bayi yang dilahirkannya saat melalui jalan lahir atau selama masa perawatan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil Candida spp pada vagina ibu hamil yang mengalami persalinan preterm dan neonatus yang dilahirkannya. Penelitian berdesain potong lintang ini menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling pada ibu hamil trimester III dengan persalinan preterm yang datang ke RSCM serta neonatus yang dilahirkannya. Terdapat 38 ibu hamil dengan persalinan preterm yang mengikuti penelitian sehingga diperoleh 38 bahan klinik cairan vagina ibu, serta 22 usap mulut dan 10 usap perianal neonatus. Pada bahan klinik tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan mikologi untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan spektrum spesies Candida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi keberadaan Candida spp pada vagina ibu hamil yang mengalami persalinan preterm sebesar 47,4 %. Profil Candida spp dari cairan vagina ibu terdiri atas: Candida albicans 12 isolat (66,7%), Candida tropicalis 3 isolat (16,7%), Candida glabrata 2 isolat (11,1%) dan Candida parapsilopsis 1 isolat (5,5%). Frekuensi keberadaan Candida pada usap mulut neonatus sebesar 13,6% sedangkan pada usap perianal ditemukan Candida pada 2 dari 10 neonatus. Profil Candida spp pada neonatus terdiri atas: Candida albicans dan Candida parapsilopsis. Hubungan antara keberadaan Candida spp pada vagina ibu hamil yang mengalami persalinan preterm dengan Candida spp pada neonatus belum dapat diketahui karena keterbatasan penelitian.

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The presence of Candida in vagina of pregnant women can be a source of infection in their neonates when pass birth canal or during baby care. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of Candida spp in vagina of pregnant women with preterm labor and their neonates. This cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling techniques on third-trimester pregnant women with preterm labor who come to Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and their neonates. There were 38 pregnant women with preterm labor, and obtained 38 vaginal swab of the mothers, 22 oral swab and 10 perianal swab of their neonates. Mycological examination was conducted to determine the frequency and spectrum of Candida species.

The results showed frequency of Candida spp in the vagina of pregnant women with preterm labor was 47.4%. The spectrum of Candida spp from 38 vaginal swab of the mothers consists of Candida albicans 12 isolates (66.7%), Candida tropicalis 3 isolates (16.7%), Candida glabrata 2 isolates (11.1%), and Candida parapsilopsis 1 isolate (5.5%). The frequency of Candida spp of 22 oral swab was 13.6% and 2 of 10 of perianal swab. The spectrum of Candida spp in neonates consists of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilopsis. The relationship between the presence of Candida spp in vagina of the mothers and their neonates could not be known yet due to the limitation of this study."

"Latar Belakang: Meningitis Cryptococcus merupakan infeksi oportunistik penting pada penderita AIDS dan menduduki urutan ke tiga infeksi otak. Angka kejadian meningitis Cryptococcus secara umum sebesar 957 900 kasus per tahun. Angka kejadian di Indonesia sekitar 5-30%, dan di Jakarta sebesar 21,9%. Angka kejadian tersebut tampaknya belum mencerminkan kondisi sebenarnya, mungkin karena gejala klinis yang tidak khas dan diagnosis pasti memerlukan cairan otak yang sulit didapat. Diperlukan metode lain untuk membantu keputusan klinis saat pungsi lumbal belum dapat dilakukan sehingga prevalensi kriptokokosis yang sesungguhnya diketahui. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi kriptokokosis pada pasien terinfeksi HIV pra ARV di UPT HIV RSCM. Metode penelitian: Studi potong lintang dilakukan sejak Mei - Juli 2013. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien terinfeksi HIV pra ARV. Antigen serum Cryptococcus diperiksa dengan metode lateral flow immunoassay (LFA). Hasil: Dari 78 subjek penelitian, sebanyak 59% adalah laki-laki, berusia 18-68 tahun. Kadar CD4 berkisar antara 2-754 sel/mm3, dan 68% dengan CD4 <200 sel/mm3. Sebanyak lima (6,4%) subjek positif antigen serum Cryptococcus, dua diantaranya dilakukan pungsi lumbal dengan hasil tidak dijumpai Cryptococcus. Kedua subjek ini mendapat terapi flukonazol oral dan hidup sampai saat ini. Tiga subjek lain menolak tatalaksana dan meninggal empat minggu kemudian. Simpulan: Prevalensi kriptokokosis pada pasien terinfeksi HIV pra ARV di UPT HIV-RSCM sebesar 6,4%.

