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"Filariasis limfatik disebabkan cacing nematoda dari superfamili Filarioidea dan ditularkan nyamuk. WHO mencanangkan program eliminasi filariasis di negara endemis dengan strategi pengobatan tahunan berbasis komunitas pada populasi yang berisiko menggunakan DEC 6mg/kg berat badan dan albendazol 400 mg. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan program pengobatan masal selama 5 tahun dalam menurunkan prevalensi hingga kurang dari 1% di Pulau Alor, NTT, sebagai daerah endemis filariasis Brugia timori. Peneliti menggunakan data sekunder dari desain studi eksperimental berupa prevalensi penderita filariasis sebelum dan setelah masa pengobatan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan pengobatan selama 5 tahun berhasil menurunkan prevalensi infeksi filaria. Disimpulkan bahwa metode pengobatan filariasis dengan kombinasi DEC dan albendazol terbukti mampu memenuhi target eliminasi filariasis WHO.

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Lymphatic filariasis is caused by nematodes from superfamily of Filaroidea, with mosquito as its vector. Yearly medication based on the community treatment of risked population using DEC 6mg/kg and albendazol 400 mg is the strategy set by WHO. This research is proposed to know the success of 5 years mass treatment run in Alor Island, NTT, an endemic area for filariasis Brugia timori, to decrease the prevalency of filariasis until less than 1%. This research uses secondary data from the experimental study design in form of prevalency of people with filariasis before and after the medication. The result shows the five-year-medication with DEC and albendazol succeeds in decreasing the prevalence of filarial infection. The medication method of filariasis using the combination of DEC and albendazol is proved to fulfill the target set by WHO to eliminate filariasis."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) adalah salah satu kanker yang sering ditemui di Indonesia, dengan faktor risiko meliputi merokok, konsumsi alkohol, infeksi virus, faktor konsumsi, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama untuk diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Akurasi diagnosis dan penilaian derajat diferensiasi tumor sangat penting dalam menentukan diagnosis dan pilihan penatalaksanaan. Selain derajat diferensiasi, analisis lebih lanjut terhadap pola invasi dan adanya invasi limfatik, vena, serta saraf diperlukan untuk memperoleh penilaian yang lebih objektif. Pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf memberikan informasi lebih mendalam mengenai agresivitas dan potensi penyebaran tumor, sehingga analisis invasi ini lebih penting dibandingkan hanya menilai derajat diferensiasi tumor seperti pada prosedur standar. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Mayoritas kasus KSSRM ditemukan di lidah (61,5%), dengan pasien perempuan (56,4%) dan kelompok usia >55 tahun (53,8%). Pola invasi agresif (pulau satelit, invasi limfatik signifikan (++), invasi vena signifikan (++), dan invasi saraf signifikan (++) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat diferensiasi buruk (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Ditemukan hubungan antara pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf dengan derajat diferensiasi pada pasien KSSRM. Semakin agresif pola invasi, maka semakin buruk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Semkain buruk derajat diferensiasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat invasi limfatik, vena, dan saraf KSSRM.

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer in Indonesia, with risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, dietary factors, tumor location, gender, and age. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the primary method for the definitive diagnosis of OSCC. Accurate diagnosis and tumor differentiation assessment are crucial in determining diagnosis and treatment options. In addition to the degree of differentiation, further analysis of invasion patterns, as well as lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion, is essential for a more objective evaluation. These invasion factors provide deeper insight into the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor, making their analysis more critical than solely evaluating tumor differentiation as in standard procedures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and nerve invasion with the degree of differentiation in OSCC patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study utilized OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under light microscopy. Results: The majority of OSCC cases were found in the tongue (61.5%), with female patients (56.4%) and the age group over 55 years (53.8%). Aggressive invasion patterns (satellite islands, significant lymphatic invasion (++), significant venous invasion (++), and significant neural invasion (++) were significantly associated with poor differentiation (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between tumor location, gender, and age with OSCC differentiation grade. A relationship was found between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neural invasion with differentiation grade in OSCC patients. The more aggressive the invasion pattern, the worse the differentiation grade of OSCC. The worse the differentiation grade, the higher the level of lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion in OSCC.

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"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (KSSRM) adalah salah satu kanker yang sering ditemui di Indonesia, dengan faktor risiko meliputi merokok, konsumsi alkohol, infeksi virus, faktor konsumsi, lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia. Pemeriksaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin (H&E) merupakan metode utama untuk diagnosis definitif KSSRM. Akurasi diagnosis dan penilaian derajat diferensiasi tumor sangat penting dalam menentukan diagnosis dan pilihan penatalaksanaan. Selain derajat diferensiasi, analisis lebih lanjut terhadap pola invasi dan adanya invasi limfatik, vena, serta saraf diperlukan untuk memperoleh penilaian yang lebih objektif. Pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf memberikan informasi lebih mendalam mengenai agresivitas dan potensi penyebaran tumor, sehingga analisis invasi ini lebih penting dibandingkan hanya menilai derajat diferensiasi tumor seperti pada prosedur standar. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan sampel jaringan KSSRM yang diberi pewarnaan H&E dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil: Mayoritas kasus KSSRM ditemukan di lidah (61,5%), dengan pasien perempuan (56,4%) dan kelompok usia >55 tahun (53,8%). Pola invasi agresif (pulau satelit, invasi limfatik signifikan (++), invasi vena signifikan (++), dan invasi saraf signifikan (++) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat diferensiasi buruk (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara lokasi tumor, jenis kelamin, dan usia dengan derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Ditemukan hubungan antara pola invasi, invasi limfatik, invasi vena, dan invasi saraf dengan derajat diferensiasi pada pasien KSSRM. Semakin agresif pola invasi, maka semakin buruk derajat diferensiasi KSSRM. Semkain buruk derajat diferensiasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat invasi limfatik, vena, dan saraf KSSRM.

