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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Glutation tereduksi (GSH) adalah antioksidan endogen nonenzimatik utama di paru dan saluran pernapasan. GSH mengoksidasi spesi oksigen reaktif (ROS) untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan oksidatif, sehingga GSH menjadi salah satu parameter pengukuran derajat stres oksidatif. Hipoksia sistemik kontinu telah diketahui menyebabkan pembentukan ROS dan kerusakan oksidatif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh waktu paparan hipoksia sistemik kontinu terhadap pembentukan ROS di jaringan paru, yang direpresentasikan melalui kadar GSH. Metode: Sampel paru didapat dari tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan berusia 6-8 minggu dengan berat badan 150-200 g, yang telah terpapar kondisi normoxia (kontrol) atau hipoksia sistemik kontinuselama hari. Kemudian, kadar GSH diukur dari ekstrak jaringan paru. Hasil: Data analisis dengan ANOVA mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kadar GSH paru terhadap perbedaan waktu pemaparan hipoksia sistemik kontinu Perbandingan post hoc LSD memperlihatkan bahwa dibutuhkan pemaparan hipoksia setidaknya 5 hari untuk menimbulkan efek, ditunjukkan dengan adanya penurunan bermakna kadar GSH pada kelompok hipoksia 5 hari dan 7 hari Namun, paparan hipoksia selama kurang dari atau sama dengan 3 hari tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar GSH. Kemudian, uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan adanya hubungan berbanding terbalik yang sangat kuat antara waktu pemaparan hipoksia terhadap kadar GSH paru Kesimpulan: Waktu pemaparan hipoksia sistemik kontinu mempengaruhi kadar GSH paru secara berbanding terbalik, di mana kadar GSH paru semakin menurun seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya waktu paparan hipoksia

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ABSTRACTBackground: Reduced-glutathione (GSH) is a major endogenous nonenzymatic antioxidant in the lung and airway system. GSH oxidizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent oxidative damage. Hence, GSH is considered one of the parameters for measuring the degree of ROS-induced oxidative stress. Continuous systemic hypoxia has been known to cause ROS formation and oxidative damage. Consequently, this research attempted to see the effect of exposure time to continuous systemic hypoxia to ROS formation in the lung as reflected by GSH level. Methods: Lung samples were collected from 6-8 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-200g, previously exposed to normoxic environment (control) or continuous systemic hypoxia (days. Afterwards, GSH level was measured from lung extracts. Results: Data analysis using ANOVA indicated a significant difference in lung GSH level upon different exposure times to continuous systemic hypoxia Post hoc LSD comparisons revealed that hypoxic exposure should be of at least 5 days to yield an effect, as shown by significantly reduced GSH level in hypoxic groups of 5 days . Meanwhile, hypoxic exposure for 3 days or less did not significantly affect GSH level. Further Pearsons correlation analysis demonstrated a very strong negative relationship between hypoxic exposure times and lung GSH level Conclusion: The exposure times to continuous systemic hypoxia were inversely proportional to lung GSH level, in which lung GSH level decreased as the exposure time was increased."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: otak adalah organ yang metabolisme energinya sangat bersifat aerobik dan mutlak memerlukan oksigen. Oksigen diperlukan sebagai akseptor elektron terakhir dalam kebutuhan ATP. Bila terjadi hipoksia, aliran elektron terganggu sehingga terjadi pembentukan radikal bebas yang mengakibatkan stres oksidatif dan berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan. Glutation (GSH) merupakan antioksidan endogen yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas sehingga mencegah kerusakan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk analisis hubungan antara hipoksia sistemik selama hari dengan kadar GSH jaringan otak. Metodologi: jaringan otak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini diambil dari tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan minggu) yang telah terpapar dengan kondisi normoksik sebagai kontrol dan hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan dalam . Kadar GSH kemudian diukur dan dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dan post-hoc LSD. Hasil: hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara kadar GSH dari jaringan otak dengan durasi paparan hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan, yang dipresentasikan dengan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok terpapar dengan kadar GSH terendah yang ditemukan di hari ng/mg protein). Hasil uji post-hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa hanya dengan 1 hari terpapar hipoksia dapat menghasilkan penurunan kadar GSH yang bermakna. Analisa berkelanjutan menggunakan uji Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa hari terpapar berbanding terbalik dengan kadar GSH Kesimpulan: GSH ditemukan menurun pada jaringan otak yang terpapar oleh hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan akibat penggunaannya yang terus-menerus.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: brain is an organ that has an aerobic energy metabolism and it fully needs oxygen. Oxygen is required as a final electron for the needs of ATP. If hypoxia occurs, the electron flow is interrupted, causing the formation of free radicals that leads to oxidative stress and potentially causes tissue damage. Glutathione (GSH) works as an endogenous antioxidant which can counteract free radicals thereby preventing tissue damage. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hypoxia within days with GSH levels in the brain tissue. Method: the brain sample of this study was taken from male Sprague-Dawley weeks old) that has been exposed to normoxic condition as the control, and continuous systemic hypoxia within The GSH level was then measured and analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc LSD. Results: the result of this study showed that there was a correlation between the GSH level of the brain tissue with the exposure duration of continuous systemic hypoxia, as it presented a significant difference between the control group and exposure groups with the lowest GSH level was found on day/mg). The post-hoc LSD test results showed that even only 1 day of hypoxic exposure may lead to significantly reduced GSH level . Further analysis conducted with Pearson Correlation test showed that the days of exposure is negatively correlated to the GSH levels . Conclusion: GSH was found to decrease in the brain tissue that was exposed to continuous systemic hypoxia due to the continuous usage."