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"Tulisan ini menganalisa tentang perluasan kompetensi Pengadilan Pajak dalam memeriksa dan mengadili tindakan faktual. Dalam kaitannya dengan perluasan kompetensi, maka disusun suatu mekanisme dalam mengoptimalkan adanya perluasan kompetensi Pengadilan Pajak. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum doktrinal. Pasca diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan, maka terdapat perluasan kompetensi Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara dalam menyelesaikan sengketa, salah satunya ialah menangani sengketa tindakan faktual. Pada Pasal 9A UndangUndang Nomor 9 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara beserta penjelasannya menyatakan bahwa lingkungan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara dapat dibentuk pengadilan khusus yang diatur dalam undangundang. Pengkhususan yang dimaksud berupa deferensiasi atau spesialisasi bidang hukum yang akan ditangani oleh suatu pengadilan. Hal ini selaras dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 26/PUU-XXI/2023, dimana kedudukan Pengadilan Pajak telah sepenuhnya menjadi bagian pengadilan khusus dalam lingkup badan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di bawah Mahkamah Agung. Oleh sebab itu Mahkamah Agung mengeluarkan SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 menyatakan bahwa tindakan faktual yang timbul dalam bidang perpajakan merupakan kompetensi Pengadilan Pajak sesuai dengan spesialiasi pengadilan. Praktiknya, Pengadilan Pajak belum dapat mengadili tindakan faktual, karena belum ada peraturan yang mengatur perluasan seperti pada Pasal 87 Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Skema penyelesaian sengketa tindakan faktual di Pengadilan Pajak tepat diajukan melalui mekanisme gugatan dengan melihat karakteristiknya yang menilai prosedur administrasi perpajakan. Selain itu diperlukan perluasan subjek sengketa yang meliputi warga masyarakat. Perluasan kewenangan Pengadilan Pajak dalam memeriksa dan mengadili tindakan faktual menguntungkan dunia usaha karena pengusaha mendapat kepastian hukum melalui penyelesaian sengketa yang cepat serta pertimbangan teknis.......This research analyzes the urgency of expanding the jurisdiction of the Tax Court, especially in examining and adjudicating factual actions. In relation to the expansion of the jurisdiction a mechanism was recognized in optimizing the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Tax Court. This research was conducted by using doctrinal law research methods. After the promulgation of Law Number 30/2014 concerning Government Administration, there has been an expansion of the competence of the State Administrative Court in resolving disputes, one of which is handling factual action disputes. Article 9A of Law Number 9/2004 concerning Amendments to the Law on the State Administrative Court and its explanation states that the environment of the State Administrative Court can be recognized a special court regulated in law. The specialization is intend to differentiation or specialization in the field of law to be handled by a court. This is conforming the Constitutional Court Decision 26/PUU-XXI/2023, where the position of the Tax Court has fully become part of a special court within the extent of the State Administrative Court below the Supreme Court. Therefore, the Supreme Court issued SEMA 1/2022 stating that factual actions arising in the extent of taxation are the competence of the Tax Court in accordance with the court's specialization. Practically, the Tax Court has not been able to adjudicate factual actions, because there are no regulations governing expansion as in Article 87 of the Government Administration Law. The dispute resolution scheme for factual actions in the Tax Court is appropriately submitted through the lawsuit mechanism by looking at its characteristics that assess tax administration procedures. In addition, it is necessary to expand the subject of disputes to include taxpayer. The expansion of the authority of the Tax Court in examining and adjudicating factual actions benefits the business sector because entrepreneurs get legal certainty through secured dispute resolution and technical considerations."

"Atas utang pajak yang belum dilunasi ditagih dengan Surat Paksa yang mempunyai kedudukan hukum yang sama dengan putusan pengadilan, walaupun Wajib Pajak sedang mengajukan keberatan maupun Banding. Namun dalam Undang-undang yang baru, pasat mengenai keberatan dan banding telah dirubah yang intinya Wajib Pajak tidak akan ditagth dengan Surat Paksa apabila telah melunasi utang pajak paling sedikit sejumlah yang telah disetujui saja. Pasal Ketentuan Peralihan juga memungkinkan atas satu Wajib Pajak dikenakan dua ketentuan yaitu UU yang lama dan UU yang baru.......For the tax obligation have not . et paid addicted by the Force Letter that it same to the decision of court although Taxpayer is making objection or appeal. In the new rule, chapter of objection and appeal had changed and the poin is that the Taxpayer will not addicted if the Taxpayer had paid tax obligation at least as amount that he was agree to paid only. The chapter of transition enable for one Taxpayer probably two rules, they are new rule and old rule."

