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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh kelas kata, terhadap akses leksikal penutur bahasa Indonesia dengan mengamati kasus tip-of-the-tongue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pengaruh kelas kata terhadap munculnya tip-of-the-tongue serta resolusinya pada penutur bahasa indonesia, menguraikan informasi sintaksis dan informasi leksikal lainnya yang terakses saat tip-of-the-tongue terjadi, serta memerinci posisi informasi sintaksis pada proses akses leksikal. Data diambil melalui eksperimen yang diikuti oleh 85 mahasiswa pascasarjana UI. Tip-of-the-tongue diinduksi menggunakan stimulus berbentuk definisi kata. Uji statistik X 2 dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh kelas kata terhadap kemunculan dan resolusi tip-of-the-tongue. Transmission deficit hypothesis (Burke dkk., 1991) dan teori independent network (Caramazza, 1997) digunakan untuk menganalisis secara kualitatif data mengenai informasi sintaksis dan informasi leksikal lainnya termasuk kata alternatif. Ditemukan bahwa kelas kata tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemunculan tip-of-the-tongue maupun resolusinya. Namun, informasi kelas kata secara signifikan dapat diketahui oleh partisipan yang mengalami tip- of-the-tongue. Selanjutnya, kata alternatif yang teringat memiliki kelas kata yang sama dengan kata target. Temuan-temuan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa saat proses akses leksikal, sejalan dengan independent network theory, fitur sintaksis diakses secara terpisah dari fitur fonologis sehingga fitur sintaksis tidak memengaruhi kemunculan tip-of-the-tongue dan resolusinya, namun cukup memengaruhi penutur bahasa Indonesia untuk mengakses kata alternatif dengan kelas kata yang sama. This study examines word categories influence towards Indonesian speakers lexical access by observing tip-of- the-tongue cases. It aims to convey the influence of word categories towards tip-of-the-tongue emergence and its resolution, to explain syntactic information and other lexical information accessed at the tip-of-the-tongue state, and to detail the position of syntactic information in lexical access process. The data was gained through experiment joined by 85 University of Indonesia postgrad students. Tip-of-the-tongue were induced using definition as the stimuli. Chi-square test was run to analyze the influence of word categories towards tip-of-the- tongue emergence and its resolution. Transmission deficit hypothesis (Burke, 1991) and Independent network theory (Caramazza, 1997) were used to qualitatively analyze the syntactic information and other lexical information including alternate words accessed. It is discovered that word categories don't influence tip-of-the- tongue emergence and its resolution. Nevertheless, target words' syntactic information is significantly accessed by participant. Moreover, the alternate word's categories emerged are mostly equal to the target word's. Those findings indicates that, in line with independent network theory, syntactic features are independently accessed from the access of phonological features. Therefore, syntactic features don't influence the tip-of-the-tongue emergence and its resolution, but enough to affect participants to access same category alternate words.

Abstrak :

Tesis ini berawal dari sebuah hipotesis yang mengatakan bahwa anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) mengalami gangguan bahasa secara semantik atau disebut sebagai defisit semantik.  Berdasarkan pengamatan awal  di sekolah Cahaya Didaktika yang mengamati dua anak ASD ringan berusia 16 dan 11 tahun disimpulkan bahwa dua anak ASD sudah memiliki konsep kata.  Data dari pengamatan awal tidak mencukupi untuk membuktikan hipotesis defisit semanti. Karena data awal tidak mencukupi untuk membuktikan hipotesis defisit semantik, tesis ini memperluas penyelidikan sebelumnya dengan tes pengetahuan leksikal breadth dan leksikal depth guna menjawab hipotesis defisit semantik.

 Rangkaian tes dilakukan yang terdiri atas tes pengetahuan leksikal breadth melalui tugas pemilihan leksikal dan tes pengetahuan leksikal depth melalui tugas definisi kata yang dilakukan terhadap dua anak ASD dan membandingkan dengan grup kontrol berusia sama dengan usia mental ASD yaitu 8 tahun dan 10 tahun. Stimulus terdiri atas 39 kata dan 39 pseudoword dengan kriteria pemerolehan leksikal anak usia 5 tahun, kelas kata verba dan nomina, dan bersuku kata dua. Data tersebut diolah dengan uji statistik Wilcoxon,  klasifikasi definisi kata dari  Hadley, Dickinson, Hirsh-Pasek, dan Golinkoff (2015) dan taksonomi semantik dari De Deyne dan Storms (2008). Berdasarkan dari hasil rangkaian tes pengetahuan leksikal breadth dan depth ditemukan bahwa anak ASD dalam penelitian ini  mengalami defisit semantik dengan ditandai pengetahuan leksikal breadth dan depth yang lemah.

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This thesis started from the hypothesis that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suffers from semantic language disorder or semantic deficit. Based on preliminary observation conducted on two children with mild ASD studying at Cahaya Didaktika school (aged 16 and 11 years old), it is concluded that the children have word concepts. However, because data from the preliminary observation is not enough to prove the existence of semantic deficit, this thesis extends the previous investigation by utilizing the lexical breadth and depth tests.The tests comprise lexical knowledge breadth test through Lexical Decision Task and lexical knowledge depth test through word definition that are done by two mild ASD children and control groups matched on the mental age of the ASD children, which are 8 and 10 years old. The stimuli are 39 words with Age of Acquisition of 5 years old and 39 corresponding pseudowords, including verbs and nouns and having two syllables. Data are then analyzed statistically by and are classified according to the word definition classificationof Hadley, Dickinson, Hirsh-Pasek, and Golinkoff (2015) and De Deyne & Storms (2008) semantic taxonomy. The results demonstrate that children with ASD suffers from semantic deficit which are characterized by lack of breadth and depth their lexical knowledge.

Abstrak :
A comprehensive and accessible 2004 textbook on syntactic analysis, working within the 'Lexical Functional Grammar' framework.

Abstrak :
Analyzing syntax: a lexical-functional approach is a comprehensive and accessible textbook on syntactic analysis, designed for students of linguistics at advanced undergraduate or graduate level.Working within the ‘Lexical Functional Grammar’(LFG) approach, it provides students with a framework for analyzing and describing grammatical structure, using extensive examples from both European and non- European languages. As well as building on what linguists have learned about language in general, particular attention is paid to the unique features of individual languages. While its primary focus is on syntactic structure, the book also deals with aspects of meaning, function, and word structure that are directly relevant to syntax. Clearly organized into topics, this textbook is ideal for one-semester courses in syntax and grammatical analysis.