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"Internatianal humanitarian Imhr and human rights Imv haw a similar relationship and goal. In term of its coverage and target, however they are different each other. In one hand, international humanitarian law is an emergency law and implementation in external and internal arm conflict situation. On the other  hand, human rights law is applied both in peace and war situation."

"Masyarakat hukum adat sebagai suatu masyarakat yang tetap dan teratur telah berkembang secara internasional hal ini di dukung dengan adanya pembentukan United Nations Declaration on the rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) yang telah disahkan oleh PBB pada tahun 2007. Di Indonesia ketentuan mengenai masyarakat hukum adat telah tertuang pada Pasal 18 B ayat (2) UUD 1945. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Dengan menganalisis bagaiman a pembentukan Rancangan Undang – Undang (RUU) tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat berpengaruh terhadap upaya pemenuhan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi masyarakat hukum adat. Rencana pembentukan RUU tentang masyarakat hukum adat tersebut telah ada sejak tahun 2004, dan pada tahun 2016 hingga 2018 RUU tersebut sudah masuk kedalam Program Legislasi Nasional (Prolegnas) di dalam DPR. Namun hingga saat ini RUU tersebut belum juga dilakukan pengesahan oleh pemerintah. Senyatanya pembentukan RUU tersebut sudah ada masuk dalam tahap urgensi seperti banyak kasus perampasan wilayah yang menimpa masyarakat hukum adat, pelanggaran hak atas free, prior, dan informed consent (FPIC) yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat hukum adat terhadap pernyataan persetujuan atas suatu agenda, pelanggaran terhadap hak konstitusional termasuk hak politik, serta perempuan adat yang sering dihadapkan terhadap permasalahan diskriminasi. Dalam RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang saat ini masuk dalam tahap pembahasan DPR juga tak luput dari permasalahan, beberapa pasal menimbulkan kerancuan dalam implementasinya misalkan Pasal 11 hingga Pasal 17 yang memuat mengenai proses identifikasi dan verifikasi, Pasal 6 terhadap ketentuan persyaratan, Pasal 22 terhadap ketentuan perlindungan, dan Pasal 20 terhadap ketentuan evaluasi. Beberapa pasal dan ketentuan tersebut belum mencerminkan tujuan utama pembentukan RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat, namun secara nyata hal tersebut justru banyak mengurangi hak yang seharusnya diperoleh oleh masyarakat. Hal inilah yang menjadikan pengesahan RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat menjadi hal yang penting disahkan untuk melakukan pemenuhan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi masyarakat hukum adat.

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Indigenous Peoples, as stable and organized societies, have developed internationally, supported by the establishment of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), which was ratified by the UN in 2007. In Indonesia, provisions concerning indigenous peoples are outlined in Article 18B, Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. This paper is composed using doctrinal research methods. It analyses how the drafting of the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples impacts efforts to fulfill and protect human rights for indigenous legal communities. The plan to establish the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples has been in place since 2004, and from 2016 to 2018, the draft law was included in the National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) within the House of Representatives (DPR). However, to date, the draft law has not yet been enacted by the government. In fact, the drafting of this draft law has reached an urgent stage due to numerous cases of territorial seizures affecting indigenous legal communities, violations of the right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) regarding their approval of certain agendas, violations of constitutional rights including political rights, and indigenous women often facing issues of discrimination. The Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples currently under discussion in the DPR is not without problems. Several articles cause confusion in their implementation, such as Articles 11 to 17, which cover the processes of identification and verification. Article 6, which pertains to the requirements. Article 22, which concerns protection provisions. And Article 20, which deals with evaluation provisions. These articles and provisions do not yet reflect the main objectives of forming the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples. In fact, they often diminish the rights that should be granted to the communities. This underscores the importance of enacting the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples to ensure the fulfillment and protection of human rights for Indigenous Peoples."

"Human rights violations become on interesting topic in this 21st century along with emerging respects for civil rights for every violent action. Every person has freedom from persecution and violence either by militia or military force. This can be seen from the establishment of the international Criminal Court (ICC) to prosecute war crimes and crimes against humanity. These efforts are aimed to those who are violating human rights especially by the military force which they can be brought before the ICC for their actions."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas perkara PMH yang terjadi di Indonesia berupa pelanggaran HAM yang dimintakan ganti kerugiannya dengan Alien Tort Statute di Pengadilan Federal Amerika Serikat. Dua perkara yang dianalisis adalah perkara Tom Beanal v. Freeport-McMoran Inc, and Freeport MrMoran Copper and Gold, Inc., Civil Action No.96-1474 section "K", United States District Court For the Eastern District Court of Lousiana dan Doe v. Exxon Mobile Corp., No. Civ.A 01-1357 (LFO), United States District Court of Columbia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan metode penentuan hukum yang berlaku yang digunakan oleh hakim tidak memuaskan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis analyzes the Tort in the form of the violation of human rights occurred in Indonesia but litigated before the Federal Court of United States of America using Alien Tort Statute. The Cases discussed in this thesis are Tom Beanal v. Freeport-McMoran Inc, and Freeport MrMorran Copper and Gold, Inc., Civil Action No.96-1474 section "K", United States District Court For the Eastern District Court of Lousiana and Doe v. Exxon Mobile Corp., No. Civ.A 01-1357 (LFO), United States District Court, District Court of Columbia. The Result of this research shows that the method used by the Judge in determining applicable law is unsatisfying."