"[Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2010-2013 dengan metode panel. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membuktikan pengaruh agresivitas pajak terhadap kebijakan utang perusahaan karena adanya pengurangan pajak dari biaya bunga yang bersifat substitutif dengan pengurang pajak lainnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menguji pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga terhadap kebijakan utang serta pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan antara agresivitas pajak dengan kebijakan utang. Perusahaan keluarga memiliki agency conflict antara pemegang saham mayoritas dan minoritas sehingga membutuhkan mekanisme pengawasan lain, seperti utang. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa agresivitas pajak yang diukur menggunakan perbedaan total laba akuntansi dan laba pajak memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kebijakan utang perusahaan. Namun, agresivitas pajak yang diukur menggunakan perbedaan permanen laba akuntansi dan laba pajak menunjukan pengaruh positif. Kepemilikan keluarga terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap tingkat utang, serta memperlemah hubungan antara agresivitas pajak dan kebijakan utang., This research used manufacturing industry data in Indonesia Capital Market for 2010-2013 under panel method. The purpose of this research is to assess impact of tax aggressiveness to corporate debt policy since there is interest expense tax reduction which is substitutive with other alternatives of tax reduction. This research also purposes to assess impact of family ownership to corporate debt policy and to relationship between tax aggressiveness and corporate debt policy. There is agency conflict between majority shareholder and minority shareholder in family firm so that family firm needs other monitoring mechanism, such as debt. Result shows that tax aggressiveness, which is measured by total book-tax gap, has negative impact to corporate debt policy. Meanwhile, tax aggressiveness which is measured by permanent book-tax gap has positive impact to corporate debt policy. Family ownership has positive impact to corporate debt policy. It also weakens relationship between tax aggressiveness and corporate debt policy.]"

"Adanya ketentuan mengenai daluwarsa penagihan pajak dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya hak mendahulu utang pajak. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kedudukan hak mendahulu utang pajak dengan adanya kreditor preferen lain dalam hal terjadinya kepailitan dan pengaruh daluwarsa penagihan pajak terhadap hak mendahulu utang pajak dalam kepailitan. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif mengenai kepailitan dan perpajakan di Indonesia. Dalam menggunakan metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penulisan skripsi ini, dapat diketahui bahwa utang pajak berkedudukan sebagai kreditor preferen yang mendapatkan pelunasan setelah biaya kepailitan dan imbalan jasa kurator serta utang upah buruh. Di samping itu, hak mendahulu utang pajak dipengaruhi oleh daluwarsa penagihan pajak yang dapat mengakibatkan hak mendahulu utang pajak tidak dapat diterapkan apabila hak untuk melakukan penagihan pajak daluwarsa. Namun, adanya ketentuan mengenai penangguhan daluwarsa hak mendahulu utang pajak memungkinkan utang pajak mendapatkan pelunasannya sebagai kreditor konkuren. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya hak untuk melakukan penagihan pajak menjadi dasar didapatkannya pelunasan utang pajak. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Direktorat Jenderal Pajak harus memperbaiki peraturan-peraturan maupun kebijakan-kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan penagihan pajak dalam kepailitan sedangkan Jurusita Pajak harus melakukan kegiatan penagihan pajak yang paling efektif guna dilunasinya utang pajak dalam terjadinya kepailitan. ......The existence of a provision concerning the expiration of tax collection may result in the loss of preceding right of the tax debt. The existence of a provision concerning the expiry of tax collection may result in the loss of the preceding right of the tax debt. This study identifies the preceding position of tax debt with the presence of other preferred creditors in the event of bankruptcy and the effect of the expiry of tax collection on the preceding right of tax debt in bankruptcy. This thesis approaches the Indonesian positive law regarding bankruptcy and taxation through a normative juridicial research method. In using the research method undertaken in the writing of this thesis, it can be seen that tax debt stands as a preferred creditor who gets repayment after the cost of bankruptcy and remuneration of curator services and laborer wage debts. In addition, the preceding right of tax debt is affected by tax collection expiration which may result in the preceding right of tax debt unenforcable. However, the provision concerning the postponement of the expiration of the preceding right of the tax debt allows the tax debt to get its repayment as a concurrent creditor. This shows that basically the right to collect taxes on the basis of the acquisition of tax debt. Based on this, the Directorate General of Taxation should improve the rules and policies relating to tax collection in bankruptcy whereas the Tax Administration should conduct the most effective tax collection activities for the settlement of tax debt in the event of bankruptcy."

