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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT The focus of this sociolinguistic study is the relationship between social economic status (socionomic status) and the linguistic code, especially the sentence complexity. The purposes of the study are (1) to measure sentence patterns' among groups of speaker socionomic lower-low, upper-low, lower-middle, and upper-middle; (2) to measure the index of sentence complexity based of the average sentence length (ASL), the index of sentence complexity based on average block length (ABL), and the index of sentence based of the average clause depth (ACD) of four socionomic status groups; (3) to measure the variety of sentence complexity among four socionomic status groups; (4) to measure the effect of socionomic status on the sentence complexity; (5) to measure the contributions of each subvariable of socionomic status to the sentence complexity, and; (6) to measure the close relationship between socionomic status and sentence complexity. This study used two approaches, namely lingustic and sociological approaches. The relationship between socionomic status and sentence complexity was analyzed in terms deficit theory. The subjects of this study were the native speakers of the Minangkabau language in Municipality of Padang. The data were sentences spoken by informants and individual reports about the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the informants. The data were collected by using recording and questionnaire. The data in the form of sentence were analyzed by using the technique of sentence patterns measurement and sentence complexity according to Cook (1979). Data that were collected by using questionnaire were analyzed by using Hollingshead and Redlich's (1958) and Labov's techniques (1966) to measure the socionomic status of the speakers. Sentence complexity variation among the four socionomic status groups was measured by using one-way variant analysis. The effect of socionomic to the sentence complexity and the contributions of each socionomic's subvariables to sentence complexity were measured by using double regresion analysis technique. The findings of this study include the following. There is no significant different between sentence patterns and the index of sentence complexity of oral Minangkabau language spoken by lower-low, upper-low, lower-middle, and upper-middle socionomic status speaker. The sentence patterns and sentence complexity do not indicate the socionomic status of its speakers. There is no difference of linguistic codes in sentence complexity among the four socionomic status groups. There is no significant effect between socionomic and ASL. On other side, socionomic status gives significant effect to ABL and ACD. All socionomic's subvariables (Job, education, and income) do not give significant contribution to ASL. Among the three subvariables of socionomic, it is only the income that gives significant contribution to ABL and ACD. Although the effect of socionomic to ASL is minimal, it indicates positive correlation between the socionomic status and ASL, ABL, and ACD.

Abstrak :
This study aims at describing syntactic behavior of congruence and rection in Arabic by examining the syntactic element attached to them. This study also aims at determining types of congruence and rection in Arabic that have not been revealed so far. Syntactic element that is involved in the process of congruence and rection is the secondary category such as person, number, gender, definiteness, case, mood, and aspect. Both of congruence and rection focused on relation between constituents in one construction. The two term can be distinguished by looking at the category involved. Congruence focuses on the relation between constituents in one construction that is marked by the appearance of the same category, for example, the category of person, number, and gender play an important role in the relation between a subject and its verbal predicate, while rection focuses on relation that is marked by the appearance of a certain category resulted from the relation between one constituent and another constituent, for example, accusative case in the objective function is a result of relation between an object and its predicate. This study concludes that in Arabic, congruence and rection can be found at the clause and phrase level.

Abstrak :
Karya proyek ini bertujuan merancang skema penilaian performansi untuk kelas Talking English tingkat dasar di ILP. Skema dirancang dengan menggunakan langkah penyusunan yang dikemukakan oleh Mertler (2001). Langkah itu terdiri atas penentuan tujuan pembuatan skema penilaian, penentuan objek penilaian, penentuan bentuk skema, penentuan kriteria, skala dan deskripsi naratif, percobaan skema dan diakhiri dengan penyempurnaan skema penilaian. Penyusunan kriteria di dalam skema ini diformulasikan berdasarkan konsep kemampuan bahasa komunikatif (Communicative Language Ability/ CLA) yang dikemukakan oleh Lyle Bachman (1990). Berdasarkan formulasi penyusunan itu diperoleh suatu bentuk skema penilaian deskriptif dengan metode check list yang digunakan untuk penilaian yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan.

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The aim of this project work is to design a marking scheme that will be used in assessing the performance of the students in Talking English Basic class in ILP. The scheme was designed using the stages proposed by Mertler (2001). The stages start with the process of deciding the aim of marking scheme creation in order to acknowledge the importance of the proposed scheme. It is then continued with the process of deciding the object of the assessment, the type, criteria, scale and performance description of the scheme. The steps end with the testing of the scheme. The tested scheme is improved through discussion of the results of the testing. The criteria of the scheme are formulated based on the concept of Communicative Language Ability as proposed by Bachman (1990). Based on the formulation, the writer has created a descriptive marking scheme, which can be used to assess students? daily performance through the use of checklist method.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini meneliti ragam bahasa lisan dan kalimat elips dalam tweet akun pribadi berbahasa Jerman. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga meneliti pengetahuan tata bahasa para pengguna Twitter Jerman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ragam bahasa lisan dan kalimat elips dalam tweet akun pribadi berbahasa Jerman serta mengetahui apakah pengguna Twitter Jerman tetap mengetahui tata bahasa yang benar. Data berasal dari seratus tweet berbahasa Jerman dan 52 angket yang telah diisi oleh pengguna Twitter Jerman. Dasar teori yang digunakan adalah teori ragam bahasa lisan dari Schwitalla, teori kalimat elips dari Ludger Hoffmann, dan teori perkembangan bahasa dari Rudi Keller. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 51 tweet menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan dan/ atau kalimat elips dan 81% responden tetap mengetahui tata bahasa Jerman dengan benar. ......This thesis researches variation of oral language and elliptical sentence usage in german-speaking personal account tweet. Also, the thesis researches grammar knowledge possessed by german-speaking twitter users. This study aims to describe the variation of oral language and elliptical sentence in german speaking personal account's tweet and to find out whether the german-speaking twitter user still understand the proper grammar. The data comes from observation of 100 german speaking-tweets and 52 questionnaires which have been answered by german speaking twitter users. Theoritical background used here are theory of variation of oral language by Schwitalla, theory of elliptical sentence by Ludge Hoffmann, and theory of language change by Rudi Keller. Analysis result shows that 51 tweet use oral language and/ or elliptical sentence while 81% of respondents still know how to use proper german-grammar in composing their tweets.

