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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Setelah berproduksi selama 10 tahun kemampuan alir tujuh sumur gas di Lapangan B berkurang secara alamiah dengan turunnya laju alir dan tekanan. Penurunan setiap sumur tidak seragam dipengaruhi oleh jenis reservoir dan kondisi sub-surface, akibatnya produksi gas tidak maksimal. Permasalahan diatasi dengan menurunankan tekanan abandonment sumur untuk mengurangi back pressure dari surface facility. Metode ini diaplikasikan dengan cara merekayasa skema produksi sumur. Simulasi untuk memprediksikan laju alir, tekanan dan menghitung kumulatif produksi serta Recovery Factor selama tahun 2018-2028 pada tiga skenario yaitu : Skenario 1, base case, yaitu gas diproduksikan dengan initial deliverability sumur hingga mencapai tekanan abandonment pertama pada 600 psi ; Skenario 2, header case, yaitu memasang header baru dengan operating pressure yang lebih rendah dari existing header ; Skenario 3, low pressure case, yaitu melakukan penurunan tekanan abandonment sampai sebesar 250 psi setara dengan suction presure Gas Compressor. Hasil simulasi diperoleh total kumulatif produksi Gp dan Recovery Factor RF masing-masing adalah sebagai berikut ; Skenario 1 Gp = 415 BCF, RF = 65,5 ; Skenario 2 Gp = 493 BCF, RF = 77,9 ; Skenario 3 Gp = 495 BCF, RF = 78,2 . Skenario 3 mampu menghasilkan produksi gas dan financial income paling maksimal karena dapat meningkatkan kemampuan alir gas semua sumur di Lapangan B sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Skenario 3 direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasikan.

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ABSTRACT
After producing for 10 years the deliverability of seven gas wells in Field B is naturally declined with a decrease in flow rate and pressure. The decrease in each well is not uniformly influenced by the reservoir type and sub surface conditions that caused gas production is not maximal. The problem is solved by lowering the well abandonment pressure to reduce the back pressure effect of the surface facility. This method is applied by modifying the well operating scheme. Simulations were performed to predict gas flow rates, pressures, cumulative gas production and Recovery Factor during 2018 2028 on three scenarios which is Scenario 1 , base case, that gas is naturally produced according to the well initial deliverability until it reaches the first abandonment pressure at 600 psi 2 , header case, ie installing a new header with operating pressure lower than the existing header 3 , low pressure case, ie lowering abandonment pressure down to 250 psi. Simulation resulted as follows Scenario 1 Gp 415 BCF RF 65.5 Scenario 2 Gp 493 BCF RF 77.9 Scenario 3 Gp 495 BCF RF 78.2 . Since Scenario 3 is able to produce maximum gas production and financial income due to improving all gas well deliverability in Field B, it can be concluded that Scenario 3 is recommended to be implemented.

Abstrak :
Pembangunan Terminal LNG Gresik bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gas sebesar 109 MMSCFD bagi PLTGU Jawa-3 yang terintegrasi dengan Terminal LNG Gresik dimana sumber gasnya diperoleh dari beberapa kilang LNG di dalam dan luar negeri. Pemodelan sistem logistik LNG untuk Terminal LNG Gresik dibangun untuk menggambarkan rantai pasokan LNG dari kilang LNG ke Terminal LNG Gresik dan akan dibuat beberapa skenario pasokan. Model yang dibangun bersifat linear dan akan dilakukan optimasi terhadap model tersebut dengan menggunakan pemrograman linear untuk mendapatkan biaya suplai gas minimum. Pemrograman linear mencakup penentuan fungsi objektif, variabel keputusan, batasan-batasan dan melibatkan Solver dari perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel untuk mendapatkan solusinya. Hasil menunjukkan biaya pasokan gas minimum diperoleh melalui skenario pasokan langsung dengan sumber gas berasal dari dalam dan luar negeri dengan kombinasi pasokan dari kilang Bontang sebesar 15,79 Bcf 40 pasokan dan dikirim sebanyak 12 kali per tahun, kilang Tangguh sebesar 11,84 Bcf 30 pasokan dan dikirim sebanyak 9 kali per tahun dan kilang Bintulu sebesar 11,84 Bcf 30 pasokan dan dikirim sebanyak 9 kali per tahun. ......The construction of LNG Gresik Terminal is aimed to fulfill the 109 MMSCFD gas requirement for PLTGU Java 3 which is integrated with the terminal where the gas source is obtained from several domestic and abroad liquefaction plants. The modeling of the LNG logistics system for LNG Gresik Terminal was built to illustrate the LNG supply chain from the liquefaction plants to the terminal and several supply scenarios will be proposed. The built model is linear and will be optimized by using linear programming to get the cheapest gas supply cost. Linear programming involves the determination of objective functions, decision variables, constraints and using Solver from Microsoft Excel software to get its solution. The result shows that the minimum gas supply cost is obtained through direct supply scenario with gas source from domestic and abroad with combination of gas supply Bontang equal to 15.79 Bcf 40 supply with 12 shipments, Tangguh equal to 11.84 Bcf 30 supply with 9 shipments and Bintulu equal to 11.84 Bcf 30 supply with 9 shipments.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tulisan ini membahas mengenai tanggung jawab kontraktual antara transporter dan shipper dalam Perjanjian Pengangkutan Gas Bumi Melalui Pipa terkait dengan asas proporsionalitas khususnya pada klausul ship-or-pay. Penerapan asas proporsionalitas merupakan aspek yang penting agar kedudukan hak dan kewajiban antara shipper dan transporter dapat seimbang. Penulis menganalisa tanggung jawab kontraktual PT. X selaku transporter dan PT. Y selaku shipper. Pembahasan akan permasalahan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di bidang gas bumi juga prinsip hukum perjanjian pada umumnya, khususnya terkait asas proporsionalitas. Pada perjanjian ini terdapat kewajiban utama dari transporter, yaitu untuk melakukan jasa pengangkutan gas bumi menggunakan pipa mulai dari titik serah sampai dengan titik terima. Sedangkan shipper memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menyerahkan gas sesuai dengan reserved capacity dan membayar tarif pengangkutan kepada transporter. Apabila shipper tidak dapat menyerahkan gas dalam jumlah minimum di titik serah, maka shipper memiliki kewajiban untuk membayar kepada transporter. Jika tidak dilihat secara teliti maka klausul ship-or-pay yang ada di dalam perjanjian ini akan dianggap tidak memenuhi asas proporsionalitas. Dari hasil analisis terhadap perjanjian tersebut, penulis menyarankan agar i adanya pengaturan BPH Migas terkait make-up gas dan ii penggunaan LNG sebagai opsi bagi pembangkit listrik mesin gas milik shipper.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis analyze contractual liability based on principle of proportionality between transporter and shipper in Pipeline Gas Transportation Agreement. The implementation of the proportionality principle is very important to make an equal position of the rights and obligations of the shipper and transporter. The author analyze the contractual liability of PT. X as a transporter and PT. Y as a shipper. This thesis analyze will be referred to the applicable laws in gas sector in Indonesia, the principle of contract law especially regarding the proportionality principle. In this agreement, transporter main obligation is to transport the gas from receipt point to delivery point. On the other side, shipper shall be responsible to deliver gas at receipt point and to pay pipeline tariff to transporter. If the shipper failed to tender a minimum quantity of gas to the transporter at the receipt point, shipper shall have a payment obligation to the transporter as a result of occurrence of the Annual Deficiency Volume. If not reviewed carefully, the ship or pay clause contained in this agreement shall be deemed not meet the proportionality principle. Based on the analysis to this agreement, the author suggest that i BPH Migas shall make a regulation related to the make up gas and ii utilization of small scale LNG as an option for shipper rsquo s gas engine power plant.