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Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is prominent opportunistic infections occur in PWHIV and seats as the third most frequent brain infection. In general, Meningitis Cryptococcal reach 957 900 cases per year. It is estimated that the prevalence rate is 21.9% and 5 - 30% for Jakarta and Indonesia, respectively. It does not reflect the real number, which might be due to unspecific clinical symptoms. In making diagnosis, it requires cerebrospinal fluid that is challenging to obtain. Other method is needed to feeding clinical decision, when lumbal puncture cannot be performed. Thus, real Cryptococcal prevalence is known.

Aim: To ascertain Cryptococcal prevalence among pre-ART PWHIV at Integrated HIV Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Method: This study using cross-sectional design conducted from May – July 2013 at the HIV clinic. Participants of the study were patients who have not started ART. Cryptococcal serum antigen was tested using LFA.

Results: Of 78 participants, 59% male, age 18 - 68 year old. CD4 countvaried from 2 - 754 cell/mm3, where 68% had CD4 count <200 cell/mm3. Five participants (6.4%) were positive to Cryptococcal serum antigen, whereas two run lumbal puncture which showing negative result for Cryptoccus. They received oral fluconazole treatment and have survived until present. The rest refused thetreatment and passed away four weeks later.

Conclusion: Cryptococcosis prevalence among pre-ART PWHIV at Integrated HIV clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 6.4%."

"ABSTRAKMetarhizium majus UICC 295 adalah kapang entomopatogen. Penelitian bertujuan membuat dan menguji formula M. majus UICC 295 menggunakan media pembawa substrat jagung (Zea mays) terhadap larva Oryctes rhinoceros dengan metode kontak langsung, serta mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu penyimpanan terhadap viabilitas konidia/hifa kapang pada formula. Pengujian suspensi konidia/hifa kapang sebanyak (2,42 ± 0,50) x 106 CFU/ml menyebabkan kematian larva 100% dalam 9--14 hari. Pembuatan formula dengan menginokulasikan biomassa kapang sebanyak 10% (berat/berat) ke dalam jagung. Pengujian formula dengan jumlah konidia/hifa (1,77 ± 0,73) x 106 CFU/g menyebabkan kematian larva 100% dalam 7--13 hari. Penyimpanan formula pada suhu 25--27° C dan 4° C selama 30 hari menyebabkan penurunan viabilitaskonidia/hifa berturut-turut sebesar 93,95% dan 91,19%.

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AbstractMetarhizium majus UICC 295 is an entomopathogenic fungus. This research investigated the use of corn as a carrier for formulation of Metarhizium majus UICC 295, application of the formula on Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, and the effect of temperature and time on the conidia/hyphal viability during storage. Application of conidia/hyphal suspension (2.42 ± 0.50) x 106 CFU/ml caused 100% larval mortality within 9--14 days. Formulation was carried out by inoculation of 10% (w/w) fungal biomass into corn. Application of the formula containing conidia/hyphae (1.77 ± 0.73) x 106 CFU/g caused 100% larval mortality within 7--13 days. The conidia/hyphal viability in the formula was decreased 93.95% and 91.19%, after storage for 30 days at 25--27° C and 4° C, respectively."

"With a new team of authors, Larone’s Medically Important Fungi, Seventh Edition, continues the longstanding tradition of high-quality content to expand your knowledge and support your work in clinical mycology by: Providing detailed descriptions of the major mycoses as viewed in patients’ specimens by direct microscopic examination of stained slides; Offering a logical step-by-step process for identification of cultured organisms, utilizing detailed descriptions, images, pointers on organisms’ similarities and distinctions, and selected references for further information; Covering more than 150 of the fungi most commonly encountered in the clinical mycology laboratory, including new entries for Emergomyces, Metarhizium anisopliae, Rasamsonia argillacea, Rhinocladiella mackenziei, Schizophyllum commune, and Thermothelomyces thermophilus; Presenting details on each organism’s pathogenicity, growth characteristics, relevant biochemical reactions, and microscopic morphology, illustrated with photomicrographs, unique and elegant drawings, and color photos of colony morphology and various test results; Explaining changes in fungal taxonomy and nomenclature that are due to information acquired through molecular taxonomic studies of evolutionary fungal relationships; Providing basic information on molecular diagnostic methods, e.g., nucleic acid amplification and sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and other commercial platforms Including an extensive section of easy-to-follow lab protocols, a comprehensive list of media and stain procedures, guidance on collection and preparation of patient specimens, and an illustrated glossary. With Larone’s Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification, both novices and experienced professionals in clinical microbiology laboratories can confidently identify commonly encountered fungi"

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