Abstrak :
Individu bilingual sering mengalihkan dan mencampurkan bahasa ibu dengan bahasa keduanya dalam percakapan dengan sesama grup, ini disebut dengan alih kode. Tidak hanya dalam percakapan saja, seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi, alih kode tidak hanya terjadi pada percakapan bertatap muka saja, tetapi terjadi pula di media komunikasi baru, sebuah microblog, yang bernama Twitter. Penelitian ini membahas alih kode penutur L2 bahasa Jepang dalam pesan-pesan dan informasi yang ditulis dan dikirimkannya ke Twitter, atau disebut dengan istilah, tweet. Dari segi linguistik, pragmatik, serta sosiopsikologi, alih kode memiliki fungsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi alih kode, serta alasan atau motivasi orang-orang yang bilingual beralih kode. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa alih kode penutur L2 bahasa Jepang dalam tweet memiliki fungsi linguistik dan pragmatik, serta fungsi sosiopsikologis, tetapi terdapat pula alih kode yang tidak memiliki fungsi, hanya didorong oleh faktor-faktor seperti kebiasaan dan keefesienan, dsb. ......Bilingual individuals are often code switch and mix their mother tongue and the second language in daily conversation within their in-group community. This is called code switching. Along with the technology development, code switching is not only occurred in the face-to-face conversation, but also in the new communication media, a microblog named Twitter. This study discussed the code switching among L2 Japanese speakers in their message or information written and sent from Twitter, or referred to tweet. From linguistic, pragmatic, and sociopsychology perspective, code switching has function. The objective of this study is to understand the function of code switching and also the the reason or the motivation bilingual speakers code switch. It is found out that, code switching among L2 Japanese speakers in tweet sometimes have linguistic, pragmatic and sociopsychological functions. On the other hands, some code switchings have no function, it is only driven by any factors, such as habit and efficiency, etc.

Abstrak :
Partikel akhir wa yang sejak dulu dianggap sebagai partikel akhir yang hanya digunakan oleh wanita, ternyata juga banyak digunakan oleh pria di dalam ragam lisannya. Akan tetapi tentunya partikel akhir wa yang digunakan oleh wanita berbeda dengan yang digunakan oleh pria baik dari segi intonasi maupun fungsi dari partikel akhir itu ketika berada di dalam sebuah ujaran. Jadi pada intinya partikel akhir wa pada pria memiliki fungsi fatis dimana sering muncul di dalam ragam informal. Melalui analisis partikel akhir wa yang muncul di dalam ragam lisan yang dituliskan yaitu di dalam twitter, maka dapat diketahui bagaimana realisasi dan juga fungsi dari partikel akhir wa pada pria. ......Final particle wa which has been regarded as the final particle that only used by women, has also been widely used by men in their speech. However, the final particle wa used by women is different with the one used by men in terms of their intonation and function. Essentially, the final particle wa used by men has a phatic function which usually appears in informal speeches. Through analysis of the final particle wa which appears in the informal speech written on twitter, we can conclude the realization of final particle wa in men's speech and its functions.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas tentang kohesi gramatikal dan kohesi leksikal yang terdapat dalam laman www.twitter.com berbahasa Rusia pada olahraga hoki periode tahun 2011 dan 2012. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasikan kohesi gramatikal dan kohesi leksikal yang paling dominan dan berpengaruh dalam media tersebut. Analisis dilakukan pada 81 kicauan dari segi kohesi gramatikal dan kohesi leksikalnya, dan hasil yang diperoleh adalah dari 81 kicauan terdapat alat kohesi elipsis nomina dan kata umum yang memiliki persentase tertinggi. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kohesi gramatikal dan kohesi leksikal memiliki peran penting dalam unsur kepaduan suatu teks media online olahraga hoki berbahasa Rusia. ......This thesis discusses about the grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion contained from the website www.twitter.com on hockey in Russian language from the period of 2011 and 2012. The purpose of this research is to find the effect and to identify the most dominant element from grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion from the online media Twitter. Analyses were conducted on 81 tweets for grammatical and lexical cohesions, and the results show that nominal ellipsis and general word have the highest percentage. This study suggests that the grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion have an important role in the cohesion of a text element of online media for hockey in Russian language.