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"Sekitar abad ke-20, dolar Amerika Serikat semakin mendominasi karena sering digunakan dan bahkan menjadi mata uang yang paling banyak dipakai dalam transaksi perdagangan antarnegara. Oleh karena itu, dolar Amerika Serikat memiliki nilai yang kuat dan berpengaruh besar terhadap keuangan internasional. Salah satunya implikasinya terlihat ketika Krisis Finansial Global tahun 2008. Krisis ini berkaitan erat dengan kondisi perekonomian buruk yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat dan menyebabkan merosotnya aktivitas ekonomi serta perdagangan dunia. Hal ini kemudian memberikan dampak langsung yang signifikan bagi negara-negara yang perekonomiannya ditopang oleh ekspor, seperti Tiongkok, Jepang, Korea Selatan, dan Indonesia. Berdasarkan hal ini, muncul keprihatinan dari negara-negara di dunia untuk mengambil langkah preventif agar mata uang masing-masing negara tidak terlalu dependen terhadap dolar Amerika Serikat. Salah satu upaya tersebut berbentuk kerja sama penyelesaian transaksi perdagangan menggunakan mata uang lokal atau Local Currency Settlement (LCS). Indonesia pertama kali menginisiasi LCS pada tahun 2016 dan saat ini telah bekerja sama dengan empat negara, yaitu Thailand, Malaysia, Jepang, dan Tiongkok. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, belum ada dampak signifikan yang dibawa oleh perjanjian ini. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mempertanyakan inisiatif Indonesia untuk mengadakan kerja sama LCS, meskipun pengaruh yang diberikan tidak signifikan dan kepentingan yang sebenarnya ingin diraih Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui alasan dibalik inisiasi kerja sama LCS. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori rational choice oleh Shannon L. Blanton dan Charles W. Kegley sebagai kerangka analisis dengan analisis empat elemen, yaitu (1) pengenalan masalah dan definisi; (2) pemilihan tujuan; (3) identifikasi alternatif; dan (4) pilihan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan data yang diambil merupakan data sekunder. Data sekunder diambil dari jurnal, buku, situs, portal berita, dan sumber lainnya yang relevan. Berdasarkan data yang ada, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa inisiasi kerja sama LCS hanya bersifat komplementer untuk mendukung kebijakan-kebijakan lainnya dalam memperkuat ekonomi nasional. Selain itu, kerja sama ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dengan perluasan kerangka dan penambahan negara mitra lainnya di kawasan Asia, sehingga dapat memperkuat stabilitas regional.

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Since the 20th century, the United States dollar has increasingly dominated and even become the most used currency in trade transactions between countries. Thus, the United States dollar has a strong value and greatly influences international finance. One of the implications could be seen during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. This crisis was closely related to the poor economic conditions in the United States that caused a decline in economic activity and world trade. It then directly impacts countries whose economies are supported by exports, such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Indonesia. Based on this issue, there are concerns from countries worldwide to take preventive steps to reduce each country's dependency on the United States dollar. One of these efforts is in the form of cooperation in settlement of trade transactions using local currency or Local Currency Settlement (LCS). Indonesia first initiated the LCS in 2016 and is currently collaborating with four countries: Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, and China. However, in practice, there has been no significant impact brought by this agreement. Therefore, this research questions Indonesia's initiative to establish LCS cooperation, even though the result is insignificant and the interests that Indonesia wants to achieve. This research aims to find out the reasons behind the initiation of LCS cooperation. This research uses the rational choice theory by Shannon L. Blanton and Charles W. Kegley as an analytical framework with an analysis of four elements: (1) problem recognition and definition; (2) goal selection; (3) identification of alternatives; and (4) choice. The research method uses a qualitative approach and the data taken are secondary data from journals, books, websites, news portals, and other relevant sources. Based on the analysis, this research shows that the initiation of LCS cooperation is only complementary to supporting other policies in strengthening the national economy. In addition, this cooperation has the potential to be developed by expanding the framework and adding other partners from neighboring countries to strengthen regional stability."

