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"ABSTRAKIsu gender pertama kali menjadi isu penting di Indonesia, menjelang Pemilu dan Sidang Umum MPR tahun 1999. Isu ini terutama dimunculkan oleh Partai Politik dengan menggunakan terutama alasan agama yang memojokkan perempuan.Studi ini memusatkan perhatian pada pemberitaan mengenai isu kepemimpinan politik perempuan. Masalah yang akan diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakteristik produk terutama dilihat dari frekwensi pemuatan, sebaran berita, obyektifitas/keberpihakan yaitu mendukung, netral dan menentang, serta proses memproduksi berita.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus (case study). Pertimbangannya karena obyek yang diteliti adalah lebih satu media. Media yang dipilih adalah Kompas dan Rakyat Merdeka, dengan pertimbangan Kompas adalah harian umum yang bersifat netral sementara harian umum Rakyat Merdeka adalah harian yang menempatkan diri sebagai oposisi.Obyek penelitian pada tingkat teks unit analisisnya adalah berita. Yaitu semua berita yang dimuat pada dua harian umum tersebut selama enam bulan yaitu dari bulan Juni sampai dengan November 1999. Pada tingkat organisasi adalah redaksi Kompas dan Rakyat Merdeka. Pengumpulan data pada tingkat teks dilakukan dengan analisis isi, pada kebijakan redaksional dilakukan melalui interview dengan redaktur pada dua media massa tersebut.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa isu kepemimpinan politik perempuan tidak mendapat porsi yang cukup bagus di dua media massa tersebut. Orientasi informasi banyak bersifat netral/informatif, berarti pola pemihakan isi pesan cenderung mengambil jalan tengah.Sumber berita cukup bervariasi terutama Kompas, tetapi aktivis LSM/Ormas lebih banyak mengambil peran. Sumber berita tersebut juga lebih banyak didominasi laki-laki. Ini menunjukkan perempuan belum mengambil peran yang banyak di media massa. Padahal sumber berita dan jenis kelamin sumber mempengaruhi keberpihakan terhadap kepemimpinan politik perempuan.Proses produksi berita pada kedua media tersebut hampir sama. Namun hasilnya relatif berbeda. Karena Rakyat Merdeka lebih menonjolkan aspek menarik dari judul. Hal ini terkait dengan strategi pemasaran dimana 80 persen pembaca harian Rakyat Merdeka adalah eceran. Sementara Kompas lebih mengutamakan obyektivitas dan kelengkapan berita karena pembaca Kompas 90% adalah pelanggan.Kedua media tersebut tidak sensitif gender tetapi lebih menekankan segi keuntungan/ekonomi. Hal ini dikarenakan media massa masih merupakan dunia patriaki karena yang berkecimpung didalamnya lebih didominasi laki-laki. Ini terlihat dari jumlah jurnalis perempuan kedua media tersebut tidak mencapai 20% dari seluruh jumlah jurnalis yang ada. Dari keseluruhan jumlah pimpinan redaksi, jumlah perempuan yang duduk dalam pimpinan redaksi kurang dari 15%.

