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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan urgensi dampak kegiatan blue economy di Laut Baltik, khususnya dampak terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat di negara-negara Skandinavia. Pemanfaatan sumber daya yang ada di Laut Baltik secara berlebihan dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Fokus penelitian mengkaji pembangunan berkelanjutan mengenai blue economy di negara Skandinavia. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai dampak ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan utama yang dihadapi industri maritim di negara-negara Skandinavia, termasuk kebutuhan akan perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumber daya bersama, pelestarian alam, serta perlindungan lingkungan laut. Untuk memahami fenomena sosial yang kompleks peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis data non-numerik. Dalam mengeksplorasi penerapan blue economy di negara-negara Skandinavia berdarasakan EU blue economy akan menggunakan Teori Regional Security Complex Theory dan konsep Common Pool Resource. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan interaksi multi level antara negara-negara Skandinavia untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Temuan penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa blue economy di negara-negara Skandinavia yang berbatasan dengan Laut Baltik dapat membawa manfaat yang signifikan baik bagi industri maritim maupun masyarakat luas.

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This research aims to explain the urgency of the impact of blue economy activities in the Baltic Sea, especially the impact on the environment and society in Scandinavian countries. Excessive use of the resources in the Baltic Sea can have a negative impact on the environment. The research focus examines sustainable development regarding the blue economy in Scandinavian countries. This research provides an overview of the economic, social and environmental impacts. This research identifies the main challenges facing the maritime industry in Scandinavian countries, including the need for planning and management of shared resources, nature conservation and protection of the marine environment. To understand complex social phenomena researchers use qualitative research methods which involve the collection and analysis of non-numerical data. In exploring the application of the blue economy in Scandinavian countries based on the EU blue economy, we will use the Regional Security Complex Theory and the Common Pool Resource concept. The theories and concepts used aim to explain multi-level interactions between Scandinavian countries to achieve common goals. The findings of this research argue that the blue economy in Scandinavian countries bordering the Baltic Sea can bring significant benefits to both the maritime industry and society at large."

"Summary: "Equity emerged as a powerful symbol of aspired redistribution in international relations. Operationally, it has had limited impact in the Westphalian system of nation states - except for maritime boundary delimitations. This book deals with the role of equity in international law, and offers a detailed case study on maritime boundary delimitation in the context of the enclosure movement in the law of the sea"

"ABSTRAKThe 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea tidak menentukan suatu metode tertentu untuk menentukan batas Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Namun demikian, Mahkamah dan Majelis internasional secara konsisten menerapkan two-step approach untuk menyelesaikan sengketa batas maritim. Berdasarkan metode ini, suatu proses delimitasi dimulai dengan menarik garis median sementara dan dilanjutkan dengan memeriksa relevant circumstances untuk menentukan apabila garis tersebut harus disesuaikan, agar tercapai hasil yang adil. Menerapkan two-step approach untuk menentukan batas Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif antara Indonesia dan Palau, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat dua relevant circumstances yang mengharuskan penyesuaian garis median sementara, yakni ketimpangan panjang pantai terkait dan keberadaan pulau lepas pantai yang berukuran kecil.

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ABSTRAK

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not provide any specific method of delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone. However, International Court and Tribunal have consistently followed a two-step approach to resolve maritime boundary disputes. According to this method, the delimitation process begins by drawing a provisional median line and followed by examining the relevant circumstances to determine whether the provisional line needs to be adjusted, in order to achieve an equitable result. Adopting two-step approach to delimit the Exclusive Economic Zone boundary between Indonesia and Palau, this thesis concludes that there are two relevant circumstances requiring the adjustment of the provisional median line, namely the disparity in the lengths of the respective coasts and the presence of small offshore islands. Keywords: Two-step approach, maritime boundary delimitation, Indonesia?s maritime boundaries, relevant circumstances."