"Hatta and Indonesia’s Independent and Active Foreign Policy” is a book published by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Indonesia, edited by Evan A. Laksmana and Lina Alexandra. This book gathers a dozen rising scholars and analysts of Indonesian foreign policy to examine the conditions and extent to which “independent and active principle” - first articulated by Vice President Mohammad Hatta in 1948 - has been used and abused in various strategic policy issues. The book launch event aims to introduce this book to the public, especially stakeholders related to the formulation of Indonesia’s foreign policy. Furthermore, we would also want to get the public’s critical response to the analyses contained in this book. The event will be conducted in a hybrid setting in which offline participants are limited to 60 people."

"Kebangkitan ekonomi Tiongkok menghadirkan pergeseran poros ekonomi global yang mengundang peninjauan ulang kepentingan berbagai negara. Tidak hanya negara besar, kebangkitan Tiongkok juga diperhatikan oleh negara-negara kecil yang sangat bergantung dengan perdagangan internasional. Salah satunya adalah Selandia Baru. Tinjauan pustaka ini dibuat untuk memetakan, mencari celah, merefleksi, dan mensintesiskan bahasan akademik mengenai kebijakan perdagangan bilateral Selandia Baru dengan Tiongkok, khususnya mengenai perkembangan historis, aspek perdagangan, dan hubungannya dengan geopolitik. Berdasarkan 22 literatur akademik yang diseleksi dari Scopus dan Google Scholar, tinjauan ini mengungkap bahwa literatur akademik hubungan internasional banyak membahas aspek ekonomi, politik, dan strategi dari kebijakan perdagangan Selandia Baru dengan Tiongkok. Selandia Baru giat mengelola relasi perdagangan krusialnya dengan Tiongkok yang dihadapi problematika geopolitik kawasan, perbedaan sistem pemerintahan, dan norma antar kedua negara. Para akademisi cukup sepaham dan tidak banyak saling menentang terutama dalam memandang signifikansi perdagangan sebagai perihal yang berkaitan kuat dengan keberlangsungan dan keamanan Selandia Baru. Hasil tinjauan pustaka ini melihat celah bahwa kajian mengenai kebijakan Selandia Baru dalam menghadapi Tiongkok tergolong cukup jarang dan belum banyak mengambil perspektif analisis negara kecil. Tinjauan ini merekomendasikan untuk memperbanyak kajian mengenai topik terkait, terutama dalam bidang perdagangan terhadap negara-negara lain di kawasan yang mungkin mempunyai perbedaan sistem dan nilai politik.

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China's economic rise presents a shift in global axis that invites reviews of interests of various countries. Not only large countries, China's rise is also noticed by small countries that are very dependent on international trade. One of them is New Zealand. This review is created to map, find gaps, reflect and synthesize discussions regarding New Zealand's bilateral trade policy with China, especially on historical developments, trade, and geopolitics. Based on 22 academic literature selected from Scopus and Google Scholar, this review reveals that international relations literatures largely discusses economics, politics and strategies of New Zealand's policy. New Zealand actively manage its crucial trade with China which are faced with problems of geopolitics, differences in government systems, and norms. Academics are quite in agreement and do not contradict each other, especially in viewing the significance of trade as it is strongly relates to New Zealand’s survivability. Results of this review shows a gap that studies regarding New Zealand's policy on China are quite rare and have not taken many small country analysis perspectives. This review recommends further research of the topic, especially in the field of trade with countries in the region which may have variative political systems and values."

"International order is being remade by new "shapers"--emerging powers that are increasingly assertive in world affairs. Controversies rage about the trajectory of Chinese strategy, the revival of Russian ambitions, the ascent of India, the reconfiguration of Middle East politics, the return of Germany to geopolitics, and the mounting power of Brazil in the Western Hemisphere. Rarely do scholars and commentators think comparatively about the strategic calculations, politics, and impact of these powers in relation to one another and to the United States. What will the shapers do and why? How should the United States respond? What kind of world will they create? The conventional wisdom on national strategy suggests these shaping states have clear central authority, coherently connect means to ends, and focus on their geopolitical environment. The chapters in this edited volume suggest a different conclusion. In seven critically important countries--Brazil, China, Germany, India, Israel, Russia, and Turkey--strategy is dominated by nonstate threats, domestic politics, the powerful and distorting effect of history and national identity, economic development concerns, and the sheer difficulty, in the face of so many powerful internal and external constraints, to pursue an effective national strategy. The United States, in responding to these seven shaper states, must comprehend these sources of strategy."--Provided by publisher."