"Adanya ketentuan mengenai daluwarsa penagihan pajak dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya hak mendahulu utang pajak. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kedudukan hak mendahulu utang pajak dengan adanya kreditor preferen lain dalam hal terjadinya kepailitan dan pengaruh daluwarsa penagihan pajak terhadap hak mendahulu utang pajak dalam kepailitan. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilakukan terhadap hukum positif mengenai kepailitan dan perpajakan di Indonesia. Dalam menggunakan metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penulisan skripsi ini, dapat diketahui bahwa utang pajak berkedudukan sebagai kreditor preferen yang mendapatkan pelunasan setelah biaya kepailitan dan imbalan jasa kurator serta utang upah buruh. Di samping itu, hak mendahulu utang pajak dipengaruhi oleh daluwarsa penagihan pajak yang dapat mengakibatkan hak mendahulu utang pajak tidak dapat diterapkan apabila hak untuk melakukan penagihan pajak daluwarsa. Namun, adanya ketentuan mengenai penangguhan daluwarsa hak mendahulu utang pajak memungkinkan utang pajak mendapatkan pelunasannya sebagai kreditor konkuren. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya hak untuk melakukan penagihan pajak menjadi dasar didapatkannya pelunasan utang pajak. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Direktorat Jenderal Pajak harus memperbaiki peraturan-peraturan maupun kebijakan-kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan penagihan pajak dalam kepailitan sedangkan Jurusita Pajak harus melakukan kegiatan penagihan pajak yang paling efektif guna dilunasinya utang pajak dalam terjadinya kepailitan. ......The existence of a provision concerning the expiration of tax collection may result in the loss of preceding right of the tax debt. The existence of a provision concerning the expiry of tax collection may result in the loss of the preceding right of the tax debt. This study identifies the preceding position of tax debt with the presence of other preferred creditors in the event of bankruptcy and the effect of the expiry of tax collection on the preceding right of tax debt in bankruptcy. This thesis approaches the Indonesian positive law regarding bankruptcy and taxation through a normative juridicial research method. In using the research method undertaken in the writing of this thesis, it can be seen that tax debt stands as a preferred creditor who gets repayment after the cost of bankruptcy and remuneration of curator services and laborer wage debts. In addition, the preceding right of tax debt is affected by tax collection expiration which may result in the preceding right of tax debt unenforcable. However, the provision concerning the postponement of the expiration of the preceding right of the tax debt allows the tax debt to get its repayment as a concurrent creditor. This shows that basically the right to collect taxes on the basis of the acquisition of tax debt. Based on this, the Directorate General of Taxation should improve the rules and policies relating to tax collection in bankruptcy whereas the Tax Administration should conduct the most effective tax collection activities for the settlement of tax debt in the event of bankruptcy. "

"Since 1 July 2013 al MSME?s with annual revenues less than Rp 4.8 billion must pay tax. This paper discusses likely impacts on this policy on MSME?s in Indonesia. Theoritically, there are two possibilities that can happen, namely negative and positive. From the negative side, the level of productivity in MSME?s, especially with low revenues, will decline. Whereas from the positive side, if tax income generated from this policy is used to finance development of infrastructure and others which are important for the economic growth and the increase in average income per capita, market demand for MSME?s products will increase, which means positive for the enterprises. However its end result is still a question. Besides this theoritical analysis, this paper also gives some policy recommendations to minimize possible negative impacts of the tax policy."