"the code of law of criminal procedure instead of HIR the product of colonial government of nederlands indie contains the participle of fair legal process giving guarantee and protection of human rights, applying the principle in all stages of criminal justice process : preadjudication , adjudication, and postadjudication. In order to apply the fair legal process, it is therefore needed to provide a model of legal enforcer. Without goodwill of legal enforcer to implement the fair legal process, only the arbitrary malpractices of criminal justice and the power of legal enforcer will be in force."

"In the context past gross human rights violation cases in Indonesia, the President’s constitutionalauthority to propose amnesty law might by and large implicate legal and ethical aspects.Holistically, any forgiveness and oblivion against any human rights violators should consider thedevelopment and the dynamic of international criminal law, which arguably have been directedto an absolute individual criminal responsibility. Against this issue, this paper finds that based onlegal and ethical arguments, accompanied with various technical preconditions outlined in theBelfast Guideline on Amnesty and Accountability, an amnesty towards past gross human rightsviolators must be taken paradigmatically. Arguably, amnesty proceeding through an independentad hoc committee shall be able to challenge Indonesia’s transitional framework, namely: to workas a historian and a jurist. This suggests that the elements of amnesty, both procedural andsubstantial, need to work in the area of deliberative democracy that calls for public participationand the protection of human rights.Dalam konteks kasus pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia (HAM) di Indonesia, kewenanganPresiden dalam memberikan amnesti dapat berimplikasi pada dua aspek, yakni: legal dan etik.Secara holistik, pemaafan dan pelupaan terhadap para pelanggar HAM pada masa lalu patutmempertimbangkan perkembangan dan dinamika hukum pidana internasional, yang mengarahpada pertanggungjawaban pidana secara absolut. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa logikaargumentatif secara legal dan etik, serta berbagai prasyarat teknis di dalam Belfast Guidelineon Amnesty and Accountability mengindikasikan bahwa amnesti terhadap pelanggar HAM masalalu harus dilakukan secara paradigmatik. Dalam hal ini, proses amnesti melalui komite ad hocyang mandiri dapat menjawab dua tantangan dalam kerangka kerja transisional di Indonesia,yakni: untuk bekerja sebagai sejarawan dan juga praktisi hukum. Dengan demikian, kebijakanamnesti mengisyaratkan bahwa elemen-elemen amnesti secara prosedural dan substantif wajibdijalankan dalam area demokrasi deliberatif yang menghendaki adanya partisipasi publik danperlindungan terhadap HAM."

"Even though the concept of human rights mainstreaming is not new to publicinternational law, it has recently gained increased recognition as a practicalapproach for recognizing the linkages between human rights and other socialjustice issues such as environmental protection. A plenitude of literature havebeen generated on the need to recognize and enforce human rights standardsand norms in a wide range of issues including environment, health, gender,poverty, food, water and refugee protection to mention but a few. Despitethe rapid ascendancy of the human rights mainstreaming concept, muchattention have not been given to the scope of human rights mainstreamingand the practical aspects of human rights mainstreaming, particularlywhether institutions consisting of ?outsiders? to the human rights epistemiccommunity can interpret and enforce human rights obligation. Put simply, doenvironmentalists, scientists and outsiders to human rights have the capacityto mainstream human rights? This paper examines the scope and tenetsof human rights mainstreaming, it then discusses the practical aspects ofmainstreaming human rights into policy making, particularly how epistemicconcerns on human rights mainstreaming can be addressed in national andinternational policy design and implementation.There is virtually no aspect of our work that does not have a human rightsdimension. Whether we are talking about peace and security, development,humanitarian action, the struggle against terrorism, climate change, none ofthese challenges can be addressed in isolation from human rights."

"Tourism activities in era globalization bring positive and negative impacts especially for the host countries destination. To minimize the negative impacts it is very important to always promote the sustainable development of tourism including from a human rights perspective. This paper will discuss concerning who have responsibility to promote a human rights related with sustainable development of tourism. To explore the topic in this article, Author will study both international human rights instruments and environmental convention as well as the soft law regarding the tourism sector such as the UN WTO Global Code Of Ethics. The Law No. 10 Year 2009 concerning Indonesia Tourism Law is also part of legal material studied in this paper. There are national, international legal instruments of the human rights as well as UNWTO Global Codes of Ethics which can be utilized to promote sustainable tourism through human rights perspective. It is considered that all stakeholders have responsibility to promote sustainable development of tourism"