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"Latar belakang : Penyakit periodontal disebabkan oleh akumulasi plak mengandung kumpulan mikroorganisme patogen yang memicu respons imun host, menyebabkan pelepasan mediator inflamasi. Peradangan jaringan periodontal yang bersifat kronis menyebabkan inflamasi sistemik derajat rendah dan peningkatan kadar sitokin, seperti Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β). Respons imun yang konstan terhadap antigen terus menerus terjadi pada penderita long Covid. Terdapat persamaan respons inflamasi menunjukkan potensi hubungan antara periodontitis dengan infeksi COVID-19. Evaluasi parameter klinis periodontal subjek dengan dengan dan tanpa riwayat COVID-19 memberikan pemahaman dampak COVID-19 terhadap kesehatan periodontal Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan penyakit periodontal dan riwayat COVID-19 dengan parameter klinis periodontal dan kadar sitokin IL-1β. Metode : Subjek penelitian berjumlah 36 orang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu sehat periodontal, gingivitis dan periodontitis dengan parameter klinis periodontal yang diperiksa yaitu kehilangan perlekatan klinis / CAL, indeks plak / PI, perdarahan papila interdental / PBI dan gingival index (GI). Peneliti menganalisis hasil perbandingan nilai CAL, PI, PBI, dan GI pada subjek penyakit periodontal dengan riwayat COVID-19 dan kadar interleukin dengan ELISA. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan subjek sehat, dan subjek penyakit periodontal dengan parameter klinis periodontal CAL, PI, PBI, GI yang signifikan (p<0.05). Kecenderungan peningkatan parameter klinis periodontal CAL, PI, PBI, GI sesuai keparahan penyakit periodontal. Subjek riwayat COVID-19 memiliki kadar sitokin IL-1β lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa riwayat (p<0.05). Terdapat hubungan parameter klinis Gingival Index (GI) pada subjek Gingivitis dan PBI dengan kadar sitokin IL-1β pada subjek riwayat COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan penyakit periodontal dan riwayat COVID- 19 dengan parameter klinis periodontal dan kadar sitokin IL-1β. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penyakit periodontal merupakan faktor resiko keparahan dari infeksi COVID dan sebaliknya.

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Background: Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is caused by the

accumulation of plaque containing a group of pathogenic microorganisms that trigger the

host's immune response, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. Chronic

inflammation of the periodontal tissues causes low-grade systemic inflammation and an

increase in cytokine levels, such as Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β). Constant immune

responses to continuous antigen exposure occur in individuals with long Covid. The

similarity in inflammatory responses indicates a potential connection between

periodontitis and COVID-19 infection. Evaluating the clinical parameter periodontal of

subjects with and without a history of COVID-19 provides insights into the impact of

COVID-19 on periodontal health Objective: To analyze the relationship between

periodontal disease and a history of COVID-19 with clinical parameter periodontal and

IL-1β cytokine levels. Methods: The study included 36 participants divided into three

groups: a healthy periodontal group, a gingivitis group, and a periodontitis group. The

clinical parameter periodontal was assessed using clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque

index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), and gingival index (GI). The researcher

analyzed the mean values of CAL, PI, PBI, and GI in patients with periodontal disease,

considering their history of COVID-19 and interleukin levels using ELISA. Result:

Significant differences were found between subjects with healthy clinical parameter

periodontal and those with periodontal disease, as indicated by the values of CAL, PI,

PBI, and GI (p <0.05). There was a trend of increasing CAL, PI, PBI, and GI values in

line with the severity of periodontal disease. Subjects with a history of COVID-19 showed

higher levels of IL-1β cytokine compared to those without a history (p <0.05). There was

a relationship between clinical parameter periodontal (Gingival Index - GI) in subjects

with gingivitis and PBI with the IL-1β cytokine levels in subjects with a history of

COVID-19. Conclusion: There is relationship between periodontal disease and a history

of COVID-19 with clinical parameter periodontal and IL-1β cytokine levels. This study

suggests that periodontal disease is a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 infection."

"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the essential oil of Kaempheria galangal as an anti-inflammatory agent, by evaluating its effect on interleukin 1B (IL-1B ???), produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) E. coli stimulated macrophages. Macrophage cells were stimulated with LPS E. coli and essential oil of Kaempheria galangal at concentrations of 3 ul/ml, 1.5 ul/ml, 0.75 ul/ml and 0.25 ul/ml. All of the treatment groups were incubated at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 for 24 hours. The concentrations of IL-1B supernatant were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed significant differences between the treatment groups (p<0.05). This study indicates that the essential oil of Kaempheria galangal suppressed IL-1B produced by LPS E. coli stimulated macrophage cells."

"Latar Belakang: Gen Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist IL-1RN merupakan gen yang mengkodekan protein IL-1RN dan polimorfisme VNTR 86bp gen tersebut telah dihubungkan dengan terjadinya berbagai kanker, termasuk kanker kepala dan leher KKL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan polimorfisme gen IL-1RN pada penderita KKL di Indonesia. Metode: Analisis Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR digunakan pada sampel DNA tersimpan dari 50 subyek kontrol dan 50 subyek penderita KKL untuk melihat polimorfisme gen IL-1RN VNTR. Hasil: Persentase genotip pembawa alel A2 alel mutan adalah 18 pada sampel kontrol dan 32 pada sampel penderita KKL. Nilai p>0,05 untuk distribusi genotip dan alel pada sampel kontrol dan penderita KKL. Kesimpulan: Ditemukan polimorfisme gen IL-1RN VNTR pada penderita KKL dan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada distribusi polimorfisme gen IL-1RN VNTR antara penderita KKL dan individu sehat di Indonesia.

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Background: Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist IL-1RN gene encodes IL-1RN protein and its 86bp variable number of tandem repeat VNTR polymorphism within intron 2 has been associated with the development of several cancers, including head and neck cancer HNC. This study aimed to describe the IL-1RN polymorphism of HNC patients in Indonesia.

Methods: The polymerase chain reaction PCR analysis was conducted on stored blood derived DNA samples from 50 control subjects and 50 HNC subjects for IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism.

Results: The percentage of A2 carrier genotype is 18 in control samples and 32 in HNC samples. The p value is 0,05 in the frequencies of genotypes or alleles in both control and cancer groups.

Conclusion: There is IL-1RN VNTR gene polymorphism in HNC patients and there is no significant association of IL 1RN VNTR polymorphism between HNC patients and healthy individuals in the studied Indonesian population."