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Abstrak :
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai prediksi VO2max dan kadar laktat pada uji latih submaksimal menggunakan sepeda Astrand saat menggunakan masker bedah dan N95 pada tenaga medis. Metode penelitian adalah desain experimental. Subjek penelitian adalah tenaga medis usia dewasa muda baik laki-laki atau perempuan dengan IMT normoweight sampai obesitas I. Tingkat aktivitas fisik subjek dinilai dengan kuesioner IPAQ sebelum dimulai uji latih. Total subjek penelitian adalah 54 orang. Subjek penelitian melakukan uji latih submaksimal sepeda Astrand dengan menggunakan masker medis dan masker N95 untuk mengetahui nilai prediksi VO2max. Interval uji latih dengan kedua masker adalah minimal 2 hari dan maksimal 1 minggu. Peningkatan kadar laktat diukur melalui selisih nilai laktat yang diperiksa sebelum uji dan sesaat setelah uji latih selesai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat nilai prediksi VO2max yang lebih rendah secara signifikan saat uji latih memakai masker 95 dibandingkan masker bedah (p<0.001). Nilai prediksi VO2max yang lebih rendah secara signifikan juga didapatkan pada kelompok jenis kelamin perempuan, laki-laki, kelompok normoweight dan obesitas I dengan nilai p <0.001, 0.09, <0.001, 0.06 secara berurutan. Peningkatan laktat saat uji latih menggunakan masker N95 lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan saat memakai masker bedah dengan nilai p=0.003. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai prediksi VO2max dan peningkatan laktat saat uji latih submaksimal sepeda astrand dengan menggunakan masker bedah dan N95 pada tenaga medis ......The objection of this study is to evaluate the difference of VO2max predicted value and blood lactate level in submaximal exercise testing with astrand ergocycle using N95 and surgical mask among physician. The method of this study is experimental design. The subjects are male or female young adult physician with BMI within normo-weight to obesity I. Activity level of the subjects was assessed using IPAQ quisioner before the exercising testing. Total of the subject in this study was 54. The subject performed the submaximal exercise testing with astrand ergocycle using surgical and N95 mask to obtain the VO2max prediction value. The interval between the exercise testing was minimum 2 days and maximum 1 week. The increase of lactate level was measure by subtracting the lactate level post exercise testing with pre-exercise testing level. The result of this study shows that the predicted VO2max from submaximal exercise testing with N95 mask is significantly lower than while using surgical mask (p<0.001). According to the gender, the same result also found in female and male groups using N95 and also according to BMI, the same result also found in normo-weight and obesity I group with p value <0.001, 0.09, <0.001, 0.06 respectively. The increase of blood lactate level also higher significantly in N95 mask group with p 0.003. The conclusion of the study is there are significant difference in predicted VO2max and the increase of blood lactate level from the submaximal exercise testing with N95 and surgical mask among physician

Abstrak :
Sayur asin umumnya dikenal sebagai produk fermentasi spontan sawi pahit, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., oleh bakteri asam laktat (BAL) epifit di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa. Informasi keanekaragaman BAL di sayur asin lokal Indonesia masih sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman BAL di sayur asin lokal Indonesia. Telah dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi BAL dari sebelas sampel sayur asin diperoleh dari Tulung Agung, Kediri, Solo,Yogyakarta, Kota Semarang dan Depok. BAL diisolasi dari sayur asin dan larutan fermentasi. Identifikasi BAL dilakukan secara molekuler berdasarkan sekuen 16S rDNA. Sebanyak 631 isolat BAL telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan 20 spesies BAL yang telah diketahui namanya yaitu Lactobacilus farciminis (90 isolat), L. fermentum (106 isolat), L. namurensis (48 isolat), L. plantarum (309 isolat), L. paralimentarius (4 isolat), L. parafarraginis (1 isolat), L. nodensis (1 isolat), L. tucceti (11 isolat), L. acidophilus (1 isolat), L. helveticus (2 isolat), L. brevis (4 isolat), L. parabrevis (3 isolat), L. futsaii (11 isolat), L. versmoldensis (4 isolat), L. coryniformis (16 isolat), L. casei (12 isolat), L. rhamnosus (2 isolat), L. fabifermentans (3 isolat), L. satsumensis (1 isolat), L. zymae (1 isolat) dan 1 kandidat spesies baru Lactobacillus sp. B4 (1 isolat) secara genetik dekat dengan L. composti. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan keanekaragaman BAL di sayur asin asal Jawa Indonesia cukup tinggi. Analisis intraspesies pada spesies dominan L. plantarum dan L. fermentum asal sayur asin menggunakan tiga teknik molekuler restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) dan enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) menunjukkan terdapat tiga kelompok genotip L. plantarum dan dua kelompok genotip L. fermentum asal sayur asin. ...... Sayur asin is commonly known as a spontaneous fermented mustard Brassica juncea (L.) Czern product by epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Indonesia, in particular Java. The information on LAB diversity in Indonesia was obviously limited. More investigation is required. Therefore, effort on inventory of LAB from sayur asin in Indonesia was carried out to determine its diversity. LAB diversity in eleven samples of sayur asin collected from Tulung Agung, Kediri, Solo, Yogyakarta, Kota Semarang and Depok was studied. LAB was isolated from both of fermented mustards and fermenting liquors. Molecular identification of the isolates was conducted based on 16S rDNA sequence data. A total of 631 isolates of LAB was successfully isolated and identified. The bacteria belong to 20 known species viz, Lactobacilus farciminis (90 isolates), L. fermentum (106 isolates), L. namurensis (48 isolates), L. plantarum (309 isolates), L. paralimentarius (4 isolates), L. parafarraginis (1 isolate), L. nodensis (1 isolate), L. tucceti (11 isolates), L. acidophilus (1 isolate), L. helveticus (2 isolates), L. brevis (4 isolates), L. parabrevis (3 isolates), L. futsaii (11 isolates), L. versmoldensis (4 isolates), L. coryniformis (16 isolates), L. casei (12 isolates), L. rhamnosus (2 isolates), L. fabifermentans (3 isolates), L. satsumensis (1 isolate), L. zymae (1 isolate) and 1 candidate of novel species Lactobacillus sp. B4 (1 isolate) phylogenetically closed to L. composti. The current study revealed high diversity of LAB present in sayur asin from Java, Indonesia. Study on intraspecies determination of predominant isolates belonging to L. plantarum and L. fermentum in sayur asin using three molecular techniques namely: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) revealed that strains belong to L. plantarum and L. fermentum in sayur asin could be divided into three and two genotypic groups respectively