"During the last three years, the tax amount collected formed an continuing rising contribution to the state revenues. Contributing 70.4 % in 2002, 70.8 % in 2003, and 77.8% in 2004 for the State Budget. Contrary, other revenues contributed less to the State Budget, 29.6 % in 2002, 22 % in 2004. The significant rise in tax revenues during the successive years and particularly the last 3 years may still increase. Such is indicated by the increasing amount of unpaid taxes, whereas taxes are a lasting source of income which can be increased.In line with the overall State Policy for 1999-2004, ordering a tax increase under more as the source of the nation's revenues. The policy has shown an adequately significant rise in tax revenues but still facing many problems in the form of unpaid taxes. The government has worked hard to collect unpaid taxes by applying new regulations and policies to reduce the amount of unpaid taxes.The main problem reviewed in this survey is to see whether enforced tax collecting can indeed reduce the amount of unpaid taxes. The tax bureau for big taxpayers is investigated to see whether they were really able to reduce the amount of unpaid taxes. The investigation made use of available records to find out the results obtained through enforced collection and liquidation of unpaid taxes. A qualitative approach was used by making a conclusion from secondary documents and reports, while a qualitative approach was used to apply technique of correlation, the Pearson Product Moment.The investigations indicated liquidated unpaid taxes of big taxpayers during 2002-2004 being 21.61 %, 30.54 % and 34.55 %. While the result is significant, it is however less significant compared with the liquidation of unpaid taxes on a national scale in the same period of 40.73 %, 32.15 %. lt means that liquidation of unpaid taxes from big taxpayers is always less than the liquidation of unpaid taxes on a national scale. lt means that the enforce collection of unpaid taxes from big taxpayers must be improved. The hypothetical shows a calculated value 2.353. Where the calculated value is higher if compared with the value indicated in the table, it means that it should he rejected and an alternative hypothesis. So the enforced collection of unpaid taxes has visible result in reducing the amount of unpaid taxes.The Tax Bureau should be recommended to apply enforced tax collection even with detention of uncooperative tax payers where the survey shows that enforced tax collection has had visible result and that eventual detention of uncooperative taxpayers may become a real deterrent where it is so far not applied, and the Tax Bureau should reorganize and stricter control its personnel for better results under the prevailing regulations."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh insentif manajemen terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan tata kelola perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Insentif manajemen yang diwakilkan komponen manajemen kunci dibagi dengan cash flow from operation sebagai variabel independen. Penghindaran pajak diwakilkan dengan current ETR sebagai variabel dependen. Sedangkan tata kelola perusahaan dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan skor efektifitas dewan komisaris dan efektifitas komite audit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa insentif manajemen berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak.Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan efektifitas dewan komisaris memperlemah hubungan insentif manajemen terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sedangkan efektifitas komite audit tidak mempengaruhi hubungan insentif manajemen terhadap penghindaran pajak.

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ABSTRACT

The research aims to analyze the effects of management compensation on tax avoidance with corporate governance as variable moderation. Management compensation is measured by key management components divide by cash flow from operations as independen variable. Tax avoidance is represented by the current ETR as dependent variable. While corporate governance in this research was measured by score effectiveness of commissioners and the effectiveness of audit committee.

These results indicate that management incentives significant positive effect on tax avoidance. The results also show the effectiveness of commissioners weakens relationship the management incentives against tax avoidance. While the effectiveness of audit committees not affect relationship the management incentives against tax avoidance.;The research aims to analyze the effects of management compensation on taxavoidance with corporate governance as variable moderation. Managementcompensation is measured by key management components divide by cash flowfrom operations as independen variable. Tax avoidance is represented by thecurrent ETR as dependent variable. While corporate governance in this researchwas measured by score effectiveness of commissioners and the effectiveness ofaudit committee. These results indicate that management incentives significantpositive effect on tax avoidance. The results also show the effectiveness ofcommissioners weakens relationship the management incentives against taxavoidance. While the effectiveness of audit committees not affect relationship themanagement incentives against tax avoidance., The research aims to analyze the effects of management compensation on taxavoidance with corporate governance as variable moderation. Managementcompensation is measured by key management components divide by cash flowfrom operations as independen variable. Tax avoidance is represented by thecurrent ETR as dependent variable. While corporate governance in this researchwas measured by score effectiveness of commissioners and the effectiveness ofaudit committee. These results indicate that management incentives significantpositive effect on tax avoidance. The results also show the effectiveness ofcommissioners weakens relationship the management incentives against taxavoidance. While the effectiveness of audit committees not affect relationship themanagement incentives against tax avoidance.]"