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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer in Indonesia, with risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, dietary factors, tumor location, gender, and age. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the primary method for the definitive diagnosis of OSCC. Accurate diagnosis and tumor differentiation assessment are crucial in determining diagnosis and treatment options. In addition to the degree of differentiation, further analysis of invasion patterns, as well as lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion, is essential for a more objective evaluation. These invasion factors provide deeper insight into the aggressiveness and potential spread of the tumor, making their analysis more critical than solely evaluating tumor differentiation as in standard procedures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and nerve invasion with the degree of differentiation in OSCC patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study utilized OSCC tissue samples stained with H&E and observed under light microscopy. Results: The majority of OSCC cases were found in the tongue (61.5%), with female patients (56.4%) and the age group over 55 years (53.8%). Aggressive invasion patterns (satellite islands, significant lymphatic invasion (++), significant venous invasion (++), and significant neural invasion (++) were significantly associated with poor differentiation (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between tumor location, gender, and age with OSCC differentiation grade. A relationship was found between invasion patterns, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neural invasion with differentiation grade in OSCC patients. The more aggressive the invasion pattern, the worse the differentiation grade of OSCC. The worse the differentiation grade, the higher the level of lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion in OSCC.

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"ABSTRAKTUJUAN : Mengetahui insiden metastasis kanker ovarium epitelial yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada kelenjar getah bening pelvik, paraaorta dan pelvik/paraaorta di RSCM periode Januari 2009 Desember 2015. LATAR BELAKANG : Tatalaksana mengenai limfedenektomi pada kanker ovarium masih merupakan kontroversi. Adanya kekurangan data penelitian prosfektif ataupun RCT tentang patologi antomi merupakan penyebab kontroversi tatalaksana limfedentomi. Namun sampai saat ini sejak 1998 FIGO mengatakan bahwa limfedenektomi pelvik dan paraaorta merupakaan bagian terintegrasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan pada surgical staging kanker ovarium. Namun penelitian mengenai limfedenektomi masih terbatas, sampai saat belum menemukan adanya publikasi penelitian insiden metastasis kanker ovarium epitelial pada kelenjar getah bening di RSCM. METODE Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang, data diambil dari rekam medis, dari data kanker register didapatkan 1584 daftar rekam medik, namun didapatkan 401 pasien kanker ovarium, dan 306 yang ekslusi, didapatkan 55 data yang masuk kriteria inklusi. HASIL Dari 55 sampel yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada kanker ovarium tipe epitel. Penyebaran kelenjar getah bening pada kanker epitel ovarium yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada KGB paraaorta adalah 20 , pelvik 9.1 dan pelvik/paraaorta 23,6 . KESIMPULAN : 1. Insiden metastasis KGB kanker epitel ovarium pada paraaorta sebanyak 20 , pelvik 9,1 dan pada pelvik/paraaorta 23,6 di RSCM dari tahun 2009-2015.. 2. Semakin tinggi stadium, maka semakin tinggi keterlibatan KGB pelvik dan paraaorta . 3. Pada subtipe serosum lebih banyak menyebabkan keterlibatan pada KGB pelvik dan paraaorta . 4. Semakin buruk derajat differensiasinya, maka semakin tinggi keterlibatan pada KGB paraaorta . 5. Pada stadium I subtipe musinosum derajat difensiasi baik dengan keterlibatan pada KGB yang minimal sehingga dapat lebih selektif dalam mempertimbangkan risk dan benefit dari limfedenektomi

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ABSTRACTAIM To evaluate the incidence of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer underwent primary surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from Januari 2009 to December 2015. BACKGROUND The definitive objective of lymphadenectomy in ovarian cancer is still controversial due to the lack of prospective research or randomized controlled trial. Since 1998, FIGO has stated that pelvic and paraaorta lymphadenectomy are part of ovarian cancer surgical staging. But, there is still limited research and still not published the incidence of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer underwent primary surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. METHODS This research is cross sectional from medical records, the INASGO cancer registry. A hundred fifty four medical records were included but we found only 401 ovarian cancer, 306 data were excluded and 55 data were included. RESULTS From 55 epithelial ovarian cancer patients underwent the primary surgery, there are 20 metastasis to paraortic lymph node, 9,1 metastasis to pelvic lymph node, and 23,6 metastasis to both. CONCLUSION 1. Lymph node metastases incident of ovarian epithelial cancer in paraorta amounts 20 , pelvic 9.1 and pelvic or paraortic 23.6 2. Higher the stadium, the lymph node involvements will be higher as well pelvic and paraortic 3. In serous subtype, there is more incidents of lymph node involvements pelvic and paraaortic 4. If the differentiation type is worse, there will be higher rate of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node involvement. 5. In stadium 1 of mucinous subtype with well differentation has minimal lymph node involvement so we can be more selective in considering the risk and benefit of lymphadenectomy. The suggestion is the advanced research needs to be done prospectively by increase the number of samples for finding the metastatic factors to lymph node more accurately. "

"Proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010) with special topics on cancer and regeneration was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17-18, 2010. Includes coverage of new study results that have better revealed the functional aspects of PVS, including its roles in the areas of regenerative medicine and cancer."