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ABSTRACTGender became an important issue in Indonesia while facing the General Election and General Assembly of Parliament in 1999. This issue was raised prominently by political parties which using mostly religion as a reason to put women in the corner.This study focused on report about women leadership in political field. The main problem in this research was how are product characteristics, prominently seen by frequency of reporting, news spreading, objectivity of supporting, neutral and opposing, and the process of news productions.This research used case study as a method. The reason was because the objects to be researched were more than one media. The choose media were Kompas and Rakyat Merdeka, considering that Kompas was a neutral general daily, while Rakyat Merdeka was general daily that aimed an opposite-side.Research object on text level was news as unit of analysis. It meant that all news that was loaded on those dailies for six (6) months. Started from June until November 1999. On the organizational level was editorial ship in Kompas and Rakyat Merdeka. Data collecting on text level was collected by content analysis; on editorial policy was colected by interviews conducted with the editorial directory in both media.Research concluded that women leadership issue on political field had no good portion in both media. Orientation of information was neutral/informative meaning that side pattern of content tended to be neutral.News source was various, mostly in Kompas, but NGO"s activist took more part. This news source was dominated by men. This point out that women had not taken more part in mass media. Whereas in fact news source and source gender influencing side position of women leadership in political field.Process of news production in both media almost the same, but the result relatively different. Rakyat Merdeka focused mostly on interesting aspect of heading. This related with marketing strategy which 80% of Rakyat Merdeka "s reader was retail, while Kompas focused on objectivity and news completeness because Kompas"s reader 90% were subscriber.Both media had no sensitivity of gender but focused more on profit/economic. This was caused of mass media as patriarchy word and dominated mostly by men. It can be seen from number of women journalist on both media that did not reached 20% from total number of journalist. Number of women that have position editorial staffs was less than 15%.

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"Women and Media is a thoughtful cross–cultural examination of the ways in which women have worked inside and outside mainstream media organizations since the 1970s.Rooted in a series of interviews with women media workers and activists collected specifically for this book, the text provides an original insight into women’s experiences.Explains the ways that women have organized their internal and external campaigns to improve media content (or working conditions) for women, and established womenowned media to gain a public voice.Identifies key issues and developments in feminist media critiques and interventions over the last 30 years, as these relate to production, representation and consumption."

"Kajian ini menganalisis bagaimana media massa yaitu koran Angkatan Bersendjata dan Berita Yudha pasca Peristiwa Gerakan 30 September 1965 melakukan konstruksi kejahatan terhadap Gerwani. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berasaal dari pemberitaan Angkatan Bersendjata dan Berita Yudha periode Oktober 1965-April 1966 yang tersedia di Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Selain itu data sekunder juga diambil tulisan Saskia WIeringa yang berjudul Penghancuran Gerakan Perempuan: Politik Seksual di Indonesia Pascakejatuhan PKI dan Benedict Anderson yang berjudul ldquo;How Did the Generals Die?'. Data sekunder dianalisis menggunakan teori Politik Seksual oleh Kate Millett 1970 dan teori Amplifikasi Penyimpangan oleh Stanley Cohen 1972 . Analisis menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi terhadap Gerwani sebagai perempuan jalang adalah hasil dari amplifikasi penyimpangan yang menyebabkan moral panic sehingga terjadi kejahatan kebencian terhadap Gerwani. Semua ini merupakan sebuah bentuk dari kekerasan berbasis gender.

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This study analyze how the mass newspapers, Angkatan Bersendjata dan Berita Yudha, after the 30 September 1965 Movement constructed Gerwani Indonesian Women's Movement as criminals. This study used secondary data sources from Angkatan Bersendjata and Berita Yudha articles ranged from October 1965 to April 1966 which available at Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia National Library of Republic of Indonesia. The author also used works by Saskia Wieringa titled Penghancuran Gerakan Perempuan Politik Seksual di Indonesia Pascakejatuhan PKI and Benedict Anderson, 'How Did the Generals Die'. These secondary data analyzed with Kate Millett's Sexual Politic theory 1970 and Deviancy Amplification theory by Stanley Cohen 1972. The result was the construction of Gerwani as sexually deviant was the effect of deviancy amplification which caused moral panic that leads to hate crime against Gerwani. These whole proccess is a form of gender based violence. "

"Tesis ini membahas kebertubuhan perempuan dalam wacana erotika serta pornografi pada tayangan televisi Mata Lelaki dan Sexophone. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan paradigma kritis. Melalui analisis framing Gamson dan Modigliani, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kebertubuhan perempuan dalam tayangan televisi dianggap sebagai instrumen dalam mengakumulasi modal. Kemampuan media untuk menampilkan sosok perempuan sebagai objek, menyebabkan eksploitasi fisik perempuan sebagai daya tarik tayangan. Kemenarikan fisik perempuan serta penggunaan wacana tubuh mereka dimanfaatkan oleh tayangan Mata Lelaki dan Sexophone untuk membawa imajinasi khalayak ke tema yang menjadi segmentasi program. Objektifikasi perempuan selalu disajikan dalam rancangan program, menjadi salah satu manifestasi eksploitasi perempuan. Perempuan diidentifikasi hanya sebatas kemenarikan fisik dan keterampilan yang lemah. Dari sini, perempuan di representasikan hanya untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar dan cepat melalui kekuatan rating.