Abstrak :
Penentuan jenis fluida pengeboran merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam proses pengeboran minyak dan gas bumi. Sifat hidrolika dan rheology dari fluida pengeboran menjadi faktor utama penunjang produktifitas pengeboran. Oil-based mud merupakan lumpur pengeboran yang biasanya hanya digunakan disituasi sulit dimana lumpur water based sulit mengerjakan. Penentuan jenis oil-based mud berdasarkan data lithology formasi tanah dapat memudahkan kita dalam merencanakan kegiatan pengeboran. Spesifikasi pada oil-based mud digunakan untuk mendapatkan sifat fisik lumpur yang aman untuk menembus formasi, mengurangi kesalahan agar tidak terjadi terjadi fluid loss dan retak formasi, bahkan dalam kondisi terburuk dipersiapkan untuk menghadapi kick dan blowout. Formasi tanah yang unik dan sifatnya yang yang sulit ditebak mengharuskan penentuan material oil-based mud sangat penting untuk diperhatikan. Pemilihan bahan material yang tepat dapat mempengaruhi efiesiensi kerja lumpur pengeboran, dan dipastikan untuk mampu mengurangi resiko kesalahan yang akan mengakibatkan biaya perawatan sebesar 60 - 70% dari total seluruh biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pengeboran yang terjadi di production casing di wilayah kalimatan timur dan mencari tahu menegenai spesifikasi lumpur yang optimum dilihat dari data-data acuan yang ada. Dan juga untuk mengetahui formulasi drilling fluid oil-based mud yang sesuai dengan kondisi wilayah. ......Determining the type of drilling fluid is very important in the process of drilling for oil and gas. The nature of hydraulics and rheology of drilling fluid become the main factors in supporting drilling productivity. Oil-based mud is drilling mud which are frequently used on heavy situation which is water based mud can?t do. Determination of the types of oil-based mud based on data of soil formation lithology can facilitate us in planning of drilling operations. Spesifications of oil based mud is used to get physical properties of the sludge is safe to penetrate the formation, reduce errors in case of fluid loss and crack formation, even in the worst conditions are prepared to deal with a kick and blowout. An unique formation and its nature which can?t be predictable, makes the choosing material of oil-based mud become very important. The selection of the right materials can affect on the work efficiency of driiling mud, and it is certain to be able to reduce the error risk that would result of maintenance costs by 60-70% of total costs. This research aims to analyze the drilling process which is happen in productio on casing at east borneo from using the data and information from another well before. And also to knowing suitable formulation of oil based mud at that region.

Abstrak :
Offshore safety management, second edition provides an experienced engineer's perspective on the new Safety and environmental system (SEMS) regulations for offshore oil and gas drilling, how they compare to prior regulations, and how to implement the new standards seamlessly and efficiently. The second edition is greatly expanded, with increased coverage of technical areas such as engineering standards and drilling, and procedural areas such as safety cases and formal safety assessments. The new material both complements the SEMS coverage and increases the book's relevance to a global audience. Following the explosion, fire, and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon floating drilling rig in April 2010, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulations, and Enforcement (BOEMRE) issued many new regulations. One of them was the Safety and Environmental System rule, which is based on the American Petroleum Institute's SEMP recommended practice, finalized in April 2013. Author Ian Sutton explains the SEMS rule, and describes what must be done to achieve compliance. Each of the twelve elements of the SEMS rule (such as Management of change and safe work practices) is described in the book, and guidance is provided on how to meet BOEMRE requirements.