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The focus of this study is women’s body and their embodiment in erotica and pornography discourse on Mata Lelaki and Sexophone program. This is qualitative research and using critical paradigm. Through Gamson and Modigliani's framing, the result shows that woman body and their embodiment in the television becomes instrument to accumulate the capital. The ability of the media to show women as an objects, led to the exploitation of women's physical attractiveness impressions. Physical attractiveness and bodies discourse of women exploited by Mata Lelaki and Sexophone to bring audiences imagination to the theme of the program segmentation. Objectification are always presented in the program design, become one of woman exploitation manifestation. Woman described in the physical beauty and weak ability. Woman is represented by television program to get large advantage rapidly through the power of rating."

"Why do some TV genres have the label feminine or masculine? Why do we worry about boys playing video games too much while girls play just as often? Is the TV show Sex and the City empowering or not? Why are recent television shows like Desperate Housewives post-feminist television? Gender and Media explores these and other complex questions by offering a critical overview of the contemporary debates and discussions surrounding gender and mediated communication, and by providing student's with an overview of the current academic research on these topics. The book is divided into three parts: representing, producing, and consuming with each section made up of three chapters. The first chapter of each section attempts to answer the most basic questions: 'Who is represented?', 'Who produces what?' and 'Who consumes what?'. The second chapter of each section draws attention to the complexity of the relationship between gender and media, concentrating on the "why." The third and final chapter of each section addresses the latest debates in the fields of media and gender, adding a vital layer of understanding of the topic at hand. This process is aided by text boxes, which provide some additional information on the most important concepts and topics and exercises, which help bridge the gap between theory and everyday life media practices. This will be an ideal textbook for students studying gender and media, and for general courses on gender studies, sociology, cultural studies and women's studie"

"This volume seeks to offer a critical, innovative and empirically driven interrogation of the international political economy of cultures of production and consumption in Western market societies, investigating the reproduction of Western popular and commercial culture (including its products and representations) alongside analysis of representations of and attitudes towards feminism in contemporary Western societies. Many scholars have examined the marginalisation of feminist concerns in contemporary Western societies, argued that we now live in a post-feminist age, or shown how feminist concerns have been appropriated and absorbed by institutions that contribute to the perpetuation of gender inequalities. Death of Feminism? furthers this debate by focusing on how these very arguments depend upon a cultural political economy that has gendered understandings of everyday life, gendered patterns of consumption, and gendered predominant forms of commercial capitalism that circulate at the global level. This book will provide significant insight into how cultural artefacts of the past decade in the UK, US, and Australia have made use of gendered representations for the purposes of promoting specific forms of consumption, how these artefacts can be (and have been) understood as gendered, and the political consequences of these representations and understandings. Written in an accessible fashion, analysing a broad range of commercial and popular culture artefacts (including advertising, radio, television, film and online media) and including primary data from interviews and focus groups, this work will of use to students and scholars of IR, IPE, gender, cultural and media studies"--"This book explores the intimate connections between representation, the politics of feminism and the cultural practices of modern, Western, consumer society. It explores feminism 'made sensible' through visual imagery and popular culture representations, examining feminism's popular and commercial value. It investigates how popular culture is produced, represented and consumed to reproduce the conditions in which feminism is valued or dismissed. It asks where and how the sexualisation of cultural products is maintained and to what effect. It asks, finally, whether sufficient evidence can be marshalled to argue that antifeminism exists in commodity form and is commercially viable."